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How To Backup Oracle Database Using RMAN (With Examples)

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How To Backup Oracle Database Using RMAN (With Examples)

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How to Backup Oracle Database using RMAN
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(with Examples)
by RAMESH NATARAJAN on AUGUST 27, 2013

Even if you are not an Oracle DBA, you’ll still encounter a situation where you
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RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

1. View Current RMAN Configuration


Before we take the backup, we have to configure certain RMAN parameters. For
example, how long you want to reatain the RMAN backup, etc.

Before we modify any configuration, execute the following command to view all
current RMAN configuration settings.

To connect to RMAN, do the following from command line. This will take you to
RMAN> command prompt, from here you can execute all RMAN commands.

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2. Change Few RMAN Configuration Parameters
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Make sure the directory mentioned in the CHANNEK DEVICE TYPE DISK Hello World Examples
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Currently this directory is empty. We’ll see what this has after the backup is taken. VMware Tutorials

$ ls -l /backup/rman

total 0

We can take a backup using image copy or in backup set. It is strongly


recommended to use RMAN backup sets to backup the database.

RMAN stores the backup in backup sets, which are nothing but whole bunch of
files which contains the backed-up data. Only RMAN understands the format of
these files. So, if you backup an Oracle DB using RMAN, only RMAN knows how
to read the backup and restore it.

Typically we’ll use “BACKUP AS BACKUPSET” to backup a database. So, to take a


full backup of the database without the archive logs, do the following.

RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE

To take a full backup of the database with the archive logs, do the following:

RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

You can also take a backup of only a specific table space. The following example
takes backup of only PRD01 tablespace.

RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET TABLESPACE PRD01;

The RMAN backup output will be something similar to the following:

RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE

Starting backup at 10-AUG-13

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog


allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=193 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2


channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=192 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset


channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00025 name=/u03/oradata/devdb/devuser07.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/u02/oradata/devdb/temp01.dbf


channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset


input datafile fno=00008 name=/u03/oradata/devdb/devusers05.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 10-AUG-13


...
..

piece handle=/backup/rman/full_4dogpd0u_4237_1 tag=TAG20130808T114846 comment=NO


channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 10-AUG-13


...
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13

piece handle=/backup/rman/ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00 comment=NONE


Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13

Once the backup is completed, do an ls on the /backup/rman directory, you’ll now


see RMAN backup files.

$ ls -l /backup/rman
total 14588

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00


-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:48 full_4dogpd0u_4237_1

Note: Once a backup is taken, to view all available database backups from RMAN,
you need to use “list” command that is shown further down in one of the
examples.

While this may be obvious, it is worth repeating again: Since we are taking
hotbackup, the Oracle database can be up and running. Make sure your Oracle
database is running before you execute any of the above RMAN backup
commands.

4. Assign Backup TAG Name for Quick Identification


If you are taking lot of backups, it will be easier to assign a tag to a particular
backup, which we’ll later use during Oracle recovery (or while using list command
to view it).

The following example assign a backup tag called


“WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY” to this particular backup.

RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET TAG 'WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY' TABLESPACE PRD01;


Starting backup at 10-AUG-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1


using channel ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset


channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u03/oradata/devdb/PRD01_1.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-AUG-13


channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-AUG-13
piece handle=/backup/rman/full_4fogpdb3_4239_1 tag=WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY co

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01


Finished backup at 10-AUG-13
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13

piece handle=/backup/rman/ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01 comment=NONE


Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13

Once the backup is finished, if you view the files from rman directory, you’ll not
see the tag name here. Tag name is used only from RMAN repositories to view and
restore backups. So, now you see there are more files in this directory, as we’ve
taken couple of backups.

$ ls -l /backup/rman/
total 29176

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00


-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:54 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:48 full_4dogpd0u_4237_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:54 full_4fogpdb3_4239_1

5. Change Oracle RMAN Backup File Name Format


If you want the backup files itself will be in a specific format, you need to change
the format in the RMAN configuration as shown below. In this example, we’ve
appended the tag “full_devdb_bk_” prefix to all our backup files.

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT "/backup/rman/full_devdb_bk_%u

Now, let us take another backup with this modified configuration.

RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET TAG 'WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY' TABLESPACE PRD01;

Now when you view the RMAN files, you’ll see the new RMAN backup file has this
new file name format for the files. This is easier to identify certain information
about the backup just by looking at the file names.

$ ls -l /backup/rman/

total 43764
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:54 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:56 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-02


-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:48 full_4dogpd0u_4237_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:54 full_4fogpdb3_4239_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:55 full_devdb_bk_4hogpdef_4241_1

6. Compress a RMAN Backup


If you are taking a backup of a big database, you’ll notice that the RMAN backup
files are bigger (almost same size as the database itself).

So, for most situation, you should always tak ea compressed backup of the
database.

The following example take a compressed backup of the tablepsace PRD01.

RMAN> BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET TAG 'WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY' TABLESPACE

When you view the backup files from the file system level, you will not see any .gz
(or .zip, or .bz2) to indicate that the RMAN has taken a compressed backup. The
file naming convention will still follow the same as a non-compressed backup.

$ ls -l /backup/rman/
total 58352

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00


-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:54 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:56 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-02

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:59 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-03


-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:48 full_4dogpd0u_4237_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:54 full_4fogpdb3_4239_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 327680 Aug 8 11:55 full_devdb_bk_4hogpdef_4241_1


-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 127680 Aug 8 11:59 full_devdb_bk_4jogpdl0_4243_1

Note: The way to tell whether RMAN has take a compressed backup or not, it by
looking at the size, and by looking at the output of the RMAN “list” command
which is shown in one of the section below.

7. View all RMAN Backups


To view all the RMAN backups, execute “list backup summary” as shown below.

RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag

------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---


..
4215 B F A DISK 10-AUG-13 1 1 NO TAG201308

4216 B F A DISK 10-AUG-13 1 1 NO TAG201308


4217 B F A DISK 10-AUG-13 1 1 NO WEEEKLY_P
4218 B F A DISK 10-AUG-13 1 1 NO TAG201308
4219 B F A DISK 10-AUG-13 1 1 NO WEEEKLY_P

4220 B F A DISK 10-AUG-13 1 1 NO TAG201308


4221 B F A DISK 10-AUG-13 1 1 YES WEEEKLY_P

As you see above, it displays various information about the backups. In the above
output, it show 7 RMAN backups. The last column shows the “Tag” that we
specified when we took a backup. If we didn’t specify any TAG, RMAN creates a
default tag with the prefix “TAG” followed by some numbers. You can also see that
under the column “Compressed”, the last RMAN backup shows “YES”, which
indicates that out of all the 7 RMAN backups, only the last one was compressed.

Also, when the RMAN backup is running, if you want to see the proress, you can
query the V$RMAN_STATUS table from sql*plus as shown below.

SQL> SELECT OPERATION, STATUS, MBYTES_PROCESSED, START_TIME, END_TIME from V$RMA

OPERATION STATUS MBYTES_PROCESSED START


--------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------- -----
CONTROL FILE AND SPFILE AUTOBACK COMPLETED 14 07-NO
RMAN COMPLETED 0 07-NO

RESTORE VALIDATE COMPLETED 0 07-NO


RMAN COMPLETED WITH ERRORS 0 07-NO
DELETE COMPLETED 0 08-NO
BACKUP COMPLETED 0 10-AU
CONTROL FILE AND SPFILE AUTOBACK COMPLETED 14 10-AU

RMAN COMPLETED WITH ERRORS 1832 10-AU


RMAN COMPLETED 0 10-AU
...

There you have it!. That is how you take an Oracle RMAN backup and sleep
peacefully.

> Add your comment

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Tagged as: RMAN Backup Command, RMAN Backup Controlfile, RMAN Backup Datafile, RMAN Backup Format, RMAN Backup

Location, RMAN Backup Syntax, RMAN Backup to Disk

{ 55 comments… add one }

Jalal Hajigholamali August 27, 2013, 8:49 am

Hi,

Very useful article for DBA

Thanks

LINK

Selvam August 27, 2013, 9:23 am

Very Nice! Thanks.

LINK

A.Baines August 27, 2013, 11:39 am

Great stuff I can always use info like this.

LINK

Astorre August 28, 2013, 1:49 am

Good article ! Thanks.


I hope to see others articles on the same usefull topic. 🙂

LINK

dudex00F August 30, 2013, 2:00 am

thanks for the hints, however RMAN backup seems to be working only
when an Oracle instance is up, thus can it be used against disaster recovery?

will you cover RMAN process?

LINK

Tasslehoff September 2, 2013, 6:56 am

Great post, very useful!


Do you think to cover also the restore procedure with RMAN?

One more question, if I remember RMAN backup is possibile only if the Oracle
database is running in archive mode, is it right?

LINK

Mahfuz September 9, 2013, 11:40 am

@Tasslehoff
RMAN can make consistent and inconsistent backup,incremental or full
backup,backup of whole or portion of database.

LINK

Anonymous October 28, 2013, 11:38 am

Rman scenarios please

LINK

Tomas Kirsten November 14, 2013, 1:50 am

yes, more scenarios please espc. to disaster recovery


cheers all DBAs

LINK

Delwar November 19, 2013, 4:55 am

Useful article.Thanks.

LINK

shanmugam January 21, 2014, 6:33 am

Hi,
is there any view to check the retention time of the existing back in the catalog?

LINK

Naveen Sunkari February 4, 2014, 10:18 pm

Hi

Very usefull i am working on Netbackup in IBM and in my present environment


we dont have RMAN backups, but i am interested to know about this. i am new
and fresh to this concept, now i got clear idea on Data base backups. its very
usefull information for all those who are new to RMAN backups.

Thank you so much for sharing..

LINK

Bijayalaxmi Behera March 4, 2014, 10:59 pm

Hi, it is very useful for me.Thanx

LINK

prasad May 19, 2014, 8:39 am

Nice pls update more scenerios for practice please.

LINK

Rezaul June 6, 2014, 3:21 pm

Very usefull information about RMAN.

LINK

Anonymous June 12, 2014, 4:32 am

Very usefull information about RMAN.

LINK

Manoj June 19, 2014, 12:56 pm

Super Thanks. Excellent article, please keep posting more and more 🙂

LINK

abhishek July 14, 2014, 2:56 am

very impressive article….would you please more elaborate this topic..how


to recover RMAN backup…or some other topic ie: migrate oracle DB from
Linux(R.H.E.L) to UNIX(A.I.X).

LINK

Vishan July 15, 2014, 12:08 am

Simple and very helpful…cheers…!!!

LINK

manfred August 17, 2014, 8:01 am

your tutorial help me a lot


can you cover the recovery process after backing up the database ??

thanks

LINK

cithu August 24, 2014, 7:37 am

Thanks for your tutorial. simple and useful.

LINK

sundar September 9, 2014, 2:02 am

thanks a lot

LINK

Raj September 15, 2014, 10:03 pm

Thanks and useful content

LINK

Shalini Singh October 5, 2014, 12:44 am

Really useful:-)

LINK

ramana October 17, 2014, 2:39 pm

it’s very nice tutorial.It will very helpfull for beginners and experienced

LINK

Dave Bowers October 30, 2014, 10:54 am

I am trying to do a database backup to disk and I am using the


instruction in this post but I continue to have the following error message:
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at
10/30/2014 11:46:29
ORA-07217: sltln: environment variable cannot be evaluated.

I have added the suggested parameters to RMAN.

I have ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME set.

What variable am I missing?

LINK

Junaid November 11, 2014, 1:16 am

It is very nice. Elaborated nicely each and every thing


Regards, J

LINK

Orcl November 14, 2014, 5:13 pm

very useful thank you.

LINK

Anthony December 5, 2014, 6:57 am

Hi,
Thx for the post I am trying this on the test instance I am getting the following
errror

BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

Starting backup at 05-DEC-14


ORACLE error from target database:
ORA-00258: manual archiving in NOARCHIVELOG mode must identify log

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1


channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=2860 device type=DISK
specification does not match any archived log in the recovery catalog
backup cancelled because all files were skipped
Finished backup at 05-DEC-14

Starting backup at 05-DEC-14


using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at
12/05/2014 21:01:49
ORA-19602: cannot backup or copy active file in NOARCHIVELOG mode
continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-14
piece handle=/mnt/anthony/rman/full_08ppea9t_8_1
tag=TAG20141205T210148 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
RMAN-00571:
========================================================
===
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS
===============
RMAN-00571:
========================================================
===
RMAN-03002: failure of backup plus archivelog command at 12/05/2014
21:01:52

RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at


12/05/2014 21:01:49
ORA-19602: cannot backup or copy active file in NOARCHIVELOG mode

LINK

Tasslehoff December 5, 2014, 4:50 pm

@Anthony
It’s normal, you can use rman only if the database is working in archive log mode.
Connect to your db as sysdba with a client (sqlplus or sql developer or any other)
and lauch “archive log list”.
It will return some information, “Database log mode” will tell you if your database
works in archive log mode or no archive log.
Probably yours will work in no archive log, you can change it but you must create
a directory for archivelogs and tell the database to use that directory.

LINK

Charles Martel March 9, 2015, 3:52 pm

This was the best documentation on Rman to be found on the web. It’s
far more concise and useful than anything that I saw on the Oracle sites. Oracle –
if you read this- please take note of the practical nature of this man’s work.
Mr NATARAJAN – THANK YOU ! You have saved my week and perhaps my
whole work with Oracle.

LINK

Rahul March 18, 2015, 5:39 am

Hi friend,
if you have some more details about logical backup and physical backup please
inform.

LINK

Abdul Hamed June 5, 2015, 2:18 pm

Very useful …more

LINK

Alok July 3, 2015, 1:02 am

Very Very useful

LINK

Antim July 15, 2015, 5:16 am

Really it was help full article, Specially for those have started their carrier
recently in oracle DBA field.

LINK

PC July 30, 2015, 12:33 am

Thanks..

LINK

laxmi August 1, 2015, 1:34 am

many thanks…very useful

LINK

Lorena August 4, 2015, 6:42 am

Very helpfull !Thanks 😀

LINK

tpen August 28, 2015, 11:02 am

It is nice article on RMAN, and most of people getting the error, they
should make sure that RMAN is achivelog enable mode, before they can use
RMAN for fully backup

LINK

Chathuranga September 26, 2015, 7:34 am

really helpful thankxx mate…

LINK

Nos October 2, 2015, 8:33 am

Nice, accurate and concise, to the point. enjoyable reading.


Great job !!

LINK

Nelson November 11, 2015, 10:57 am

Thank you. Still relevant and very useful.

LINK

Waseem November 30, 2015, 4:57 am

Very useful and helpful artical

LINK

GIANGTD December 23, 2015, 3:48 am

Thanks alot

LINK

hamma March 8, 2016, 9:09 am

thanks

LINK

hoanguyentvn March 28, 2016, 3:51 am

Love your article so much!!! very useful for me…thank you!

LINK

Krishna April 1, 2016, 12:11 am

Thanks for this article on backup and RMAN in Database. This gives a
basic understanding how backup are done at DB level for non-DBA support team
even though we depend on DB.

LINK

Sam April 6, 2016, 8:19 pm

Excellent one

LINK

ali May 18, 2016, 3:05 am

keep it up! keep sharing this kind of articles very useful…..

LINK

Lamine May 29, 2016, 1:30 pm

That’s awesome. I thank you …

LINK

Naveen December 14, 2016, 3:04 am

Could you please provide me the steps to backup oracle 11g database and
its objects on a windows 7 32 bit machine. Further i would like to keep it as a
archive and day to day basis.

LINK

Basavaraj Hiremath December 24, 2016, 12:57 pm

Very useful article on RMAN backup concepts with precise examples..


well done !!

LINK

Priyanka January 20, 2017, 9:40 am

Excellent..!!!

LINK

Tanay Lakshman February 22, 2017, 11:39 pm

Useful

LINK

Anonymous March 24, 2017, 3:56 am

Good One..!

LINK

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