Dental equipment’s for Pediatric Dentistry

PEDODONTICS
Friday, February 19, 2021 11:36 AM Tools

HISTORY Dentist Mirror

• 'little mirror' or a 'special mirror
1800 BC- Ancient Egypt 1947 - AAP
• No caries in children’s teeth • American Academy of Pedodontics, precursor to • used to look closely at the front, back, and top of teeth, all the
1563-64 Eustachius the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, way to the back of the mouth. It can reveal areas where plaque
• Described and showed illustrations of both primary was founded. has built-up, as well as any obvious cavities
and permanent dentition 1960s
1737-Gerauldy • The Pediatric Dentistry Training Program is Tooth Explorer
• Writes about theories regarding tooth eruption and created by a federal agency to increase the • 'tooth counter'
exfoliation number of dentists specially trained to treat • particularly scary to children due to its sharp end. A good dentist
1763- Joseph Hurlock pediatric populations and children with special will attempt to point away the sharp end as best as possible, so
• Publishes 1st book on children’s dentistry needs as not to frighten the child.
1764- Robert Bunon • Dental sealants Introduced to help prevent • used to check for cavities in the grooves of teeth.
• ‘"Father of Pedodontics” reiterates the importance of cavities in children and adolescents' permanent
deciduous dentition teeth. Electric toothbrush
1743 - he published his Essay on the diseases of 1967- CDH • 'dentist’s spinning toothbrush'.
the teeth, where, for the first time, are discussed the • International Symposium on Child Dental Health • powered by a power-supply, along with other tools on a console
dental problems in the child. It demonstrates that the is conducted at London Hospital Medical College within the dentist’s reach.
extraction of decayed teeth is not dangerous, and 1969- IADC • brushes away plaque and removes stains on the teeth.
that the dental nerves are not related to the eye • International Association of Dentistry for Children
nerves. is established
1743- he introduced – Serial Extraction 1984 - AAPD
• American Academy of Pedodontics is renamed to
1909- Minnie Evangeline Jordon the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Saliva Ejector
• established the first dental practice in the United 2000s • 'Mister Thirsty.
States devoted only to pediatric patients • The 'Dental Home' concept of establishing • suck-up saliva and water during the cleaning process.
1925- Minnie Evangeline Jordon comprehensive oral healthcare starting before the
• first textbook on pediatric dentistry, titled Operative age of one is endorsed by the American Dental
Dentistry for Children. Association.
1926 - Detroit Pedodontics Study Club 2010s
• Dr. Samuel D. Harris - "Father of Children’s • The Affordable Care Act makes pediatric dental
Dentistry Organizations world-wide, starts the services an essential health benefit and is Dental Water Jet
Detroit Pedodontics Study Club required to be offered to everyone under age 19 The Dental Water Jet is also known for kids as Miss Water Whistle!
1927 - AAPDC through individual and small employer plans The dentist will use this equipment to spray water throughout the
• Detroit Study Club is now named the American mouth to flush out any unwanted matter. Mister Thirsty works
Academy for Promotion of Dentistry for Children alongside Miss Water Whistle sucking-up all the flushed-out matter –
1940 - ASDC and, yes, Miss Water Whistle does make a whistling noise as she
• American Academy for Promotion of Dentistry for sprays water!
Children renamed as the American Society of
Dentistry for Children. It was at this time that The
American Dental Association began to officially Dental X-rays
recognize pediatric dentistry as a specialty • 'taking a picture of the teeth'
• vary in appearance, from a tall enclosure where the child will
stand to have the machine-head - also known as the ‘camera’ -
revolve around the head, to a ‘camera’ positioned next to the face
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS that takes the ‘photos’. These are referred to as ‘Pictures of the
Disease Treatment Teeth’.
• show the insides of the teeth and the jaw.
1. Tooth Decay • Caries
A rotting tooth is triggered by some of these bacterial species • Pulpotomy Fluoride varnish or foam
which grow in the mouth. A gritty, film-like accumulation of type of • Applied after cleaning
bacteria buildup continuously builds up on teeth. When plaque is • Tooth Vitamins'
presented to the right form of food, it produces acids and eats
away at the pigment of a tooth, or the rough external part of the Prize
teeth. • Patients get to choose a prize from the Dentist once the
procedure is complete. something that kids look forward to, and
serves as a great incentive for being brave.

Methods/Techniques: Behavior Management

Behavior management
• means by which the dental health team effectively and efficiently performs dental treatment and thereby
instills a positive dental attitude.
1. Communication
▪ means by which the dentist gets his point across, making himself understood by use of words or
expressions.
▪ should be comfortable and relaxed sitting and speaking at the eye level allows a friendlier
atmosphere. address him by his name compliment him about his appearance.
2. Over-Retained Primary Teeth • Extractions □ Ask questions about his class his likes/dislikes.
If a primary tooth won’t loosen, it could cause the permanent tooth 2. Behavior shaping
underneath to try to erupt in the same space. As a result, two ▪ procedure which slowly develops behavior by reinforcing a successive approximation of desired
teeth can exist in a spot meant for just one. Or, a baby tooth might behavior until the desired behavior comes into being.
remain solid for years as other teeth loosen around it. In these a. state the general goal or task to the child at the outset.
instances, the child may not have a permanent tooth to replace b. explain the necessity for the procedure.
the primary one, so the primary tooth isn’t pushed out of the c. divide explanation for the procedure.
mouth. d. give all explanation at child's level of understanding. Use euphemisms.
3. Desensitization (tell-show-do)technique
▪ Tell and show every step and instruments and explain what is going to be done.
▪ Procedure involves allowing a patient to observe one or more individual (models) who
demonstrate a positive behavior in a particular situation therefore, the patient will frequently enact
the models behavior.
□ live model – siblings. □ Posters
□ Filmed models □ Audiovisual aids

a. The dentist uses the language that child can understand and tells the patient what is to be
done.
b. the dentist demonstrates the procedure to the child using model or himself.
c. dentist proceeds to do the dental procedure exactly as described.
4. Behavior Management
3. Gum disease, or gingivitis Scaling ▪ method of modifying the behavior of child by presentation or withdrawal of reinforces.
It is the inflammation of the gum tissue. It’s often caused by poor • removes tartar and bacteria from your ▪ Reinforces can be:
oral and dental hygiene and plaque buildup, and it can progress tooth surfaces and beneath your gums. □ Positive reinforcer
into bone damage and tooth loss.  contingent presentation increases the frequency of behavior
As plaque and tartar deposits build up on the base of the teeth, Root planning □ Negative reinforcer
they begin to affect the gums. During the early stages of gingivitis, • removes the bacterial products produced  contingent withdrawal increases frequency of behavior.
a child’s gums are often swollen and red, and they recede from by inflammation, smooths the root  usually a termination of an aversive stimulus
the teeth and bleed easily after flossing. Other indicators of gum surfaces, discouraging further buildup of e.g. withdrawal of mother
disease include bad breath and a perpetually bad taste in the kid’s tartar and bacteria, and allows proper 5. Audio Analgesia
mouth. healing. ▪ called as white noise.
• performed using instruments, a laser or ▪ method of reducing pain.
an ultrasonic device. ▪ providing sound stimulus of such intensity that patient finds difficult to attend anything else.
□ Auditory stimulus such as music reduces stress and reaction to pain.

Biofeedback
□ Involves use of certain instruments to detect certain physiological process.
e.g. If blood pressure is high instruments give stimulation, useful in anxiety and
echocardiogram can also be used.
Humor

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 □

Biofeedback
□ Involves use of certain instruments to detect certain physiological process.
e.g. If blood pressure is high instruments give stimulation, useful in anxiety and
echocardiogram can also be used.
Humor
□ Helps to elevate mood of child.

Few functions are

□ Social: forming and maintaining relationship □ Motivation: It increases interest.
□ Emotional: Anxiety release □ Cognitive : Distracts from fearful stimulus.
□ Informative: Transmits essential information
6. THE TECHNIQUE
4.Tooth injury Pulp Treatment (Pulpotomy)
▪ After determining the child’s behavior,the dentist firmly places his hand over the child’s mouth and
• Children can injure their teeth from falls or during play or • generally becomes necessary as the
behavioral expectation are calmly explained close to child’s ear.
sports activities. The injury may be to a primary (baby) tooth or result of tooth injury.
▪ when the child's verbal outburst is stopped and child indicates his willingness to co-operate, the
a permanent (adult) tooth. A tooth may become cracked, • Failure to provide the necessary pulp
dentist removes his hand.
chipped, or totally detached from its socket. A child may have therapy could result in your child ▪ Once the child cooperates he should be complimented for being quiet and praised for good
bleeding from the area, pain, or increased sensitivity when a experiencing pain, infection, swelling, or behavior.
tooth is injured. loss of the tooth. ▪ whole procedure should not last for more than 20- 30sec
• Many cavities may be so deep that they
extend to the nerve, often causing pain
and discomfort.
○ When this happens, the infected
part of the nerve must be removed. MEDICINEE
The remaining healthy nerve will be 1. Ibuprofen
left intact and medicated. The ▪ common painkiller for children and often used to treat cold symptoms, teething and toothache.
purpose of a pulpotomy is to extend ▪ treats inflammation such as aches and pains cause of health problem such as childhood arthritis.
the life of the baby tooth, thereby ▪ comes as a liquid syrup, tablets, capsules and granules that can dissolve in water to make a
avoiding the need for extraction and drink.
a space maintainer, until the 2. Acetaminophen
eruption of the permanent tooth. ▪ Called Tylenol
• tooth can be preserved for chewing food ▪ help children with aches, pains, sore throat, colds, fever and toothache to feel better
and maintaining proper space for ▪ important to give children the correct or right dose and safe when taken as directed
permanent teeth, as well as helping your □ can be harmful if taken too much.
child to preserve a healthy, happy smile.
3. Naproxen
5.Teeth Grinding ▪ known as Aleve which is safe for children from 12 years old and older.
• Also known as bruxism • Mouth Guards ▪ single dose of naproxen lasts up to 12 hours and therefore requires less frequent doses than
• common condition among school-aged children • Mouth Splints ibuprofen.
○ two or three out of 10 kids will grind or clench their teeth. • If the underlying cause of your teeth ▪ medicine that reduces inflammation and pain in joints and muscles.
• Sometimes a child develops bruxism because their top teeth grinding is stress or anxiety, 4. Amoxicillin
aren’t aligned with their bottom teeth. psychological treatments, such as ▪ Sometimes called spelt amoxycillin
• Another reason could be in response to pain — just as you rub cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), may ▪ comes as capsules or liquid medicine to help kill the harmful bacteria and get rid of their infection;
a sore muscle, some children will grind their teeth as a result help. □ also, to reduce pain for children suffering from toothache
of pain, like teething or an earache. • Medicine is not usually used to treat teeth 5. Cephalexin
• also be a sign that a kid is experiencing stress or hyperactivity. grinding. But non-steroidal anti- ▪ used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as e.g. pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections.
ibuprofen, may help relieve any pain or ▪ in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics and works by killing bacteria
swelling around your jaw caused by
grinding.

6.Canker sores Treatment:

Canker sores, or aphthous ulcers, are small sores that form • Mouth Rinses
inside the mouth, on the gums or on the tongue. Typically, the • Over-the counter and prescription
sores have a gray or white center surrounded by a red border. products (pastes, creams, gels or liquids)
Canker sores are different than fever blisters and cold sores — • Oral Medications (Intestinal ulcer
they do not spread from child to child, and most go away treatment sucralfate or Carafate, Oral
within one or two weeks. However, canker sores often steroid medications)
reappear, and they can make drinking and eating difficult for a • Cautery sores
child. They can develop alone or in groups, and they can grow • Nutritional Supplements – this is used to
up to one inch across. burn, sear or destroy tissue

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