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    Marie Curie

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    Georgiana Lungu
    Marie Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, winning the Physics Nobel Prize in 1903 with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for their research on radiation. She also won the 1911 Chemistry Nobel Prize for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium, making her the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice. Her groundbreaking work helped establish the field of nuclear physics and she is considered one of the most important scientists of all time.

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    Marie Curie

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    Georgiana Lungu
    84 views9 pages
    Marie Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, winning the Physics Nobel Prize in 1903 with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for their research on radiation. She also won the 1911 Chemistry Nobel Prize for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium, making her the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice. Her groundbreaking work helped establish the field of nuclear physics and she is considered one of the most important scientists of all time.

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    Marie Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, winning the Physics Nobel Prize in 1903 with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for their research on radiation. She also won the 1911 Chemistry Nobel Prize for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium, making her the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice. Her groundbreaking work helped establish the field of nuclear physics and she is considered one of the most important scientists of all time.

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    84 views9 pages

    Marie Curie

    Uploaded by

    Georgiana Lungu
    Marie Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, winning the Physics Nobel Prize in 1903 with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for their research on radiation. She also won the 1911 Chemistry Nobel Prize for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium, making her the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice. Her groundbreaking work helped establish the field of nuclear physics and she is considered one of the most important scientists of all time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    Marie Curie, née 

    Maria Salomea Skłodowska, (born November


    7, 1867, Warsaw, Congress Kingdom of Poland, Russian Empire—died
    July 4, 1934, near Sallanches, France), Polish-born French physicist,
    famous for her work on radioactivity and twice a winner of the Nobel
    Prize. With Henri Becquerel and her husband, Pierre Curie, she was
    awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics. She was the sole winner of
    the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. She was the first woman to win a
    Nobel Prize, and she is the only woman to win the award in two
    different fields.

    TOP QUESTIONS
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    Early Life
    From childhood she was remarkable for her prodigious memory, and
    at the age of 16 she won a gold medal on completion of her secondary
    education at the Russian lycée. Because her father, a teacher of
    mathematics and physics, lost his savings through bad investment, she
    had to take work as a teacher and, at the same time, took part
    clandestinely in the nationalist “free university,” reading in Polish to
    women workers. At the age of 18 she took a post as governess, where
    she suffered an unhappy love affair. From her earnings she was able to
    finance her sister Bronisława’s medical studies in Paris, with the
    understanding that Bronisława would in turn later help her to get an
    education.
    Marie Skłodowska (Marie Curie) and her sister Bronisława Skłodowska
    Maria Skłodowska (Marie Curie; standing) and her sister Bronisława Skłodowska, 1886.
    © Photos.com/Jupiterimages
    Move To Paris, Pierre Curie, And First
    Nobel Prize
    Hear author Alan Alda talking about Marie Curie who was the subject of his play “Radiance:
    The Passion of Marie Curie”
    Alan Alda discussing the work of Marie Curie, the subject of his 2011 play Radiance: The Passion of
    Marie Curie.
    © World Science Festival (A Britannica Publishing Partner)See all videos for this article
    In 1891 Skłodowska went to Paris and, now using the name Marie,
    began to follow the lectures of Paul Appel, Gabriel Lippmann, and
    Edmond Bouty at the Sorbonne. There she met physicists who were
    already well known—Jean Perrin, Charles Maurain, and Aimé Cotton.
    Skłodowska worked far into the night in her student-quarters garret
    and virtually lived on bread and butter and tea. She came first in
    the licence of physical sciences in 1893. She began to work in
    Lippmann’s research laboratory and in 1894 was placed second in
    the licence of mathematical sciences. It was in the spring of that year
    that she met Pierre Curie.

    Marie Curie
    Marie Curie in her Paris laboratory.
    Associated Newspapers/Shutterstock.com
    Pierre Curie
    Pierre Curie lecturing in a classroom.
    Photos.com/Jupiterimages
    Their marriage (July 25, 1895) marked the start of a partnership that
    was soon to achieve results of world significance, in particular the
    discovery of polonium (so called by Marie in honour of her native
    land) in the summer of 1898 and that of radium a few months later.
    Following Henri Becquerel’s discovery (1896) of a new phenomenon
    (which she later called “radioactivity”), Marie Curie, looking for a
    subject for a thesis, decided to find out if the property discovered
    in uranium was to be found in other matter. She discovered that this
    was true for thorium at the same time as G.C. Schmidt did.
    Pierre and Marie Curie
    Pierre and Marie Curie on their honeymoon bicycle trip, 1895.
    Photos.com/Jupiterimages
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    Turning her attention to minerals, she found her interest drawn


    to pitchblende, a mineral whose activity, superior to that of pure
    uranium, could be explained only by the presence in the ore of small
    quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity. Pierre Curie
    then joined her in the work that she had undertaken to resolve this
    problem and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium
    and radium. While Pierre Curie devoted himself chiefly to the physical
    study of the new radiations, Marie Curie struggled to obtain pure
    radium in the metallic state—achieved with the help of the chemist
    André-Louis Debierne, one of Pierre Curie’s pupils. On the results of
    this research, Marie Curie received her doctorate of science in June
    1903 and, with Pierre, was awarded the Davy Medal of the Royal
    Society. Also in 1903 they shared with Becquerel the Nobel Prize for
    Physics for the discovery of radioactivity.
    Marie Curie, Pierre Curie, and Gustave Bémont
    French physicists Marie Curie (right), Pierre Curie (centre), and chemist Gustave Bémont (left) in the
    laboratory.
    Photos.com/Getty Images
    The birth of her two daughters, Irène and Ève, in 1897 and 1904 did
    not interrupt Marie’s intensive scientific work. She was appointed
    lecturer in physics at the École Normale Supérieure for girls in Sèvres
    (1900) and introduced there a method of teaching based on
    experimental demonstrations. In December 1904 she was appointed
    chief assistant in the laboratory directed by Pierre Curie.
    Marie Curie with her daughters
    Marie Curie with her daughters, Ève (left) and Irène (right).
    © Photos.com/Jupiterimages

    Pierre and Marie Curie with their daughter Irène


    French physicists Pierre and Marie Curie with their daughter Irène.
    Photos.com/Jupiterimages
    Pierre and Marie Curie with their daughter Irène
    Marie and Pierre Curie with their daughter Irène in the garden of their house in Paris.
    © Photos.com/Jupiterimages
    Marie Curie
    QUICK FACTS

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    BORN
    November 7, 1867
    Warsaw, Poland
    DIED
    July 4, 1934 (aged 66)
    near Sallanches, France
    SUBJECTS OF STUDY
     radioactivity
     radium
     polonium
     pitchblende
    AWARDS AND HONORS
     Nobel Prize (1911)
     Nobel Prize (1903)
    HOUSE / DYNASTY
     Curie family
    NOTABLE FAMILY MEMBERS
     Spouse Pierre Curie
     Daughter Ève Curie
     Daughter Irène Joliot-Curie

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