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    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    nd555
    This document provides a review of key concepts in pre-calculus including: 1) The binomial theorem formula and an example of expanding (a + b)4. 2) Information on arithmetic and geometric sequences, including their formulas and an example of each. 3) Trigonometric identities, functions, and conversions between degrees and radians. 4) The definition of a periodic function including the formula Y = A sin(Bx + C) + D and what each term represents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    nd555
    115 views6 pages
    This document provides a review of key concepts in pre-calculus including: 1) The binomial theorem formula and an example of expanding (a + b)4. 2) Information on arithmetic and geometric sequences, including their formulas and an example of each. 3) Trigonometric identities, functions, and conversions between degrees and radians. 4) The definition of a periodic function including the formula Y = A sin(Bx + C) + D and what each term represents.

    Original Description:

    pre-cal rev.

    Original Title

    PRE-CALCULUS REVIEWER

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    This document provides a review of key concepts in pre-calculus including: 1) The binomial theorem formula and an example of expanding (a + b)4. 2) Information on arithmetic and geometric sequences, including their formulas and an example of each. 3) Trigonometric identities, functions, and conversions between degrees and radians. 4) The definition of a periodic function including the formula Y = A sin(Bx + C) + D and what each term represents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    115 views6 pages

    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    nd555
    This document provides a review of key concepts in pre-calculus including: 1) The binomial theorem formula and an example of expanding (a + b)4. 2) Information on arithmetic and geometric sequences, including their formulas and an example of each. 3) Trigonometric identities, functions, and conversions between degrees and radians. 4) The definition of a periodic function including the formula Y = A sin(Bx + C) + D and what each term represents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    Binomial Theorem
    Formula:
    n
    ( a+ b ) =∑ n ak b n−k
    n
    ()
    k =0 k

    Example: Expand (a + b)4:

    Using the formula:

    (a + b)4 = ( 40)a + ( 41)a b + ( 42)a b + ( 43)ab + ( 44)b


    4 3 2 2 3 4

    For the ( 40), ( 41), ( 42) ,etc., press “Shift” + “÷” on your calculator, then put the upper
    number on left of “C”, lower number on right.

    (Lesson for this is factorial: Combinations and Permutations)

    (a + b)4 = 1a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + 1b4


    Pascal Triangle

    Just do this on your


    calculator so no
    memorizing:

    Notes:

    Again, press “Shift” + “÷” on your calculator, then put the upper number on left of “C”,
    lower number on right.

    The numbers of the pascal triangle are based off of the coefficients of the expansion of
    ( a+ b )n, so we regard the uppermost row as the 0th row. (0 muna yung bilang mo ng
    uppermost row, hindi 1 agad.)

    Mathematical Induction (Definition of Terms Only)


    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    Made by Blaise Pascal

    Originally called as “Method of finite descent”

    First recorded use was on the 16th century, by Francesco Maurolico, which he used it to
    prove properties of integers on his book “Arithmeticum Libri Duo”

    The first proof was that the sum of the first n numbers is n2.

    Basis step: First evidence of truth, (this is the part where we try n = 1)

    Inductive step: Cause of the domino effect, (In this part, we assume n = k is true, so now
    we prove n = k+1)

    (The assumption that n = k is true is called “Hypothesis of Induction/ Inductive


    Hypothesis)

    Arithmetic and Geometric Series


    Formula for Arithmetic Sequence: 

    an = a1 + (n - 1)d

    Where:

    d = common difference (to solve, an – an-1)

    n = position of the term

    a1 = first number of pattern

    Example: Find the 13th number of the pattern 1,3,5,7,9

    Using the formula:

    a13 = 1 + (13 - 1)2

    a13 = 25

    Formula for Geometric Sequence:

    an = a1 (rn - 1)

    r = common ratio (to solve, an ÷ an-1)

    n = position of the term

    a1 = first number of pattern

    Example: Find the 13th number of 2, 4, 8, 16…..

    Using the formula:

    a13 = 2 (213 - 1)
    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    a13 = 8192

    Formula for Arithmetic Series:

    Formula for Geometric Series:

    Trigonometric Identities and Functions:

    Identities relating to a triangle:

    opposite hypotenuse
    Sin = Csc x =
    hypotenuse opposite
    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    adjacent hypotenuse
    Cos = Sec x =
    hypote nuse adjacent

    opposite adjacent
    Tan = Cot x =
    adjacent opposite

    To simplify trigonometric expressions, try to convert it into identities of itself until no longer
    possible to simplify.

    Example: ( add picture )

    Conversion of Units & Unit Circle


    π
    To convert degrees into radians, multiply it by
    180

    180
    To convert radians into degrees, multiply it by
    π

    1rev
    To convert degrees into rev, multiply it by
    360

    Unit circle: a circle with a radius of 1


    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    Sum and Difference Identities

    Example in use :
    Evaluate cos(75°)
    cos(75°) = cos(30° + 45°)
    We can use the cosine sum identity. Use calculator
    cos(α + β) = cos(α)cos(β) – sin(α)sin(β)
    cos(30° + 45°) = cos(30°)cos(45°) – sin(30°)sin(45°)

    Final answer

    Periodic Functions
    Formula:
    Pre-Calculus Reviewer

    Y = A sin(Bx+C) + D

    Where:

    A = Amplitude

    2π
    Period =
    B

    D = vertical shift

    C = horizontal shift

    (di ata kasama yung shifts tho)

    Example: find amplitude and period of 4 sin (1/2) ϴ

    Amplitude = 4

    2π
    Period = = 4π
    1/2

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