Sách Writing Phan Qu NH

IELTS WRITING ONLINE
TUAN QUYNH BAND 7.0 – 8.0 +
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION. 1
HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT? 2
WRI. 01. INTRODUCTION TO IELTS WRITING 3
WRI. 02. INSTRUCTION TO BODY 1 10
WRI. 03. INSTRUCTION TO BODY 2 13
WRI. 04. INSTRUCTION TO CONCLUSION 17
WRI. 05. REVISION 2 5 5 2 STRUCTURE – 14 SENTENCES 22
WRI. 06. EDUCATION 25
WRI. 07. CHILDREN/PARENTS 28
WRI. 08. CRIMES 30
WRI. 09. ENVIRONMENT 33
WRI. 10. TECHNOLOGY 42
WRI. 11. CONSUMERISM 46
WRI. 12. LANGUAGES 52
WRI. 13. SPORTS 54
WRI. 14. TOURISM 58
WRI. 15. ADVERTISING 61
WRI. 16. HEALTH 65
WRI. 17. UPGRADING GRAMMAR TO 7.5+ 72
WRI. 18. IELTS WRITING TASK 1 78
WRI. 19. STATE-OF-THE-ART SENTENCES 86
WRI. 20. VERTICLE STRUCTURE FOR LINE – BAR – PIE & TABLE 93
WRI. 21. COLLECTION OF TASK 1 & TASK 2 104
WRI. 22. MUST-HAVE VOCABULARY 22
END 27
INTRODUCTION.
Mình soạn bộ tài liệu được soạn ĐỘC QUYỀN này với cả tâm huyết, mong bạn cảm thấy tiếng
Anh – môn viết (writing) là điều gì đó vô cùng đơn giản, dễ dàng. Trong lúc mình soạn tài liệu, và
tại vì phong cách “nhí nhố” nên đôi khi lời giảng của mình nó không mang tính truyền thống
mẫu mực kính ngữ, hi vọng các bạn khó tính có thể thông cảm, vì mình quan niệm sự vui vẻ và
hài hước ở bài giảng sẽ giúp chúng ta nhớ bài tốt hơn, thú vị hơn.
Với tất cả khả năng ngôn ngữ của mình, 8.0+ cho tất cả các kỹ năng, mình hy vọng “một đứa con
gái nhà quê” học tiếng anh thành công như mình sẽ giúp bạn có cách tiếp cận đơn giản, thoải
mái, chân thực nhất. Một bộ tài liệu nơi mà bạn cảm thấy đủ để luyện thi không cần tham khảo
thêm bất kỳ bộ sách/tài liệu nào khác.
Bên cạnh đó, các bạn giúp Phan Quỳnh đừng chia sẻ hay mua bán bộ tài liệu này. Mình hi vọng
là học với mình các bạn sẽ thấy là: “Vật chất chỉ là phù du, tình người thì luôn còn mãi”. Đó là lý
do vì sao mình rất tâm huyết kể cả lúc biên soạn tài liệu, hay lúc giảng dạy, luôn nỗ lực mỗi ngày
để có thể truyền đạt toàn bộ kiến thức mà mình có đến cho các bạn. Hi vọng rằng những nỗ lực
của mình sẽ được các bạn tôn trọng và yêu quý. Sự ủng hộ và trân quý của bạn dành cho mình
chính là động lực cho mình ngày càng cống hiện không ngừng trên con đường giảng dạy tiếng
Anh cho tất cả mọi người, truyền đạt cho mọi người vốn hiểu biết của mình, và giúp mọi người
lạc quan với năng lực tích cực trong mình.
Yêu thương cả nhà nhiều
Cô Phan Quỳnh – Thầy Tuấn Mai
Ielts Tuan Quynh - All copyright reserved Page | 1

HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT?
GUIDELINE.
Cấu trúc của mỗi topic sẽ bao gồm 4 phần chính: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 và Follow-up
question/Extension tùy thuộc vào mỗi topic. Các bạn lưu ý ghi âm Part 1, Part 2, mình sẽ chấm
kỹ phát âm (pronunciation), nhấn âm (intonation/stress), sửa đổi từ vựng để nâng band (words
choice) nếu bạn đã vững vàng với môn speaking. Part 3 và phần mở rộng các bạn không ghi âm,
chỉ tham khảo thêm để bổ sung từ vựng.
ABBR.
[s.th] = something
[s.o] = someone
[s.wh] = somewhere
[pro] = professional vocabulary
[phr.] = phrasal verbs / nouns / adverbs / adjectives
[col.] = collocation

WRI. 1. INTRODUCTION TO IELTS WRITING
OPENING. GENERAL STRUCTURE
Opening comprises of 2 sentences following the below structure:

sen 1. Nowadays, [ s.th ] has been receiving a great deal of public attention.
sen 2. Although, ….
OVERVIEW.
For sentence 1, you only need to remember and rewrite exactly the below given sentence
and replace [ s.th ] by the topic’s point of discussion.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ s.th ] has been receiving a great deal of public attention.
*Upgrading sentences:
> [ s.th ] has sparked a controversy.
> [ s.th ] has caused a heated debate.
> [ s.th ] has gained in popularity.
> [ s.th ] has aroused people’s curiosity.
> The debate of [ s.th ] never comes and ends.
For sentence 2, regarding to the type of question to use proper template sentences as follow:

AGREE OR DISAGREE?
Sen 02. I agree/disagree with this statement
ADVANTAGES – DISADVANTAGES / PROS AND CONS
Sen 02.  Both the pros and cons of this trend will be discussed
 The advantages will far overshadow the disadvantages
 The disadvantages of this trend will far overshadow the advantages
PROBLEMS AN SOLUTIONS / CAUSES AND EFFECT
Sen 02. This problem is caused by some reasons, and some solutions should be
adopted to tackle that
DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS
Sen 02. Both views of this trend/this matter will be discussed
HOMEWORK.
Topic 1. Children are getting addicted to television. What are reasons? What are solutions
for that?
Topic 2. Many parents encourage children to learn languages too early. Do advantages
outweigh disadvantages?
Topic 3. We should increase the price of fuels to protect the environment. Do you agree
or not?

TYPE 1. ADVANTAGES – DISADVANTAGES QUESTIONS
Topic 1. Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life.
What are the reasons? Do advantages of this outweigh disadvantages?
 Paraphrase.
Having children later = Giving birth later / Delaying parental hood / Delaying parenthood /
Procrastinating giving birth
 Opening sentences.
Ngày nay, [ việc sinh con muộn của các cặp đôi trẻ ] đang nhận được rất nhiều sự
quan tâm của cộng đồng. Mặc dù khuynh hướng này không phải là không có bất lợi,
mặt thuận lợi sẽ nhiều hơn.
Sen 1. Nowadays, [ procrastinating giving birth from young couples ] has been
receiving a great deal of public attention.
Sen 2. Although this trend is not without disadvantages, the advantages will far
overshadow.
Topic 2. These days, governments are encouraging businesses to move out of big cities.
Do advantages of this outweigh disadvantages?
 Opening sentences:
Ngày nay, [ việc di dời doanh nghiệp ra khỏi thành phố ] đang nhận được rất nhiều sự
quan tâm của cộng đồng. Mặc dù khuynh hướng này không phải là không có bất lợi,
mặt thuận lợi sẽ nhiều hơn.
Sen 1. Nowadays, [ large enterprises are encouraged to move out of big cities ] has
been receiving a great deal of public attention.
Sen 2. Although this trend is not without disadvantages, the advantages will far
overshadow.

TYPE 2. PROBLEMS – SOLUTION / CAUSES – EFFECTS QUESTIONS
Topic 1. It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime is growing. What do you
think is the reason for a growth in the rate of juvenile crime? What solutions
can you offer to deal with this situation?
Ngày nay, [ tội phạm tuổi vị thành niên ] đang nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm của
cộng đồng. Mặc dù vấn đề này bị gây ra bởi nhiều lý do, một số giải pháp nên được
xem xét để giải quyết
Sen 1. Nowadays, [ juvenile crime caused by young adults ] has been receiving a
great deal of public attention.
Sen 2. Although this problem is caused by some reasons, some solutions should be
adopted to tackle that.
Topic 2. Nowadays, it seems that people tend to waste a great amount of food. Why do
you think this is happening? And how can we solve this problem?
Ngày nay, [ chất thải thực phẩm ] đang nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm của cộng
đồng. Mặc dù vấn đề này gây ra bởi nhiều lý do, một số giải pháp nên được xem xét để
giải quyết.
Sen 1. Nowadays, [ food waste ] has been receiving a great deal of public attention.
Sen 2. Although this problem is caused by some reasons, some solutions should be
adopted to tackle that.

TYPE 3. AGREE OR DISAGREE QUESTIONS
Topic 1. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a
way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Trong những thập kỷ gần đây, [ biến đổi khí hậu ] đã nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm
của cộng đồng bởi vì những tác động to lớn của nó. Mặc dù ý tưởng đồng sống chung
với khí hậu được xem là có lợi, bất lợi sẽ nhiều hơn trong vấn đề này
Sen 1. In recent decades, [ global warming ] has been receiving a great deal of
public attention.
Sen 2. Although the idea of living beyond its worsening impact is not without
visibility, the disadvantages are outweighing the advantages.
Topic 2. In the future, it seems more difficult to live on the Earth. Some people think
more money should be spent on researching other planet to live, such as Mars.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Ngày nay, [ các dự án không gian cho việc đi tìm không gian sống mới ] đang nhận
được rất nhiều sự quan tâm của cộng đồng. Mặc dù các dự án này trông có vẻ rất hấp
dẫn, các bất lợi nhiều hơn nên được xem xét.
Sen 1. Nowadays, [ studies about living on other planets ] have been receiving a
Sen 2. Although these space studies/projects seem to be reasonable, further
disadvantages should be taken into account.

TYPE 4. DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS QUESTIONS
Topic 1. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful
educational tool. Others, however, believe that video games are having an
adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks
of video games outweigh the benefits?
Ngày nay, [ việc chơi game của trẻ em ] đang nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm của
cộng đồng bới vì cả tác động tiêu cực và tích cực của nó. Mặc dù hình thức giải trí này
có thể có hại ở nhiều trường hợp, các lợi ích sẽ nhiều hơn.
Sen 1. Nowadays, [ children spend too much time over video games ] has been
Sen 2. Although this kind of entertainment can be seen as harmful for children in
some ways, the advantages will overshadow the disadvantages.
Topic 2. In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year
between finishing high school and starting university studies. Some other
people say that they should go to the university directly. Discuss both views of
this trend and give your opinion.
Trong những năm gần đây, [ câu hỏi liệu rằng sinh viên có nên có một năm off trước
khi đi vào đại học hay theo đuổi đại học liên tiếp sau tốt nghiệp ] đã nhận được nhiều
sự quan tâm của cộng đồng. Mặc dù chọn 1 năm off có vẻ hấp dẫn ở nhiều khía cạnh,
việc theo đuổi đại học liên tiếp sẽ mang lại nhiều lợi ích hơn.
Sen 1. In recent decades, [ the question of whether students should spend 1 year
off the study before going to the university or starting it immediately after
high school graduation ] has been receiving a great deal of public attention.
Sen 2. Although gap year seems to be an attractive choice, starting the university

right after finishing high school supposes to bring further advantages.
PRACTICE.
Topic 1. The use of mobile phone is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain
places so mobile phone should be banned like smoking. To what extend do you
agree or disagree?
Topic 2. Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient.
Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful.
Discuss both views and give your opinion
Topic 3. Many historic places and buildings are being destroyed or damaged. What do you
think are the reasons? What can be done about it? Give your opinion and
relevant examples.
Topic 4. It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural
environment, such as the South Pole. Do the advantages of this development
outweigh the disadvantage

WRI. 2. INSTRUCTION TO BODY 1
BODY 1. GENERAL STRUCTURE
Body 1 comprises of 5 sentences following the below structure:

sen 1. Topic sentence.
sen 2. First, since S + V, S + V.
sen 3. In fact, S + V, which end + results.
sen 4. Second, by doing [ s.th ], S + V.
sen 5. This means that S + V, which end + results.
EXAMPLE & PRACTICE.
Topic 1. There is no need to complete an education beyond a primary school

level. Do you agree or not?
 Define topic type. Agree or Disagree questions
 Brainstorming. Disagree
Sen 01. Có một số lý do tại sao cần phải học cao hơn cấp 1.
Sen 02. Một là, vì ….
Sen 03. Trên thực tế, …
 Rewrite.
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Topic 2. Nowadays, television has destroyed communication skills between
people and people. Why?
 Define topic type. Advantages – Disadvantages questions
 Words choice.
1- Glue eyes into something: (col): Gán mắt vào …

2- Get a sense of relaxation: (col) = relax: Thư giãn
3- In lieu of: (pro) = Instead of: Thay vì
4- Catch up with [s.th/s.o] = Have a talk with/to: Nói chuyện với …
5- Others = other people: Người khác
6- Attract: (v), Attractive: (adj): Hấp dẫn, lôi cuốn
7- Trigger curiosity: (col): Kích thích/Khơi dậy sự tò mò
8- Casual talks = Daily conversations: Cuộc nói chuyện thông thường/hàng ngày
9- Rather than: Hơn là …
 Brainstorming.
Sen 01. Có một số lý do tại sao tivi làm hỏng kỹ năng giao tiếp của con người.
Sen 02. Đầu tiên, vì có hàng ngàn chương trình tivi được phát sóng, mọi
người có xu hướng dán mắt vào màn hình để thư giãn thay vì ra
ngoài để nói chuyện với người khác.
Sen 03. Trên thực tế, các chuyển động và nội dung hấp dẫn từ tivi mang đến
cho mọi người những phần thưởng tinh thần, điều này kích thích sự
tò mò của mọi người.
 Rewrite.
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Topic 3. Many people decide to have children later. Why?
 Define topic type: Advantages – Disadvantages questions
 Words choice:
1- Competition: Sự cạnh tranh

2- The labor market: (col): Thị trường lao động / Thị trường việc làm
3- Young couples: Cặp vợ chồng trẻ
4- With an aim to + V = With the purpose of + V-ing: (gra): Với mục đích …
5- Commitment: (n): Cam kết
6- Concentrate on [s.th/s.o/s.wh] = Focus on: (col): Tập trung vào …
7- Result in = Lead to: (col): Dẫn đến …
8- Wage: (n): Tiền công
9- Salary: (n): Tiền lương
 Brainstorming:
Sen 01. Có một số lý do tại sao nhiều cặp vợ chồng trẻ quyết định có con
muộn.
Sen 02. Đầu tiên, bởi vì sự cạnh tranh khốc liệt trên thị trường lao động,
nhiều cặp vợ chồng chọn cách sinh con muộn với mục đích tập trung
thời gian, công sức và tiền bạc vào sự nghiệp.
Sen 03. Sự thật là, việc trì hoãn việc làm cha mẹ cho phép các cặp vợ chồng
làm việc nhiều giờ hơn và với cam kết cao hơn thay vì dành thời gian
chăm sóc con cả ngày, dẫn đến mức lương và tiền công tốt hơn.
 Rewrite.
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WRI. 3. INSTRUCTION TO BODY 2
BODY 2. GENERAL STRUCTURE
Body 2 comprises of 5 sentences following the below structure:

sen 1. Topic sentence.
sen 2. First, in order to do [ s.th ], S + V.
sen 3. For example, S + V, which [ end + results ].
sen 4. Second, if S + V, S + V.
sen 5. This means that/Plenty of evidence suggest that S + V, which [ end + results ].
EXAMPLE.
Topic 1. Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their
life. What are the reasons?
 Brainstorming.
Sen 01. There are also other factors why people decide to have children later
in their life.
Sen 02. First, in order to compete in the job market, many couples choose to
delay parenthood with an aim to focus time, effort on their careers.
Sen 03. For example, young couples can work extra and with higher
commitment, which results in better salaries and promotion.
Sen 04. Second, if young couples decide to have babies later in life, they will
enjoy their personal hobbies better.

Sen 05. Plenty of evidence suggests that they can travel more or have more
free time, which helps them lengthen their happiness.
PRACTICE.
Topic 1. Environment protection is the responsibility of politicians rather than

individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
 Define topic type. Agree – Disagree questions
 Words choice.
1- Galvanize: (pro) = Encourage: Khuyến khích/Động viên

2- Local officials: (phr.): Quan chức địa phương
3- Detrimental effects/impacts: (pro) = Harmful effects/impact: Ảnh hưởng có
hại
4- Environmentally friendly products: (col.): Sản phẩm thân thiện với môi
trường
5- Green alternative: (col.): Sản phẩm thay thế thân thiện
 Brainstorming.
Sen 01. Có một số lý do tại sao việc bảo vệ môi trường là trách nhiệm của các
quan chức địa phương thay vì của từng cá nhân.
Sen 02. Một là, để khuyến khích mọi người sử dụng các sản phẩm thân thiện
với môi trường, các quan chức địa phương có thể tổ chức các chiến
dịch về môi trường thường xuyên.
Sen 03. Ví dụ, các chiến dịch có thể nhấn mạnh những ảnh hưởng có hại của
túi ni lông và đề xuất các sản phẩm thay thế thân thiện như là túi
giấy, điều này không những có lợi cho môi trường mà còn cho sức
khoẻ của cộng đồng.

 Rewrite.
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Topic 2. Increasing the price of fuels is the best way to solve traffic jam. Do you
agree or not?
 Define topic type. Agree - Disagree questions
 Words choice.
1- Mass transit: (pro) = Public transportation: Phương tiện di chuyển công cộng
2- Tackle: (pro) = Address = Solve: Giải quyết, xử lý
3- The majority of people: (col.) = cititzens: Công dân
4- Ease: (pro) = Reduce: Giảm
 Brainstorming. Agree
Sen 01. Có một số lý do tại sao nên tăng giá xăng dầu để giải quyết vấn nạn
kẹt xe.
Sen 02. Một là, nếu các hệ thống giao thông công cộng được xây dựng nhiều
hơn, như tàu điện ngầm hoặc xe buýt, ùn tắc giao thông sẽ được giải
quyết.
Sen 03. Điều này có nghĩa là công dân sẽ ít phụ thuộc vào xe cộ cá nhân của
họ, giúp giảm số lượng xe cộ trên đường.
 Rewrite.
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EXERCISES.
Topic 1. Leaders and directors in an organization are normally older people. Some
people think younger leaders would be better. Do you agree or disagree?
 Requirement. Give 1 idea starting with “If”
 Rewrite.
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Topic 2. Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local
people. Why is it the case and what can be done to attract more local people to
visit these places?
 Requirement: Give 1 idea starting with “In order to”
 Rewrite.
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WRI. 4. INSTRUCTION TO CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION. GENERAL STRUCTURE
Conclusion comprises of 2 sentences following the below structure:

sen 3. In conclusion, S + V. (shadow sen 02. of opening.)
sen 4. By doing something, S + V. or If S + V, S + V.
EXAMPLE.
Topic 1. Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their
life. What are the reasons?
 Opening.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ giving birth later of young couples ] has been receiving
a great deal of public attention
Sen 02. Although this trend is not without advantages, the downsides will
justify these.
 Conclusion.
Sen 01. In conclusion, the disavantages of this trend will be far more
significant.
Sen 02. [ By considering ] all the pros and cons of giving birth later, young
couples will have the best decisions for themselves

 Words choice.
You can either use [ By considering ] or:

1- By investing in …,
2- By focusing on …,
3- By applying …,
4- By acknowledging …,
5- By raising …,
Topic 2. Some people believe that the best way to increase road safety is to
increase the minimum legal age for driving cars. To what extend do you agree
or disagree?
 Define topic type. Agree – Disagree questions
 Words choice.
1- Traffic collision: (pro): Tai nạn giao thông

2- Workable solutions: (phr.): Những phương án khả thi
3- Road infrastructure: (phr.): Cơ sở hạ tầng đường bộ
 Opening.
Sen 01. Recently, [ the debate of whether or not increasing the minimum
legal age of driving cars or riding motorbikes is the best way to save
people for traffic collision ] has been receiving a great deal of public
attention.
Sen 02. Although this suggestion is aimed to help people be better off, other
workable solutions should be considered.
 Conclusion.
Sen 01. In conclusion, raising the minimum legal age of driving for road

safety should not be considered as the ultimate way.
Sen 02. By applying other measures, such as increasing road users’
knowledge of rules and driving skills, improving road infrastructure
and enforcing compliance with standards, governments can make the
situation better.
EXERCISES.
Ex. 1. Some students prefer to take a year off between school and university, to work or
to travel. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
 Requirement. Write the conclusion
 Opening.
Sen 01. In recent years, [ a gap year between high school and university ]
has been receiving a great deal of public attention.
Sen 02. Although this trend is not without advantages, the downsides would
be more significant
 Conclusion.
Sen 01. _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
Sen 02. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Ex. 2. In some countries, an increasing number of people are suffering from health
problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore necessary for
governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food. To what extend do you
agree or disagree with this opinion?
 Requirement: Write opening and conclusion

 Opening.
Sen 01. _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
Sen 02. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
 Conclusion.
Sen 01. _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
Sen 02. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Ex. 3. Translate these paragraphs into English

 Tóm lại, Internet và ngành công nghiệp ma túy là hai yếu tố góp phần vào tội phạm vị
thành niên. Bằng cách tăng cường pháp luật (enforcing laws), cảnh sát có thể giảm
thiểu vấn đề đến mức có thể quản lý được
 _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 Tóm lại, sự phổ biến đồ ăn nhanh sẽ gây nhiều bất lợi hơn thuận lợi. Bằng việc kiếm
soát các thành phần có trong thức ăn nhanh và khuyến khích người dân theo đuổi thói
quen ăn sạch (lead a healthy lifestyle with clean eating), chính phủ có thể giúp tình
hình tốt hơn
 _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 Tóm lại, mặc dù có nhiều lý do cho vấn đề này, không phải là không giải pháp khả thi.
Bằng cách cung cấp giáo dục, tỉ lệ nghèo sẽ giảm trong tương lai.

 _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

WRI. 5. REVISION 2 5 5 2 STRUCTURE – 14 SENTENCES
OPENING.
TYPE. ADVANTAGES – REASONS – AGREE – DISAGREE DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS

DISADVANTAGES SOLUTIONS QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
Sen 01. In recent years, [ s.th ] has been receiving a great In recent years, [ s.th ] In recent years, [ s.th ] has
deal of public attention. has been receiving a been receiving a great deal
great deal of public of public attention as some
attention as/whether [ people advocate for [
opinion 1 ] or [ opinion opinion 1 ], while others are
2 ] has caused a in favor of the idea [ opinion
controversy 2]
Sen 02. Although this trend This trend can be Although this trend is not Both pros and cons will be
is not without the [ attributed to a whole without [ disadvantages / analyzed
disadvantages / host of reasons, and advantages ], the
advantages ], the some feasible [ upsides / downsides ]
[ upsides / solutions should be will justify these.
downside ] will taken in account to
justify these. tackle it.

BODY 1.

QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
Sen 01. Topic sentence.

Sen 02. First, Since S + V, S + V, resulting to … / leading to … / making …,
Sen 03. In fact, S + V, which … [ end results ].
Sen 04. Second, by doing [ s.th ], S + V, resulting to … / leading to … / making …
Sen 05. This means that S + V, which … [ end results ].
BODY 2.
Sen 01. Topic sentence.

Sen 02. First, In order to do [ s.th ], S + V.
Sen 03. For instance, …, which … [ end results ].
Sen 04. Second, if S + V, S + V.
Sen 05. Plenty of evidence suggests that S + V, which … [ end results ].

CONCLUSION.

QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
Sen 01. In conclusion, with the convincing argument mentioned above, [ paraphrase topic again ].
Sen 02. [ By doing something ], S + V. or If S + V, S + V
WRI. 6. EDUCATION

Topic 1. Children’s education is expensive. In some countries, the government pays some of or all of the costs. Do the
advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
 Requirement. Write Body 2. and Conclusion.
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. In recent years, [ a gap year between high school and university ]
has been receiving a great deal of public attention.
Sen 02. Although this trend is not without advantages, the downsides would
be more significant.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of drawbacks of this sponsorship.
Sen 02. First, since a sustainable development of a nation requires to have
many investments in many fields, paying all of the costs for children’s
education can put more burden on national budgets.
Sen 03. In fact, the governments need to fund properly for many key areas,
such as healthcare, economy, education, which implies that every
citizen should shoulder the responsibility of paying for their children’
schooling fees.

Sen 04. Second, by supporting children’s education, either a part or all of the
costs, the governments could create unfairness to childless people.
Sen 05. This means that they may feel angry or irritated if knowing that their
tax income is not spent on their benefits.
Topic 2. Some believe that more academic subjects such as chemistry, physics and history should be taught in schools,
while others believe that students will derive more benefit from studying practical subjects, such as motor
mechanics and cooking. Discuss both views and provide your own opinion with relevant examples?
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ the question of whether students should learn
academic subjects, such as chemistry, physics and history or
practical subjects, such as motor mechanics and cooking ] has been
Sen 02. Although studying academic subjects is not without advantages,
vocational subjects will be far more considered.

BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a variety of reasons for studying academic subjects.
Sen 02. First, since most graduates expect to land decent jobs down the road,
having access to academic courses is necessary.
Sen 03. In fact, most high-salaried workers are required to have complex
understanding of their disciplines, which can only be achieved if they
have taken academic subjects.
Sen 04. Second, by learning these subjects, students can continue higher
education.
Sen 05. This means that they are armed with fundamental knowledge to do
research or study, which is conducive to human innovations and
developments later.

WRI. 7. CHILDREN/PARENTS
Topic 1. Nowadays children watch much more television than they did in the past and spend less time on active or
creative things. What are the reasons? What measures should be taken to encourage children to spend more
time on active or creative things?
 Words choice.
1- Be highly engaged in: (phr.): Tham gia ở mức độ cao

2- Binge-watch: (pro): Xem liên tục hết cái này sang cái khác
3- Hardly: Hầu như không
4- Mental rewards: (phr.): Phần thưởng tinh thần/Món quà về mặt tinh thần
5- Resort to + V-ing / [s.th]: (pro) = Depend on [s.th]: Phụ thuộc vào …
6- Break a screen habit in children: (pro): Loại bỏ thói quen coi tivi ở trẻ
7- Set a daily limit: (col): Giới han xem hàng ngày
8- Provide fun alternatives: (phr.): Cung cấp những thú vui khác
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ the issue that children are highly engaged in watching
television ] has been receiving a great deal of public attention.
Sen 02. Although this concern can be attributed to a whole host of reasons,
some feasible solutions should be taken into account to address this
problem.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of reasons to explain for screen addiction in
children.

Sen 02. First, since there are thousands of attractive entertaining shows,
movies and music at disposal, they trigger children’s curiosity to
binge- watch all day.
Sen 03. In fact, intriguing motions and contents on TV makes children glue
their eyes on, which also make them lose track of time and forget
other priorities, like studying.
Sen 04. Second, by working with full-time schedules, parents have no choice
but to leave their children with TV for mental rewards.
Sen 05. This means that they hardly find enough time to play with their
offspring, making children resort to watching TV in their free time.

WRI. 8. CRIMES
Topic 1. It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to violence in the media. What do you
think is the reason for a growth in the rate of juvenile crime? What solutions can you offer to deal with this
situation?

 Words choice.
1- Juvenile delinquency: (pro): Tội phạm tuổi vị thành niên

2- Be carefully censored: (pro): Kiểm duyệt cẩn thận
3- Undergoes a thorough censorship process: (pro): Trải qua một quá trình
kiểm duyệt kỹ lưỡng
4- Be allowed: Được cho phép
5- Be posted: Được đăng tải
6- Reduce the exposure of (col.): Giảm tải sự tiếp xúc về/của …
7- Impose strict and severe sanctions/punishments: (pro): Đề xuất hình phạt
nghiêm khắc
8- Social isolated: (col.): Bị cách ly với xã hội
9- Act as a deterrent: (phr.): Đóng vai trò răn đe/ngăn chặn
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. Today, [ the growth of juvenile delinquency ] has been receiving a
Sen 02. Although this problem can be attributed to a whole host of reasons,
some feasible solutions can be taken to tackle that.

BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are some reasons to explain for why more and more today’s
young people are often involved in crimes.
Sen 02. First, since today’s young generation have an excessive exposure to
questionable contents, they tend to imitate violent or offensive
scenes.
Sen 03. In fact, watching too much violent movies or playing brutal games
can trigger aggressiveness among young people, which makes them
be inclined to solve all their conflicts by violence.
Sen 04. Second, by targeting young adults, drug dealers are blame for the
increase of juvenile crimes.
Sen 05. Plenty of evidence suggests that human’s brain is susceptible to the
negative influences of drugs, which shows that buyers, especially
adolescents, often have desire to commit crimes after getting high.
BODY 2. SUPPORTING IDEA

Sen 01. Tuy nhiên, không phải là không có giải pháp khả thi cho vấn đề trên.
Sen 02. Một là, các nội dung luôn phải được kiểm duyệt kỹ lưỡng trước khi
được cho phép phát sóng lên truyền hình hoặc được đăng tải lên
trang mạng xã hội
Sen 03. Rõ ràng, điều này sẽ giảm tải sự tiếp xúc với những nội dung xấu của

thanh thiếu niên, đặc biệt là teenagers, từ đó giảm tỉ lệ tội phạm

trong tương lai.
Sen 04. Thứ hai là, nếu chính phủ cần đưa ra hình phạt nghiêm khắc và chặt
chẽ đối với nan buôn thuốc phiện, tỉ lệ tội phạm tuổi vị thành niên
cũng giảm một cách đáng kể.
Sen 05. Ví dụ, những người buôn thuốc phiện và người mua thuốc phiện sẽ bị
gửi vào tù và chịu sự cách lí với xã hội, điều này hành động như sự
răn đe đối với tất cả mọi người trong xã hội.

WRI. 9. ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION MINDMAP
PROBLEMS.
SOLUTIONS.


Topic 1. It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to violence in the media. What do you
think is the reason for a growth in the rate of juvenile crime? What solutions can you offer to deal with this
situation?
 Words choice.
1- In lieu of: (pro) = Instead of: Phu thuộc vào

2- Inline: (pro): Ủng hộ
3- Straightforward: (adj): Dễ dàng
4- Catalyst: (n): Chất xúc tác
5- Compelling reasons: (phr.): Những lý do thuyết phục
6- Be cited (pro) = Be pointed out: Được nêu ra, được chỉ ra
7- Combat (pro) = Fight against [s.th]: Đấu tranh với …
8- Push [s.th] on the verge of extinction: (pro): Đẩy … đến bờ vực tuyệt chủng
9- Endanger many species: (pro): Gây chết loài
 Essay.
> 1st approach.
Body 1. Find 2 ideas why people agree with coexisting with climate change.
Body 2. Find 2 ideas to go against the above ones.

> Sample.
OPENING.
Sen 01. In recent decades, [ global warming ] has been receiving a great deal
of media attention around the world.
Sen 02. Although the idea of coexistence between climate change and
humans appears plausible, we should find out other practical
approaches to combat climate change in lieu of accepting it in the
long run.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of reasons why some inline to the idea of
coexisting with climate change.
Sen 02. First, since the impacts of climate change are significant, we are not
strong enough to resist the law of nature.
Sen 03. For example, Japan annually suffers from earthquakes, or some of
the Asian coastal countries always annually worry about the typhoon
because of their geographical locations, thus combating climate
change is in vain.
Sen 04. Second, by harnessing the proliferation of technology or erecting

solid buildings, supporters suggest that living with clime change is

straightforward.
Sen 05. For example, geo-storm technology has allowed people to minimize
the most detrimental impacts of severe storms, saving millions of
lives.
> 2nd approach.

Find 4 ideas to go against the idea that people should coexist with climate change.
 Idea 1. Natural disasters will happen more and more
 Idea 2. People face degradation of health
 Idea 3. Lead to the death of species
 Idea 4. Land erosion

> Sample.
OPENING.
Sen 01. In recent decades, [ global warming ] has been receiving a great deal
of media attention around the world.
Sen 02. Although the idea of coexistence between climate change and
humans appears plausible, we should find out other practical
approaches to combat climate change in lieu of accepting it in the
long run.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a whole host of reasons why humans should actively fight
against climate change.
Sen 02. First, since climate change is one of the catalysts for more natural
disasters, humans will suffer unpredictable and unprecedented
consequences.
Sen 03. Obviously, climate change will change the temperature in the air,
which is the core cause of the intensification of storms, tsunamis and
earthquakes, directly threatening lives and property of humans.
Sen 04. Second, coexisting with climate change means that people will face
degradation of health.

Sen 05. For example, excessive warming will lead to the development of
certain skin pathogens, and it is clear that citizens of equatorial
countries like Australia are at high risk for skin cancer because they
receive so many rays of strong ultraviolet, which obviously affects the
well-being of humans.

BODY 2. SUPPORTING IDEAS

Sen 01. Một số lý do thuyết phục khác sẽ được nêu ra để ủng hộ cho việc con
người nên đấu tranh lại biến đối khí hậu thay vì sống chung với nó.
Sen 02. Trái đất nóng lên sẽ đẩy rất nhiều động vật đến bờ tuyệt chủng hoặc
gây chết rất nhiều loài.
Sen 03. Ví dụ, băng tan, rất nhiều động vật như Gấu Bắc Cực sẽ xoay xở để
tìm nơi trú ngụ và thức ăn, điều này là dấu hiệu của việc chuỗi thức
ăn bị ảnh hưởng, và nó sẽ đe doạ trực tiếp lên con người sống cùng
trong một hệ sinh thái.
Sen 04. Thêm vào đó, biến đổi khí hậu sẽ làm băng tan, và điều này dấn đến
tình trạng lấn đất của biển vào đất liền.
Sen 05. Ở các khu vực mà người dân sống ven biển, ví dụ Việt Nam hay The
Philiphines, việc biển lấn đất sẽ khiến người dân mất chỗ ở và mất
đất cho việc sinh hoạt và phát triển kinh tế.

Topic 2. In the future, it seems more difficult to live on the Earth. Some people think more money should be spent on
researching other planet to live, such as Mars. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
 Requirement.
 Words choice.
1- Extraterrestrial life: (pro): Cuộc sống ngoài vũ trụ

2- Imply: (v): Ngụ ý
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. In recent years, [ space projects to find extraterrestrial life ] have
been receiving a great deal of public attention from the community.
Sen 02. Although these programs may appear attractive, the downsides will
be significant.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are compelling reasons why the programs that look for new
planets like the Earth will be meaningless.
Sen 02. First, since the cost of space projects is prohibitively expensive, many

countries will fail to pay them in the long run..

Sen 03. In fact, it will cost millions of dollars for the crew, researchers, and
scientists involved in this field, leading to budget deficits as an
unexpected result.
Sen 04. Second, by making space travel to discover the same terrain as the
earth, many scientists have responded that the chance of success is
very slim.
Sen 05. For example, it takes hundreds of millions of years to bring people to
the nearest planets, like Mars, but there is no guarantee that there is
life, not to mention the life expectancy of people is limited, which
implies that such schemes will offer little returns.

REFERENCE ARTICLE.
Millions of dollars are spent on space research every year. Some people argue that the money should be spent on improving
living standards on Earth. Do you agree or disagree?
I n recent years, there have been more and more countries involved and interested in long-term space projects. Because of
the enormous research expenditures incurred, the value of space projects has been disputed. Some people suggest that
government funding should be diverted toward improving the living standard of ordinary people. In evaluating the merits
of space ambition, one should adopt a broader perspective. The investment in space research can be paid off someday in the
future.
The first reason to support it is that our planet is now facing an unprecedented resource problem, which can be tackled only by
discovering and mining new resources on other planets. The overuse or scarcity of some resources on the Earth is a severe
problem. Rare metals, such as gold or silver, will eventually be depleted, as industrial production expands. These metals and
other natural resources, although rare on Earth, might abound on other planets. In that case, conducting space research is a
promising adventure.

Meanwhile, the world's population is now growing to a stage where there are too many people for the planet to support,
highlighting the need to seek land suitable for people's re-settlement off the planet. Even if new urban developments are able
to accommodate the increasing population, water and electricity supply, waste treatment, sewage disposal and sanitation will
become unmanageable for the capacity of our planet. As there are countless planets orbiting stars throughout the universe,
one can be confident that at least one of them is suitable for our second home planet. Mars, for example, bearing a close
resemblance to the Earth, is considered a potential backup.
In addition to searching for a shelter for future generations, space programs contribute considerably to the well-being of the
Earth in some other aspects. For example, by monitoring the ozone hole, global warming, the loss of rain forests and other
environmental threats to human survival, remote sensing satellites help people trace the recovery from the worst
environmental threats and thereby improve the quality of life. Meanwhile, space research provides a new platform on which
scientists can carry out experiments and make new discoveries in a variety of fields, such as agriculture.
As suggested above, in locating new resources, positioning new settlements, addressing environmental concerns and
facilitating scientific discovery, space research will prove to be not only worthwhile, but also crucial to the survival and
sustainability of human civilization.

WRI. 10. TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY MINDMAP
VOCABULARY.
1. Cutting-edge technology: (pro): Công nghệ tối tân, hiện đại
2. The proliferation of tech enables people to do [ s.th ]: (gra.): Sự tiến bộ của khoa học
công nghệ giúp người ta có thể làm được …
NEGATIVE IMPACTS. POSITIVE IMPACTS.

 Invade one’s privacy (security INDIVIDUALS.
issues) by cybercrimes /  Have access to information  enrich
cybercriminals. knowledge
 Physical problem: radiation =>  Boost work productivity
weaken eyesight.
 Facilitate daily life with a click of mouse
 Psychological problem: internet (e.g. online shopping, communication)
addition / indulgence into the
 Facilitate entertainment (online
virtual world.
games, YouTube).
 A sedentary & isolated lifestyle.
---------------

 Less quality time for family & other NATIONAL.

relationships.  Robotic technology => a prosperous
 Health deterioration. nation.
 Malfunctioning problem (AI) or
warfare.

Topic 1. The technology development has affected social relationships from person to person. Do the positive aspects of
this trend outweigh the negative aspects?
 Requirement. Write Opening., Body 1. and Conclusion.
 Essay.
BODY 2.
Sen 01. Nevertheless, technology advancements argument social relationship
rather than undermine them.
Sen 02. First, since the proliferation of technology has made the
communication among people accessible, users with electronic
devices can keep in touch with people at ease.
Sen 03. It is apparent that they can have a conversation with others through
a touchscreen, which can promote their social behavior and help
them strengthen their social relationships.
Sen 04. Second, by actively joining in social networks, people can seize the
chances to expand their social circle.
Sen 05. This means that it is now possible for them to make friends around
the globe regardless of geographical barriers, which in turn makes
them get socialized.

Topic 2. The range of technology is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. To what extent do you agree?
 Words choice.
1- Allow [s.b] to do [s.th]: (gra.): Cho phép ai làm điều gì đó

2- Create wealth: (phr.): Tạo ra sự giàu có
3- Has been improved drastically: (phr.): Được cải tiến một cách vượt bậc
4- Manpower and resources: (phr.): Nhân lực và vật liệu
5- Boost the economic well-being: (phr.): Thúc đẩy nền kinh tế phát triển
6- The poor (pro) = Poor people: Người nghèo
7- Have access to something at ease: (pro): Tiếp cận cái gì đó một cách dễ
dàng
8- With the support/assistance: (col.): Với sự trợ giúp
9- Keep themselves updated: (phr.): Cập nhật thông tin
10- Acquire skills: Đạt được kỹ năng
 Essay.

Sen 02. Đầu tiên, rõ ràng là bởi vì công nghệ cho phép mọi người tăng hiệu

quả và năng suất, nó sẽ giúp tạo ra sự giàu có hơn bao giờ hết đối với
tất cả mọi người
Sen 03. Với công nghệ hiện đai, tốc độ cao của ô tô được cải thiện một cách
vượt bậc, điều này cho phép nguồn nhân lực và vật liệu được chuyển
giao nhanh chóng, và do đó tăng trưởng kinh tế đã được thúc đẩy.
Sen 04. Hơn nữa, bằng cách sử dụng công nghệ, mọi người, đặc biệt là
những người nghèo hoặc người đến từ các khu vực nông thôn sẽ có
cơ hội tiếp cận giáo dục dễ dàng
Sen 05. Với sự trợ giúp của Internet, những người này giờ đây có thể có được
thông tin cập nhật và quan trọng có thể đạt được các kỹ năng mới ở
đa lĩnh vực, điều này giúp họ phát triển bản thân và tìm kiếm các cơ
hội làm giàu dễ dàng hơn bao giờ hết.

> Individual earning => Online business, YouTube phenomena
> Sharing economy distribute wealth equally among people => In recent years a
number of ride-sharing apps including Uber, Grab, Lyft, Be, Go-Viet and
countless others have sprung up. The established companies provide a

functioning app with high-quality service to meet the growing demands of

this industry

WRI. 11. CONSUMERISM
CONSUMERISM. MINDMAP
CAUSES.
 Higher standard of living -> Buy more
 Advertising with endorsement from celebs -> Induce to buy more
 Mass production -> Wide range of goods but reasonable price
 Population explosion / Baby boom
EFFECTS.
INDIVIDUAL.
 Quality of life is enhanced
 Money wasting
NATIONS.
 Boost national economy -> Create employment

ENVIRONMENT.
 Be detrimental to the environment
 Waste -> Take hundred years to decompose -> Environmental degradation
SOLUTION.
 Encourage green habits of consumption (e.g. Zero waste lifestyle)
Topic 1. Nowadays, many people buy things excessively. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
 Words choice.
1- Allow [s.b] to do [s.th]: (gra.): Cho phép ai làm điều gì đó

2- Meet the soaring demands: (phr.): Đáp ứng nhu cầu đang tăng lên
3- Overproduction: (pro): Sản phẩm dư thừa
4- Whether manufactured or purchased: (phr.): Dù được sản xuất hay được
mua
5- Long-term environmental degradation: (phr.): Sự xuống cấp của môi
trường trong thời gian dài
6- Impulsive customers: Khách hàng mua hàng quài mà không có cân nhắc
nhiều về tiền bạc/nhu cầu

7- Spend beyond their income: (pro): Chi tiêu vượt mức thu nhập
8- Lead them into debt or the mortgage of personal property: (phr.): Khiến
họ mắc phải nợ nần hoặc cầm cố tài sản cá nhân.
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ consumerism ] has been receiving a great deal of public
attention
Sen 02. Although this trend is not without disadvantages, the upsides will
justify these.
Một mặt, chủ nghĩa tiêu dùng điều mà đang gia tăng không liên tục có mang lại
một số lợi ích nhất định. Đầu tiên, vì sản xuất hàng loạt đang tăng trưởng đáng
kể từ xu hướng này, cơ hội việc làm được cung cấp cho mọi người nhiều hơn bao
giờ hết. Trên thực tế, các ngành nghề, như công việc văn phòng hoặc công việc

thủ công, từ các nhà máy và công ty đều có sẵn, giúp mọi người, đặc biệt là người
nghèo, tiếp cận việc làm để tăng thu nhập. Thứ hai, bằng cách đi mua sắm ở mức
độ thường xuyên, mọi người có thể tăng tiêu chuẩn sống của mình. Điều này có
nghĩa là những người có thu nhập thường xuyên, dù ở mức trung bình hay cao,
đều mong muốn làm cho gia đình họ được trang bị đầy đủ hoặc giúp họ thỏa
mãn nhu cầu mua sắm, dẫn đến mức độ hạnh phúc cao hơn
BODY 1.
Sen 01. On the one hand, consumerism which has seen as a unstoppable rise
offers a number of manifest benefits.
Sen 02. First, since mass production is significantly growing from this trend,
job opportunities are provided for everyone more than ever.
Sen 03. In fact, professions, such as office work or manual work, from
factories and companies are available, helping people, especially the
poor, access to employment to increase their income.
Sen 04. Second, by going shopping at a frequent level, people can increase
their living standards.
Sen 05. This means that those with regular income, whether average or high,
have a desire to make their families fully equipped or to help them
satisfy their shopping needs, leading to higher levels of happiness.

Mặt khác, chủ nghĩa tiêu dùng cũng gây ra rất nhiều các hậu quả nghiêm trọng.
Một là, để đáp ứng nhu cầu tăng vọt của khách hàng, các công ty và nhà máy đã
tạo ra quá trình sản xuất hàng loạt, và điều này gây ra sản phẩm dư thừa. Rõ
ràng, hàng hoá, dù là được sản xuất hay được mua, đều trở thành sản phẩm cuối
cùng – rác/chất thải, điều này sẽ gây ra sự xuống cấp môi trường trong thời gian
dài vì các túi nhựa hoặc bao bì đóng gói rất khó để tái chế. Thứ hai là, nếu nhiều
người trở thành impulsive customers, họ sẽ lãng phí rất nhiều tiền bạc. Rất nhiều
người sẵn lòng chi tiêu vượt quá mức thu nhập của họ để mua sắm liên tục mà
không cân nhắc đến nhu cầu thực, điều này dễ khiến họ mắc phải nợ nần hoặc
cầm cố tài sản cá nhân.

Topic 2. In some countries, shopping online is replacing shopping at store. Discuss both the pros and cons of this trend?
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. In many countries, [ online shopping has gained in popularity and
outweighed brick-and-mortar stores ], and this trend has been
Sen 02. Although this development is not without disadvantages, the upsides
will justify these.
Có một số nhược điểm của mua sắm trực tuyến. Đầu tiên, vì khách hàng trực
tuyến không thể chạm và cảm nhận sản phẩm trước khi đưa ra quyết định mua,
họ có thể có được trải nghiệm xấu khi mua sắm. Trên thực tế, nhiều cửa hàng
trực tuyến có khả năng cung cấp các mặt hàng giả hoặc chất lượng thấp với mục
đích tăng lợi nhuận theo cách lừa đảo, dẫn đến sự thất vọng của khách hàng. Thứ
hai, bằng cách đặt hàng và hoàn thành các giao dịch trực tuyến, người mua hàng
sẽ có thể gặp rủi ro là nạn nhân của tội phạm máy tính, chẳng hạn như trộm cắp
ID. Điều này có nghĩa là thương mại điện tử đã trở thành nơi sinh sôi của các tội
phạm công nghệ cao, như tin tặc, khiến thông tin cá nhân của chúng bị xâm

chiếm.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of drawbacks of online shopping.
Sen 02. First, since online customers cannot touch and feel the product
physically before making buying decisions, they are able to gain bad
experiences of shopping
Sen 03. In fact, many online stores are likely to deliver fake or low-quality =
inferior items for the purpose of increasing profits in a deceptive way,
leading to customers’ frustration as a result.
Sen 04. Second, by placing orders and completing online transactions,
shoppers will be able to run the risk of being victimised by computer
crimes, such as ID theft.
Sen 05. This means that e-commerce has been a breeding ground for hi-tech
crimes, like hackers, which makes their personal information invaded.

WRI. 12. LANGUAGES
Topic 1. Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language. Do you think the advantages will
outweigh the disadvantages?
 Requirement. Write Opening., Body 1., Body 2., and Conclusion.
 Words choice.
1- The adoption of a language: (phr.): Sự tiếp nhận một ngôn ngữ

2- The emergence of a language (pro) = The development of a language: Sự
phát triển của một ngôn ngữ

3- A language has embedded cultures, customs: (phr.): Một ngôn ngữ sẽ có

các văn hóa, phong tục tập quán đi kèm
4- A language is considered as a national identity: (phr.): Ngôn ngữ được
xem như bản sắc dân tộc
5- Language barriers: (col.): Rào cản ngôn ngữ
 Essay.
Có rất nhiều thuận lợi rõ ràng khi tất cả mọi người đều nói chung một ngôn ngữ.
Một là, bởi vì ngôn ngữ toàn cầu làm dễ dàng sự giao tiếp giữa mọi người, nó sẽ
cho phép các quốc gia phát triển kinh tế. Trên thực tế, Singapore có thể là một
minh hoạ tuyệt vời cho tình huống này bởi vì nó là một quốc gia nơi mà tiếng anh
được sử dụng như ngôn ngữ chính thống, điều này sẽ mở đường cho những sự
đầu tư nước ngoài thâm nhập vào thị trường này nhờ vào sự giao thương dễ
dàng. Thứ hai, bằng việc thúc đẩy ngôn ngữ toàn cầu, con người có cơ hội làm
giàu tri thức của mình. Rõ ràng, tất cả các tài liệu sẽ được chuyển sang một ngôn
ngữ duy nhất, và điều này sẽ giúp con người đạt được sự hiểu biết rộng ở nhiều

lĩnh vực như là khoa học, toán học, vân vân.

WRI. 13. SPORTS
Topic 1. Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and should be banned. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this view?
 Requirement. Write Body 2., and Conclusion.
 Words choice.
1- Appear plausible: (col.): Nghe có vẻ hợp lý
 Essay.

OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ the question of whether extreme sports, like sky diving
or skiing, should be banned or not ] has been receiving a great deal
of public attention.
Sen 02. Although this prohibition appears plausible in some ways, extreme
sports should be welcomed more.
Một mặt, có một số lý do tại sao các môn thể thao mạnh mẽ nên bị cấm. Đầu
tiên, vì bản chất nguy hiểm vốn có của các loại thể thao này có thể đe dọa tính
mạng, nên nó không được phép cho mọi người. Trên thực tế, những người tham
gia dễ bị tổn thương nghiêm trọng khó lường, chẳng hạn như gãy xương hoặc
chấn thương đầu, có thể gây bất lợi cho sức khỏe thể chất và tinh thần của họ.
Thứ hai, bằng cách tham gia vào các hình thức thể thao xa xỉ này, nó tiêu tốn của
mọi người một khoản tiền lớn. Điều này có nghĩa là phí vào cửa và bảo hiểm rất
đắt đỏ, khiến chúng không phù hợp với tất cả mọi người.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. On the one hand, there are several reasons why vigorous sports

should be banned.
Sen 02. First, since the inherently dangerous nature of these kinds of sports
can threaten lives, it should not be allowed to people.
Sen 03. In fact, participants are prone to suffering from unpredictably serious
injuries, such as bone fractures or head trauma, which can be
detrimental to their physical and mental health.
Sen 04. Second, by taking part in these luxurious forms of sports, people
have to pay a great amount of money.
Sen 05. This means that entrance and insurance fees are prohibitively
expensive, making them unaffordable to all people.
Topic 2. Sport is becoming a business with high income for professionals and more companies have involved in financial
and in other ways. It is a positive or negative development?
 Extensive topic.
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ the business of sports ] has received a great deal of
public attention.

Sen 02. Although this trend is not without disadvantages, the upsides will be
far more significant.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of advantages when sport is a job creator and a
big-league economic driver.
Sen 02. First, since both professionals and companies can reap tangible
benefits, the business of sports is a win- win strategy.
Sen 03. In fact, on the one hand, the business of sport allows players to make
a killing from endorsements or non- official matches, vice versa,
companies also earn a big amount of profits thanks to entrance fees,
advertisements and other services.
Sen 04. Second, by encouraging companies to finance this industry, the
government can release itself from the burden of national budget.
Sen 05. This means that individual companies will replace government duties
in investment and development of the sports sector, both in terms of
facilities and infrastructure, saving a great deal of national budget
which in turn will be harnessed in other key areas for the purpose of
the sustainable development.

BODY 2.
Sen 01. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of this trend should not be
neglected.
Sen 02. First, since individual companies often have unhealthy policies to
benefit themselves, they can make sport matches not transparent.
Sen 03. For example, private companies might resort to sports fraud in order
to reap economic and political benefits, which is unfair to both
players and audiences.
Sen 04. Second, it is a good chance that athletes are prone to serious injuries,
like bone fracture or head trauma, if they are required to play too
many non-official matches, which potentially shortens the lifespan of
their careers.
CONCLUSION.
Sen 01. In conclusion, the negative implications of this trend are by far
significant.
Sen 02. By considering all the pros and cons, the government can find the
best approach to prevent such companies from crossing the line.

WRI. 14. TOURISM
Topic 1. It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environment, such as the South Pole. Do
you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
 Essay.

OPENING.
Sen 01. In recent decades, [ a growing trend towards traveling to remote
natural areas for a variety of purposes ] has been receiving a great
deal of public attention.
Sen 02. Although this trend might be of great concern to many skeptics,
scientists and thrill-seekers should still be encouraged to study and
explore there.
Or
Although this trend is not without disadvantages, the upsides will
justify these.
Có một số nhược điểm nhất định của xu hướng này. Đầu tiên, bởi vì hệ sinh thái
rất mong manh đối với các hoạt động của con người, các điểm phong cảnh có
thể bị ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng khi các thí nghiệm nguy hiểm được thực hiện
trên trang web. Trên thực tế, những người không nhận thức đầy đủ về những nơi
này, họ có thể vô tình làm hỏng các khu vực bằng cách gây ra tiếng ồn liên tục, xả
rác không đúng cách hoặc ảnh hưởng đến các điểm này một cách sai lầm, làm
cho những nơi này mất đi vẻ đẹp tự nhiên vốn có của chúng. Thứ hai, bằng cách
đi đến những vùng xa xôi hẻo lánh, du khách có thể gặp nguy hiểm. Điều này có

nghĩa là nếu khách du lịch không chuẩn bị đầy đủ (không có gì khó khăn), họ có
thể phải chịu đựng nhiệt độ khắc nghiệt hoặc động vật hoang dã, khiến họ bị đe
doạ.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of certain drawbacks of this trend.
Sen 02. First, since the eco-system is fragile to human activities, scenery
spots can be severely affected when perilous experiments are done
on site.
Sen 03. In fact, people with inadequate awareness of these places, they can
inadvertently damage the areas by making noise continuously,
littering improperly or physically affecting these spots in the wrong
way, making these places lose their inherently natural beauty.
Sen 04. Second, by traveling to untouched remote areas, visitors can put
themselves in jeopardy.
Sen 05. This means that if travelers are not sufficiently prepared they can
suffer from the severe temperature or wild animals, leaving
themselves at stake as an unexpected result.
Topic 2. Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not by local people. Why is this the case and
what can be done to attract more local people to visit these places?

 Words choice.
1- Feasible/Workable solutions: (pro): Giải pháp khả thi

2- Should be equipped with [s.th]: (phr.): Nên được trang bị
3- 3D projection technology: (phr.): Công nghệ trình chiếu 3D
4- Arouse/Trigger the curiosity: (pro): Kích thích sự tò mò
5- Enjoy screening: (phr.): Thưởng lãm các màn trình chiếu
6- A lively environment: (phr.): Môi trường sống động
7- A variety of festivals: (phr.): Đa dạng lễ hội
8- Folk festivals or traditional festivals: (phr.): Lễ hội dân gian hoặc lễ hội
truyền thống.
 Essay.
Tuy nhiên, có một số giải pháp khả thi để thu hút để khách địa phương đến với
các viện bảo tàng địa phương. Một là, nếu những nơi này được thiết kế với
phong cách hiện đại, chúng sẽ trở nên hấp dẫn đối với mọi người. Ví dụ, các viện
bảo tàng nên được trang bị với công nghệ trình chiếu 3D, điều này sẽ kích thích
sự tò mò của người dân địa phương, và họ sẽ đến thường xuyên để thưởng lãm
các màn trình chiếu như việc xem phim. Hai là, để tạo ra môi trường sống động,
các quan chức địa phương cũng có thể tổ chức đa dạng lễ hội ở những nơi này.

Rõ ràng, các lễ hội dân gian hoặc lễ hội truyền thống có thể được tổ chức ở các
viện bảo tàng để thu hút dân địa phương, điều này cũng giúp họ hiểu hơn về văn
hoá và truyền thống dân tộc.
WRI. 15. ADVERTISING
Topic 1. The high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising but not the real need of the society
where such products are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 Words choice.
1- The eyewitnesses: (pro): Nhân chứng trải nghiệm tận mắt

2- A fad: (pro): Thời trang/Mốt/Thương hiệu thời thượng
3- Creating a trend of buying-craze: (col.): Tạo ra trào lưu mua không ngừng
nghỉ/mua như điên
 Essay.
> 1st approach
OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ the trend that advertising is the main drive of soaring
sales of goods and inducing consumers to purchase what they do
not actually need ] has been receiving a great deal of public
attention.
Sen 02. Although advertising has the power to entice people to buy
unnecessary things, some other factors will be considered.
Có một số lý do tại sao quảng cáo có sức mạnh để tăng doanh số. Đầu tiên, vì

quảng cáo sử dụng các chiến lược lặp đi lặp lại trên phương tiện truyền thông xã
hội, khách hàng sẽ nhớ các sản phẩm được quảng cáo và cảm thấy được thôi
thúc để mua sắm. Trên thực tế, internet và truyền hình hỗ trợ quảng cáo trong
việc hiển thị hàng hóa với tần suất cao, khiến người tiêu dùng có thể tìm thấy
một cái cớ để mua sắm. Thứ hai, bằng cách trả số tiền lớn cho những người nổi
tiếng để chứng thực/quảng bá thương hiệu, các nhà quảng cáo đã làm dễ dàng
hơn việc mua sắm cho giới trẻ. Điều này có nghĩa là đại diện thương hiệu sẽ thu
hút một lượng lớn người hâm mộ trung thành, những người sẵn sàng chi tiền
mua sản phẩm được quảng cáo bởi thần tượng của họ, dẫn đến cơn sốt mua
hàng.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of reasons why advertisements have the power
to boost sales.
Sen 02. First, since advertising uses repetitive strategies on social media,
customers will remember advertised products and feel prompted to
shop.
Sen 03. In fact, the internet and television support advertising in displaying
goods at high frequency, making consumers able find an excuse to
shop.
Sen 04. Secondly, by paying the large amount of money to celebrities for
branding endorsement, advertisers have made it easier for the
majority of people to go shopping than ever before, especially the

youth.
Sen 05. This means that brand representatives will attract a large number of
loyal fans who are willing to spend money buying products
advertised by their idols, leading to buying craze as a result.
> 2nd approach
OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ the trend that advertising is the main drive of soaring
sales of goods and inducing consumers to purchase what they do
not actually need ] has been receiving a great deal of public
attention.
Sen 02. Although advertising has the power to entice people to buy
unnecessary things, some other factors will be considered.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of reasons why advertisements have a power to
boost sales.
Sen 02. First, since advertising agencies always work to create best-seller
images for newly marketed products, audiences will be tempted to
buy them in the hope that they can thus become one of the

eyewitnesses of a fad.
Sen 03. In fact, advertising, whether in the form of newspapers or videos,
often uses eye-catching and glossy images from celebrities with the
aim of increasing the aesthetics of the products, creating the trend of
buying-craze, especially among the young.
Sen 04. Second, by targeting buyers that are doubtful or worried about
health, advertisers have sought to encourage them buy more.
Sen 05. This means that the ad urgently exaggerates functional products of
malnutrition, physiological weakness in the market, attacking those
who lack knowledge about these areas.

WRI. 16. HEALTH
HEALTH. MINDMAP
PROS.
Individuals The government
 Help poor people => Support those come from  Investing in curing and
impoverished families/those have meagre preventing diseases for
saving access to medical care. the public => Enhance
 Because the cost of medical care is prohibitively the health of the public
expensive/unaffordable to them. => Fewer cases of
treatments are required
 Especially save people lives (especially those
in the future => Save
cannot afford medical fees immediately)
national budget.
 A human basic right => individuals => taxpayers
 Fulfil the responsibility
=> receive (be entitled for) basic human
for its citizens.
services provided from the government.
CONS.
Individuals The government
 Many find it unfair/ groundless because they  Put a heavy burden on

pay tax for others’ health. national budget.

 Be unfair to those hard-working and good-  Individuals and the
hearted citizens because many overexploits government should be
the free healthcare system => their diseases jointly responsible for
can be attributed to poor living conditions this area.
(smoking or drinking).
 Many take it for granted so they do not take
responsibility for their health.
Topic 1. Should healthcare be funded totally by the government for everyone?

 Words choice.
1- Compelling reasons (pro) = Convincing reasons: Lý do thuyết phục

2- The poor (pro) = Poor people: Người nghèo
3- Those coming from impoverished families (pro): Người nghèo = Những
người có hoàn cảnh khó khăn
4- Fail to do [s.th] (pro) = Cannot do [s.th]: Không thể làm …
5- Find [s.th] + /adj/: (gra.): Thấy … có vẻ … (Ex. Find the medical fees
unaffordable = Thấy chi phí y tế không thể chi trả nổi)
6- Medication: (pro): Thuốc chữa bệnh (not medicine)
7- Financial support/aid: Sự hỗ trợ về mặt tài chính

8- Imperative (pro) = Necessary: Cần thiết dữ dội/Siêu cần thiết

9- Be entitled for [s.th]: (gra.): Có quyền hưởng lợi về …
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. Nowadays, [ the question of whether healthcare should be financed
by the government or not ] has been receiving a great deal of public
attention.
Sen 02. Although this trend is not without disadvantages, the upsides will
justify these.
Có một số lý do thuyết phục giải thích tại sao y tế nên được tài trợ hoàn toàn bởi
chỉnh phủ. Một là, bởi vì nhiều người, đặc biệt là người nghèo, không thể chi trả
nổi cho việc chữa bệnh, sự hỗ trợ tài chính của chính phủ trong lĩnh vực này là
cần thiết. Cụ thể, chi phí thuốc thang, điều trị, dịch vụ y tế thì thật sự rất đắt đỏ,

điều này ngụ ý rằng sự giúp đỡ của chính phủ có thể cứu mạng nhiều người. Thứ
hai, bằng cách tài trợ cho chi phí y tế, chính phủ có thể hoàn thành nghĩa vụ của
mình đối với công dân. Điều này có nghĩa là công dân đã trả thuế cho ngân sách
quốc gia, vì vậy, họ có quyền hưởng lợi những quyền dịch vụ cơ bản, trong đó có
ý tế cộng đồng
Topic 2. Doctors should be responsible for educating their patients about how to improve their health. Do you agree with
this?
 Words choice.
1- Hold accountable for (pro) = Be/Take responsible for: Chịu trách nhiệm về
…
2- Tailor advice (pro) = Give advice: Đưa ra lời khuyên
3- Undergo the process of (pro) = Experience: Trải qua một quá trình
4- Trustful = Reliable: Đáng tin tưởng
5- Sources of information: (phr.): Nguồn thông tin
6- Have at least 6 years of academic: (pro): Thuốc chữa bệnh (not medicine)
7- Major: Chuyên ngành
8- Diagnosis: (n): Chẩn đoán

9- Treatment: (n): Điều trị bệnh

10- Search for information: (phr.): Tìm kiếm thông tin
11- Patients: Bệnh nhân
12- Put [s.o] in danger: (gra.): Đặt ai đó vào tình thế nguy hiểm
13- Encounter: (pro): Gặp phải thông tin
14- Misleading information: Thông tin sai lệch
15- Worsen [s.th]: (pro): Làm cái gì đó tệ đi (Ex. Worsen their health situations
= Làm tình trạng sức khỏe của họ tồi tệ hơn)
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. In many countries, [ online shopping has gained in popularity and
outweighed brick-and-mortar stores ], and this trend has been
Sen 02. Although this development is not without disadvantages, the upsides
will justify these.

Có một số nhược điểm của mua sắm trực tuyến. Đầu tiên, vì khách hàng trực
tuyến không thể chạm và cảm nhận sản phẩm trước khi đưa ra quyết định mua,
họ có thể có được trải nghiệm xấu khi mua sắm. Trên thực tế, nhiều cửa hàng
trực tuyến có khả năng cung cấp các mặt hàng giả hoặc chất lượng thấp với mục
đích tăng lợi nhuận theo cách lừa đảo, dẫn đến sự thất vọng của khách hàng. Thứ
hai, bằng cách đặt hàng và hoàn thành các giao dịch trực tuyến, người mua hàng
sẽ có thể gặp rủi ro là nạn nhân của tội phạm máy tính, chẳng hạn như trộm cắp
ID. Điều này có nghĩa là thương mại điện tử đã trở thành nơi sinh sôi của các tội
phạm công nghệ cao, như tin tặc, khiến thông tin cá nhân của chúng bị xâm
chiếm.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. There are a number of drawbacks of online shopping.
Sen 02. First, since online customers cannot touch and feel the product
physically before making buying decisions, they are able to gain bad
experiences of shopping
Sen 03. In fact, many online stores are likely to deliver fake or low-quality =
inferior items for the purpose of increasing profits in a deceptive way,
leading to customers’ frustration as a result.
Sen 04. Second, by placing orders and completing online transactions,

shoppers will be able to run the risk of being victimised by computer

crimes, such as ID theft.
Sen 05. This means that e-commerce has been a breeding ground for hi-tech
crimes, like hackers, which makes their personal information invaded.
Topic 3. Some people think it is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to
prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment for people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
 Requirement. Read and learn.
 Essay.
OPENING.
Sen 01. In recent years, [ the reallocation of national budget to preventive
medicine rather than curative one ] has been receiving a great deal
of public attention.
Sen 02. Compared to treatment for those who are already ill, promoting a
healthy lifestyle is far more important.
BODY 1.
Sen 01. It is definitely more cost effective to place the premium on the

prevention of illness.
Sen 02. First, from an individual perspective, since it is more straightforward
and economical for people to pursue a healthy lifestyle than to seek
treatment for diseases, they will save a lot of money down the road.
Sen 03. In fact, exercising on a daily basis is key to forestall an array of
conditions such as obesity of diabetes mellitus, which in turn
dismisses the need of paying exorbitant amount for treatment.
Sen 04. Second, by practicing preventive care, like alcohol abstinence and
healthy diet, citizens will help build a healthier society.
Sen 05. This means that people will more productive, which facilitates the
economic growth of the country.
BODY 2.
Sen 01. Beside the apparent monetary values, illness prevention is also
supported by a variety of medical facts.
Sen 02. First, since most diseases caused by a sedentary lifestyle are chronic
conditions, the only viable way to be free from such diseases is
preventing them in the first place.
Sen 03. For example, hypertension and Type 2 diabetes are the two of the
most common chronic diseases, affecting billions of people, but both
can be easily prevented by a balance diet.
Sen 04. Second, by promoting a healthier lifestyle as well as providing regular

medical check-up, a number of diseases like cancer can be prevented

before their terminal stages, which results in saving people’s lives.
CONCLUSION.
Sen 01. In conclusion, public money should be used on the consolidation of
public health through encouraging a healthy lifestyle, rather than on
the treatment for the ill.
Sen 02. The government should invest in the prevention of diseases, not in
the cure.

WRI. 17. UPGRADING GRAMMAR TO 7.5+
Gra 1. Alternative ways to say in ‘Causes – Effects’ Questions

 Assuming. A – Causes, B – Effects, A -> B
 Alternative ways.
1- A causes B / A triggers B
2- A contributes to B / One contributing factor for B is A
3- A is responsible for B
4- A results in B
5- A is the chief/primary culprit for B
 Examples.
E.g. 1- The TV is the chief culprit for these emotional disturbances

E.g. 2- Poverty contributes to crimes
E.g. 3- One contributing factor for crimes is poverty

Gra 2. Alternative ways to say ‘As long as’

 Formula. Provided that + S + Verb
 Examples.
E.g. 1- Females can perform military tasks as their male counterparts do,
provided that they are well-educated and well-trained.
Gra 3. Alternative ways to say ‘Important’

 Formula. Be of + adj
1- Be of great benefit: Rất có lợi

2- Be of great value: Rất có giá trị
 Examples.
E.g. 1- Government funding for education is of great benefit to families with

children.

Gra 4. Alternative ways to say ‘Problems - Solutions’

 Assuming. A – Solutions, B – Problems
1- A should be taken/implemented properly to address/tackle B

2- To tackle B, A should be taken properly
3- A is feasible approach to tackle B
4- A is radical solution for B
5- A is reasonable solution for B
 Examples.
E.g. 1- All of these steps should be taken properly to lead to the sustainable
development of a country.
Gra 5. Alternative ways to write Opening and Conclusion

 Collection structures.
1- It has been argued that [ s.th ] has been greatly [ V-3 ] in quite a discernible
way. There certainly are reasons behind this trend, which carries some
major implications.

> Người ta tranh cãi rằng sự phá huỷ của việc các viện bảo tàng được xác định
theo một cách rõ ràng. Có một số lý do đằng sau khuynh hướng này, điều này
sẽ gây ra một số tác động đáng kể.
2- It is clear the recent debate on [ s.th ] does not seem to come to an end
any time soon. Although [ s.th ] does have certain implications on the
status quo and current lifestyles, [ S + V ].
> Rất rõ ràng rằng sự tranh cãi gần đây về sự phát triển của AI chưa bao giờ
đến hồi kết. Mặc dù sự có mặt của AI có một số tác động đáng kể đến tình
hình và lối sống hiện tại, ích lợi của nó vẫn rất đáng kể.
3- It is widely acknowledged that, [ S + V ].

> Được biết từ lâu rằng giáo dục đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong việc làm
thịnh vượng kinh tế quốc gia.
4- There are a number of factors driving [ s.th ].

> Có một nhân tố tác động/thúc đẩy trào lưu văn hoá tiêu dùng của mọi người.
5- Several trends can shed light on [ s.th ].

> Có một vài khuynh hướng có thể làm rõ lý do tại sao chính phủ lại quyết định
đầu tư vào các chương trình phòng chữa bệnh.
6- [ … ], Some of the following preparatory steps [ … ].

> Để giải quyết vấn đề nghèo đói, chính phủ có thể thực hiện theo một vài bước
sau.
7- Gear [ s.o ] towards [ s.th ].

> Để bảo vệ môi trường, chính phủ nên khuyến khích người dân sử dụng các
sản phẩm thân thiện môi trường.
8- [ … ], however, such reasoning is flawed.

> Người ta cho rằng AI sẽ tàn phá cuộc sống con người. Tuy nhiên, lập luận như
vậy là sai lầm.
9- [ … ], their rationale is that [ … ]

> Có rất nhiều lý do thuyết phục tại sao các môn thể thao mạo hiểm nên được
cho phép. Lý do cơ bản đó là chúng được xem như các kỹ nă ng sinh tồn.
10- [ S + V ], and [ THUS + V ].

> These technologies have marginalized physical interaction and THUS MAY
potentially fracture concrete relationships.
11- [ s.th1 ] augments [ s.th2 ] rather than undermines them.

> Sự phát triển của công nghệ thật sự làm gia tăng sự tương tác của con người
hơn là giảm loại phấm chất này giữa người và người.

12- I am convinced that there is further evidence to suggest that [ … ].

> Tôi tin rằng vẫn còn nhiều bằng chứng để thấy rằng con người nên chống lại
biến đổi khí hậu.
13- [ s.th ] exists not to the detriment of something, but rather to their
benefits.
> Sự tham gia của máy tính trong giáo dục không làm tổn hại vai trò của giáo
viên, mà còn có lợi.
14- There are sufficient grounds to reject the view that [ … ]

> Vẫn có đủ bằng chứng để chống lại quan điểm rằng con người nên thí nghiệm
trên thân động vật.
15- It is my genuine belief that [ s.th ] improves going forward, so will [ s.th ]
> Tôi thật sự tin rằng AI sẽ ngày càng phát triển, và các ích lợi của nó cũng vậy.
16- [ s.th ] perfectly exemplifies for this situation.

> Phần Lan là minh chứng cho một giáo dục được tài trợ bởi chính phủ.
17- In light of [ s.th ]

> Trong/Theo dòng sự kiện của nóng lên toàn cầu, nhiều quốc gia đã phát triển
đã phát triển nền kinh tế thấp carbon

18- The resistance against [ s.th ] has been key to + V-ing

> Sự chống lại những thói quen sống không lành mạnh là chìa khoá để phòng
bệnh.
19- The merits can negate the drawbacks.

> Thuận lợi có thể nhiều hơn bất lợi
20- [ s.th.1 ] can act as a precursor to [ s.th.2 ]

> Mức độ thải carbon trong không khí quá nhiều là điềm báo trước cho sự tăng
lên của biến đổi khí hậu.
21- [ s.th.1 ] is to blame for [ s.th.2 ]

> Industrial activities are to blame for air pollution.
22- People should take steps to ensure that something remains at bay.
> Chính phủ nên từng bước giải quyết để đảm bảo lạm phát không tăng
23- [ s.th.1 ] takes precedence over [ s.th.2 ].

> Sự đầu tư vào giáo dục nên được ưu tiên hơn sự đầu tư vào giải trí cộng đồng
24- It is true that [ s.th ] has gained in popularity over the past few decades.

> Có một sự thật rằng du lịch quốc tế đang phổ biến trong những năm gần đây.
25- Although some might suggest [ s.th ] due to their presumably antisocial
effects, the suggestion is groundless and should not be implemented
> Mặc dù một số người đề xuất việc cấm điện thoại nơi công cộng vì những tác
động xấu đã được biết trước của nó, đề xuất này vô cùng vô lí và không nên
được tiến hành.
26- In today’s modern society, a myriad of ................, causing some level of

public controversy.
> Trong xã hội hiện đại, rất nhiều người đã lựa chọn giáo dục online thay vì giáo
dục truyền thống, điều này gây ra rất nhiều tranh cãi.

WRI. 18. IELTS WRITING TASK 1
KEY NOTES
1. Opening: Rewrite/Paraphrase the question/topic sentence.

2. In general, (after opening), need to point out: The Greatest/The Lowest factors.
3. Always compare the relevant between given data (utilizing the comparing structure,
else, the band will be downgrade dramatically).
4. Can (possibly) exclude the conclusion.
PART 1. VOCABULARY OF DESCRIBING TREND
MOVEMENT UPWARDS MOVEMENT DOWNWARDS NO MOVEMENT
> Increase > Decrease > Remain stable

> Go up > Decline > Stabilize
> Climb > Drop > Level off
> Rocket > Plummet > No change
> Rise > Go down > Maintain stable


HIGHEST LOWEST UNDEFINED
> Reach the highest point of > Reach the lowest point of > Fluctuate
> Reach the peak of > Bottom at … % > Fluctuation
> Peak at … % > Reach the lowest of … % > Change constantly
> Reach the highest of … % > Reach a bottom at … % > Vary
> Top at … % > Variation
BIG CHANGE AVERAGE CHANGE SMALL CHANGE LOW CHANGE
> Sharply > Considerably > Steadily > Slightly

> Rapidly > Significantly > Gradually > Slowly
> Steeply > Substantially > Moderately
> Quickly

PART 2. DESCRIBE BY USING PERCENTAGE (%)
CHO CÔNG TY A CHIẾM 10%, VẬY CHỮ CHIẾM ĐÓ ĐƯỢC VIẾT NHƯ SAU
> A had 10% > A made up 10% > A’s segment was 10%
> A accounted for 10% > A took up 10% > A held 10%
> A stood for 10% > A constituted for 10%
*You can use them as present, past or future regarding to the question types

PART 3. USING REPOSITION TO DESRCIBE TREND
1. INCREASE / DECREASE TO …
E.g. Cho A 10% năm 2005, sau đó A tăng lên đến 15% năm 2007 (tức là tăng từ 10%
lên thẳng 15%)
 Increase to 15% from 10%
 A had 10% in 2005. Then, it increased to 15% in 2007
*Can be applied for “decrease to …”
2. INCREASE / DECREASE BY …
E.g. Cho A là 20% năm 2005, sau đó A tăng lên thêm khoảng 5% vào năm 2007 (tức là
2007, A có 25%)
 A had 20% in 2005, then, it increased by 5% in 2007
*Can be applied for “decrease by …”
3. AT … AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE, OR BEFORE THE QUOTATION MARKS “…”
Explain. Phần trăm (%) cũng có thể đi với “at” trong trường hợp đứng cuối câu, hoặc
đi với “stand at” (đứng tại)
 A stood at 10%.
 A hold the first rank in 2005, at 10%.


PART 4. SAMPLE SENTENCES TO DESCRIBE COMPARATION
Type 1. General/Popular Samples
1. S+V
 A tăng lên 20% => A increased to 20%
 B giảm xuống 10% => B decreased to 15%
2. S + V + ADV
 Năm 2007, A tăng nhanh khủng khiếp => In 2007, A increase dramatically /
rapidly / steeply.
3. THERE WAS + A/AN + ADJ + NOUN + OF [ S.TH ]

 Có một sự tăng nhẹ đối với sản phẩm A => There was a slight increase of A
product.
 Có một sự giảm mạnh đối với công ty B => There was a strong decline of
Company B.
Type 2. Comparing Samples
1. Comparative
E.x. Cho A có 30%, B có 70% (tức là A thua B 40%, B hơn A 40%)

 A had 30%, which was 40% lower than that of B

 B had 70%, which was 40% higher than that of A
* Lưu ý: Phải là “that of B” thay vì “than B” vì “that” chính là số phần trăm của B,
mình không so sánh A, B, mình chỉ đang so sánh phần trăm của A và B.
2. INCREASE DOUBLE
E.x.1. Cho A có 40% vào năm 2000. Sau đó, A tăng gấp đôi vào năm 2005.
 A had 40% in 2000. Then, A doubled in 2005.
 A had 40% in 2000. Then, A was double in 2005.
E.x.2. Cho A có 15% và B có 30%

 B has 30%, this was twice as much as that of A.
* Lưu ý: Twice as much không được sử dụng đối với trường hợp tăng lên gấp đôi
của 1 chủ thể.
3. WHILE S + V, S + V
E.x. Trong khi A giảm mạnh vào năm 200 tì B lại tăng đều vào năm 2000.
 While A decreased strongly in 2000, B increased steadily in 2000.
4. RESPECTIVELY
E.x.1. Cho A tăng lên 30% vào năm 2007 và B tăng 60% vào năm 2009

 A and B increased, with 30% and 60% in 2007 and 2009 respectively
E.x.2. A có 6% và B có 9% trong 2008

 A and B were different in their percentage, with 6% and 9% respectively in
2008.

PART 5. VOCABULARY WITH TIME
VIETNAMESE ENGLISH
Năm 2000 In 2000

In the year of 2000
5 năm sau In the following 5 years

In the next 5 years
3 năm liên tiếp In the 3 consecutive years

In the 3 continuous years
5 năm sau (đầu câu) 5 years later,
Trong thời kỳ khảo sát In the surveyed period

In the period given
Trong thời kỳ khảo sát 100 năm In the period of 100 years
In the surveyed period of 100 years
Từ năm 2000 đến 2005 From 2000 to 2005

Between 2000 and 2005
In the period of 5 years from 2000 to 2005

EXERCISES.
Rewrite these sentences.
1. Có một sự tăng lên mạnh đối với xuất nhập khẩu gạo ở Việt Nam.
2. Công ty A giữ 25% năm 2005, điều này nhỏ hơn 45% so với công ty B.
3. Trong khi Nhật Bản tăng mạnh trong sản xuất ô tô trong 10 năm từ 1990 đến 2000, thì Mỹ lại giảm trong lĩnh vực này.
4. Số học sinh Nhật và Trung tham gia câu lạc bộ tiếng anh không cao, với 15% và 20% trong năm 2000 tương ướng.
5. Tỉ lệ sinh của Mỹ giảm mạnh vào cuối năm 2000 (tại 25%).
6. Năm 1999, A giữ 18% và con số này tiếp tục tăng trong 3 năm liên tiếp sau đó, trước khi nó giảm xuống còn 7% vào 2004.
7. Số người ăn pizza của nước mỹ tăng gấp đôi từ năm 2000 đến 2005.
8. Vào giai đoạn còn lại của năm 2002, Trung Quốc chứng kiến sự giảm mạnh về giá trong tất cả các lĩnh vực.
9. Năm 2007, Công Ty B giữ 55% doanh thu, con số này trèo lên 95% vào 2 năm sau một mức tăng rất nhanh.
10. Không một ai sở hữu xe ô tô vào năm 1995, tuy nhiên, 10 năm sau, khuynh hướng sở hữu xe ô tô tăng lên đột ngột và
chiếm 45% trong thời kỳ khảo sát.

WRI. 19. STATE-OF-THE-ART SENTENCES
STRUCTURE
1. Example and Analysis – Exercise.

2. Various ways to express the idea regarding ages, genders, nationality, etc.
PART 1. EXAMPLE & ANALYSIS
1. Topic. The graph below shows the proportion of Internet users aged 25 and over
between 1910 and 2010 in three different regions.
Analysis.
 Step 01. Define the topic’s key words
 Proportion of Internet users aged 25 and over
 Between 1910 and 2010
 Three different regions
 Step 02. Paraphrase

Original Paraphrase
Show Indicate / Illustrate / Present / Describe

Proportion Percentage (%) / Rate / Ratio
Between 1910 and 2010 Over a period of 100 years
Regions Locations / Places / Places
Internet users People using Internet
Aged 25 and over Who are age 25 years and older
 Step 03. Rewrite
The graph illustrates the percentage of people using the internet who are aged
25 years and older over a period of 100 years from 1910 to 2010 in three
different locations
2. Take away.
 Phần lớn đề bài sẽ rất dễ dàng để nhái lại, vì các chủ đề quen thuộc như: tiêu
dùng, hoạt động, tỉ lệ sinh, dân số, etc. chúng ta hoàn toàn có thể chuẩn bị
những chủ đề này.
 Trường hợp đề quá khó, chỉ cần nhái chữ “show” và “thời gian” cũng đủ để có
0.5 rồi nhé.
3. Exercises.
 The line graph below shows changes in the amount and type of fast food

consumed by Australian teenagers from 1975 to 2000.

*Fast food = Convenient food = Junk food = Pre-prepared food
 The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four
European countries.
*Goods = Merchandise = Commodity = Items
 The graph below shows information on employment rates across 6 countries

in 1995 and 2005.
*Employment = Labor = Worker = People working
 The chart shows the number of mobile phones and landlines per 100 people
in selected countries.
 The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and
women of different employment status from 1990 to 2000.
*Leisure time = Pastime = Free time; By men and women = By genders
PART 2. VARIOUS WAYS TO EXPRESS AN IDEA IN TASK 1
A. AGES.
 Individuals.

He is 10 years old = He is 10-year-old.

= He is aged 10.
 More than 1 person.
The children in the class are all 10 years old.
= It is a class of 10-year-olds (or “10-year-old children”).
= The children in the class are all aged 10.
 Age groups.
The chart shows the preferred hobbies of children (who are) between 10 and 12 years old.
= The chart shows the preferred hobbies of 10-to 12-year-olds (or “10-to-12-year-old children).
= The chart shows the preferred hobbies of children aged 10 to 12.
B. GENDERS.
 Male & Female can be noun or verb and applied for any ranges of age.
The number of male aged 44.
= The number of male children is 44.
 Men & Women can only be used for Adults, cannot be applied to describe Children.
 Boys & Girls can only be used for Children.

C. COUNTRY - NATIONALITY.
COUNTRY NATIONALITY
Canada Canadian
America / The United State (U.S.) Americans
Spain Spanish
England / The United Kingdom / Britain English / British
Italy Italian
Germany German
Mexico Mexicans
Vietnam Vietnamese
China Chinese
Japan Japanese
Korea Korean
Sweden The Swedish
Ireland The Irish / Irish people
Tip 1. You can rewrite “different countries” (for e.g. 3 countries) by using: 3 different countries such as / namely
Vietnam, Britain and India.
Tip 2. Never forget using “the” in front of “US -> the US”, “UK -> the UK”

Tip 3. Some samples while writing about countries:

 The number of elderly people in the US rose …
 Canada saw a rise …
 The figure for Australia rose …

D. POPULAR NOUNS – ENHANCE VOCABULARY.
INTERNET USERS
 People who used the Internet

 The Internet users
 People who accessed to the Internet
UNEMPLOYMENT
 People who are unemployed

 People who are jobless
 The percentage of unemployment
 Unemployment rate
 People without job
 People who are in jobless situation
 Level of joblessness
THE POOR

 Poverty rate
 People who are very poor
 Poor people
 People who live in poverty
 People who live under poverty line
BUSINESS
 Sales = Turnover
PER …
 Per capita = Per person

 Annual = Per year = Yearly
 Per week = Weekly = Each week
EXPENSE
 Spending = Expenditure
 Be spent on = Be allocated for = Pour money for
= Be expended for = Be paid out for
 Spender = Consumer

TRANSPORTATION
 Passenger = People who use … = People using …

 Who use cars = Who driving to
= The number of car / bus / train commuters
 People who ride bicycle = People who cycle to …
= The number of cycling commuters
 The number of rail passengers

EXERCISES.
Rewrite these sentences.
1. Số người sử dụng Internet tăng cao tại Pháp nhưng lại giảm tại Canada trong 3 năm liên tiếp từ 1990 đến 1993.
2. Có một sự tăng lên mạnh đối với hành khách đi tàu lửa tại London năm 1995, khuynh hướng này tiếp tục tăng trong 5
năm tiếp theo.
3. Tổng chi tiêu của dân Mỹ vào mặt hàng đồ chơi tăng rất mạnh, tuy nhiên, công dân nước này tỏ ra ít thú vị vào việc trả
tiền cho các sản phẩm thời trang.
4. Tỉ lệ nghèo đói tại các nước kém phát triến và các nước đang phát triển đang ở tại mức độ đáng báo động.
5. Tỉ lệ sinh đạt mức 65% tại Mỹ và đây được xem là con số cao nhất được ghi lại trong thời kỳ khảo sát.
6. Số phụ nữ thất nghiệp tại Anh hơn gấp đôi so với số phụ nữ thất nghiệp tại Pháp trong những năm 1990s. Người ta đưa
ra dự đoán rằng dữ liệu cho nước Anh vẫn sẽ tiếp tục tăng cho đến năm 2030. Đây là một kết quả không mong muốn.

WRI. 20. VERTICLE STRUCTURE FOR LINE – BAR – PIE & TABLE
INSTRUCTION
1. According to the graphs, list out the figure vertically

2. Select and compare the selected figure
TYPE 1. BAR CHART


 Topic 1. Numbers of passengers who used public transport in Somewhere town from 2012 to 2015.
 Analysis. Bài này nói về số hành khách di chuyển bằng các phương tiện khác nhau ở Somewhere town.
 Xác định loại thì: Quá khứ đơn – từ 2012 đến 2015.
 Xác định chủ ngữ: The number of passengers.
 Xác định đơn vị: Thousand people.
 Let’s do it.
Step 01. Word choices
1- 3 million passengers used bus.

2- The number of people going by bus was 3 million.
3- There were 3 million people going by bus.
4- There were 3 million bus passengers.
5- Passengers = Commuters = Travelers = Goers = [ Transportation ] + catchers
6- Commute = Travel = Go = Catch
Step 02. Verticle Data
2012 2013 2014 2015
Tram 23 26 52 98

Bus 52 35 73 60
Train 76 15 33 62

Analysis.
2012 2013 2014 2015 Describe
Tram 23 26 52 98 Tăng mạnh

Bus 52 35 73 60 Tăng nhưng biến động
Train 76 15 33 62 Giảm
Step 03. Rewrite

 Simple. Overall, the number of Tram and Bus passengers showed an upward trend, that of Train showed a downward
trend.
 Academic. Overall, Tram and Bus gained in popularity. Meanwhile, a reverse pattern was seen to Train.
Step 04. Group Data
2012 2013 2014 2015 Describe
Tram 23 26 52 98 Gộp với Bus vì có xu hướng tăng.

Nêu năm đầu và năm cuối.
Bus 52 35 73 60 Nêu năm đầu, năm 2012 (thấp
nhất) và năm 2014 (cao nhất).
Train 76 15 33 62

 Paragraph 1. Tram & Bus

In 2012, 52 thousand people used Bus, which was over twice as much as that of Tram. 3 years later, Tram became the
most prevailing=popular means of transportation to commuters when its figure experienced an unprecedented rise (=
soared) to 98 thousand, making it top the list. At the same time, the number of Bus passengers quite fluctuated. It
dropped significantly to 35 thousand in 2013 before reaching the peak of 73 thousand in 2014. However, this number
fell to 62 thousand at the end of the survey.
 Paragraph 2. Train
In 2012, most of the people travelled by Train, at 76 thousand people. A striking feature is that this number then lost
momentum and plunged to its rock bottom at 15 thousand. From 2014 to 2015, the number of train commuters
rebounced, from 33 thousand to 62 thousand respectively.

 Topic 2. Average monthly expenditure by British households.
 Analysis. Bài này nói về tiền hàng tháng mà người Anh phải chi vào các lĩnh vực khác nhau.
 Xác định loại thì: Quá khứ đơn – từ 1990 đến 2010.
 Xác định chủ ngữ: Người Anh
 Xác định đơn vị: Pounds.

 Let’s do it.
1- 200$ was spent on foods by the British.

2- British people spent 200$ on foods.
3- Food cost 200$ of the British.
4- The amount of money that the British spent on foods was 200$.
5- The British paid 200$ for foods.
Step 02. Verticle Data & Analysis
1990 2000 2010
Utility bills 70 90 150 Increase

Transport 170 220 250 Increase
Rent 450 520 600 Increase
Entertainment 110 110 100 Decrease
Groceries 310 320 325 Increase
Step 03. Rewrite

 Simple. Overall, Rent cost most of the money/budget of British. Meanwhile, a reverse pattern was seen to
Entertainment = British paid the least for Entertainment.
 Academic. Overall, The amount of money paid by the British for all fields such as Utility Bills, Transport, Rent,
Groceries increased = showed an upward trend, with an exception for Entertainment.
Step 04. Group Data

 Paragraph 1.
Group 1 1990 2000 2010 Big figures
Rent 450 520 600 Increase

Groceries 310 320 325 Increase
Group 2 1990 2000 2010 Other figures
Utility bills 70 90 150 Increase

Transport 170 220 250 Increase
Entertainment 110 110 100 Decrease
In the year of 1990, Transport cost 170 pounds of British, which was over twice as much as that of Utility Bills. In 2010,
two areas became costly, and British spent out 250 pounds and 150 pounds of their budget on them respectively.
By contrast, the spending on Entertainment was 100 pounds monthly. This number fell by 10 pounds at the end of the
timescale surveyed. (It indicates that Entertainment was less interested by British people).


TYPE 2. PIE CHART
 Topic 1. The pie charts below show recycling in Sydney, Melbourne & Worldwide.
 Analysis. Bài này nói về việc tái chế 3 vật liệu khác nhau tại 3 khu vực khác nhau.
 Xác định loại thì: Hiện tại đơn (vì không có năm).
 Xác định chủ ngữ: Recycle …
 Xác định đơn vị: Percentage (%).
 Let’s do it.

1- Recycled plastic accounted for 50% in America.

2- America recycled plastic at 50%.
3- The percentage of recycled plastic accounted for 50% in America.
4- Recycle = Reuse = Reprocess = Reclaim = Recover = Upcycle = Salvage
Worldwide Sydney Melbourne
Plastics 34 40 21
Glass 11 38 55
Paper 54 22 34
*Note. Thường nếu Pie charts có quốc gia và đối tượng cùng 1 lúc, mà lại không có dữ liệu thời gian, thì chúng ta ưu tiên
làm theo đối tượng. Ngoài ra, khi nhìn vào biểu đồ được liệt kê số ra, chúng ta tập trung vào đặc điểm nổi bật nhất hoặc
kém nổi bật nhất để làm phần Overall.
Step 03. Rewrite

 Paper is recycled the most in the world, meanwhile, Melbourne pays much attention to reprocessing Glass, and Plastic
is the strength of Sidney in the field of recycling waste..
Step 04. Group Data – Flexible, no need to be selective as Bar chart.

 Paragraph 1. Paper & Glass
The share of recyled paper tops the list in the world, at 54%, which is 30% larger than that of Melbourne. A bottom
position belongs to Sidney, with 22% paper reused.
As regard to Glass, Melbourne recyled this type of waste at 55%, followed by 38% of Sidney for this sector. Meanwhile,
just over one in ten of glass is reused in the world.
 Paragraph 2. Plastics
The proportion of Plastic put into the recycling process holds the lion’s share in Sidney, at 40%, which is over twice as
much as that of Melbourne. Interestingly, 34% of plastics is recycled in the world, making it become the second rank
compared to the other regions.

 Topic 2. Mixture.
 Analysis. Bài này có 3 biểu đồ, là 3 câu chuyện khác nhau. Biểu đồ 1 nói về dân số thế giới, Biểu đồ 2 nói về tiêu dùng thế
giới vào các lĩnh vực khác nhau. Biểu đồ 3 nói về lượng tiêu thụ vào các nguồn tài nguyên.
 Xác định loại thì: Hiện tại đơn (vì không có năm).
 Xác định đơn vị: Percentage (%).

 Let’s do it.

World World Consumption

population speding of resources
Europe 14 Food 24 Other 40

America 14 Clothing 6 USA & Europe 60
Africa 10 Housing 12
Asia 57 Transport 18
Other 5 Other 40
Step 03. Group Data

 Paragraph 1. World population
As regards world popultion, Asia tops the list, at 57%, which was 43% higher than those of Europe and Americans. The
rate of population accounts for 10% in Afria, making it hold the third rank. Meanwhile, Other takes up a minority of
5%.
 Paragraph 2. World spending

When it comes to world spending, food constitutes 24% of people’ expenditure, which is over a half lower than that
of other. The segments of housing and transport make up over a quarter (30%). Meanwhile, Clothing costs the least
money of people, never coming to 10%.
 Paragraph 3. Consumption of resources

With respect to the consumption of resources, The USA and Europe burned most of the fuels and resources around
the world, at 60%. Obviously, the rest of 40% belongs to other regions.

WRI. 21. COLLECTION OF TASK 1 & TASK 2
Nowadays, there is a trend that reports of media focus on problems and

emergencies rather than positive development. Some people think it is
harmful to individuals and to society. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

I n recent decades, the press and news channels have had the habit of prioritizing bad news over positive developments.
Although this trend is the inherently nature of the media, its adverse effects on individuals and society deserve
consideration.
There are a number of reasons why the media are so eager to developments, which allows the media to feed their
jump on ill news. First, since the public have an affinity to audiences a constant stream of news. For example,
problems or emergencies articles; it is thus the best way for conducting an article or a broadcast on a traffic accident
reporters to attract a myriad of readers. In fact, humans are requires less effort as well as specialized knowledge than
biologically hard-wired to react more intensively with dangers reporting a scientific breakthrough.
or bad news, which induces them to seek for these hot Nevertheless, the rampancy of bad news on the media is
scoops in newspapers. Second, reporting negative detrimental to the public as a whole. First, from an individual
information is actually more straightforward than positive perspective, if the press draws up a daunting reality with

through its pages and broadcast, people will be discouraged society perspective, by allowing the availability of negative
to leave their comfort zone. For example, more and more stories, the media is to blame for the escalating distrust
parents are opting for home schooling in fear of their children between people. In fact, ill news causes people to be
being abused in public institutions, deriving the chance of skeptical of each other, which hinders their social bonds.
interpersonal interactions of their offspring. Second, from a
In conclusion, although the press and news channels are entitled to deliver problems and emergencies stories, this trend
proves detrimental to individuals and society as a whole. The media should revise with care which piece of news is worth
reporting.
- Written by Phan Quynh

Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down.
Others however believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild
animals. Discuss both opinions and give your own opinion?

In recent years, there has been ongoing concern about the mistreatment of wild animals in zoos. Notwithstanding the claim
that these facilities offer safe havens and promote the conservation of wildlife, zoos in fact are a form of animal cruelty and
should be discontinued.
There are a variety of reasons for people to believe that the Nevertheless, there are a myriad of drawbacks to keeping
existence of zoos is conducive to the protection of wild wild animals in zoos. First, since the original purpose of these
animals. First, it is apparent that zoos can bring otherwise facilities is to entertain the curious citizens, they have no
exotic animals closer to urban inhabitants, which raises their regard to ensuring the animals’ well-being. For example,
awareness of wildlife conservation. In fact, establishing zoos from a human perspective, a cage means safety and food
is a simple and effective way to convey messages about the being delivered on a daily basis, but to a bald eagle that has
environment to the city dwellers, galvanizing them to the spent most of its life in the air, it is only bitter imprisonment.
cause of protecting these animals. Second, by organizing Second, the change of habitat as well as being on display for
fund raisers and attracting benefactors, zoos can channel a myriad visitors subject these animals to stress, which
great deal of money into the safeguarding of wild animals. negatively affects their physical health. In fact, animals held
These funds can be used to invest in reproduction or in captivity are reported to have various health issues and
relocation programs for endangered species, helping them to have lower desire to reproduce, which is actually detrimental
escape extinction and hopefully thrive in number down the to their conservation.
road.

In conclusion, although the press and news channels are entitled to deliver problems and emergencies stories, this trend
proves detrimental to individuals and society as a whole. The media should revise with care which piece of news is worth
reporting.

Environmental protection is the responsibility of politicians, not

individuals because individuals can do too little. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

In the last decade, there has been ongoing argument that politicians should take responsible for the protection of
environment, since individuals are powerless to make a change. Although political figures should place a premium on
environmental protection, individuals are to jointly share this burden.
There are a number of reasons to believe that politicians Nevertheless, individuals are set to shoulder the burden of
play a crucial role in mitigating pollution. First, since environmental protection in tandem with politicians. First,
environmental degradation is caused by heavy since they are the building blocks of society, the common
industrialization, only the government has sufficient citizens are the driving force needed for every
authority to hold these factories accountable. For transformation. In fact, any environmental movement,
example, by imposing environmental taxes on industries regardless of its scale, requires the support of the public,
which are consuming a great deal of fossil fuel, the state which means that individual involvement is imperative for
can curb their carbon emission and force them to use every significant victory in the war on pollution. Second,
renewable energy. Second, only the government can individuals are the most vulnerable before environmental
organize and finance environmental movements at a large degradation, which implies that they should be at pole
scale, which proves to be much more impactful than position to combat it. This means that pollution puts people
individual’s effort. In fact, since no single citizen can lives in jeopardy, inducing them to make a stand and protect
attract enough funds as well as support for a significant the environment in which they dwell.
change without political aid, their endeavor may be in
vain.

In conclusion, although political initiatives are of paramount importance to environmental protection, public support is not to
be overlooked. Politicians and individuals should join forces for the betterment of the environment.

Students should be taught academic knowledge so that they can pass

exams, and skills such as cooking, or dressing should not be taught. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nowadays, some people inquire the necessity of non-academic skills like cooking or dressing in schools’ curriculums, stating
that children should place a premium on academic subjects for passing exams. Although concentrating solely on these subjects
is not without advantages, the teaching of myriad other skills deserves consideration.
There are a number of benefits to completely directing Nevertheless, the escalating importance of non-academic
students’ attention to academic subjects. First, since these skills is not to be neglected. First, since employers seek good
subjects provide fundamental knowledge and act as a workers with a wide range of talents, students who have
backbone for any academic pursuit, they are much more dabbled in various skill courses are at preponderant
conducive to these students down the road. In fact, as the positions. For example, the challenges one faces in a cooking
world drastically shifts to a knowledge-based economy, class, such as time management and stress handling, is
qualifications in these academic fields will allow students to comparable to the actual workplace, which help these
land decent jobs with handsome salaries. Second, since these students to perform better in their jobs down the road.
soft skills, like cooking or dressing can be taught at home, Second, by taking these courses, some students may end up
there is no need to include them in schools’ curriculums. This finding their callings. In fact, since tertiary education is not
means that such skills can and should be taught outside of for everyone, some youngsters can opt for vocational
schools, which helps students to produce better results due training after one of these skill courses, which may enable
to the reduction of mandatory subjects. them to make a living without spending four years of college.
In conclusion, notwithstanding their original purpose of teaching academic subjects, schools should adopt various skill courses
to give students an array of choices. There are many paths to success, not all of which are in the academic fields.


Some people feel that manufacturers and supermarkets have the

responsibility to reduce the amount of packaging of goods. While others
argue that customers should avoid buying goods with a lot of packaging.
Discuss both the views and give your opinion.

In the last decades, environmental degradation caused by the excessive use of goods packaging has been a pressing problem.
Although some advocate the idea that suppliers should reduce the amount of packaging they use, it is believed that the
customers hold the key to solve this conundrum.
There are a number of reasons why people urge Nevertheless, consumers’ involvement is a prerequisite for
manufacturers and retailers to reduce the use of plastic goods to be packaged in a more environmentally friendly
containers. First, since they are in control of production way. First, since the market is driven by the demand of
rather than the customers, they should take the initiative. In customers, they play an important role in reducing the
fact, unless producers switch to more environmentally amount of packaging produced. In fact, if they choose to only
friendly alternatives, consumers have no other choice but to consume products with natural packaging like paper bags,
keep using products with plastic wrappings. Second, being at manufacturers and supermarkets will be forced into using
the supplying end, factories and supermarkets are in pole these alternatives. Second, being the most vulnerable before
positions to make significant changes. This means that by the effects of environmental degradation, people have the
cutting down on goods packaging, suppliers may be the motivation to combat it rather than the suppliers. In fact,
catalyst for an unprecedented improvement in the goods packaging will always pollute the customers’ living
protection of the environment. environment, inducing them to opt for environmentally
friendly alternatives.

In conclusion, although some people place the responsibility of reducing goods packaging on manufacturers and supermarkets,
the deciding factor lies in the hands of customers. They are to shop sensibly to protect the environment in which they dwell.

Some say that sports play an important role in society. Others think it is
nothing more than a leisure activity. Do you agree or not?

In recent years, it is true that sport plays an integral part in our lives. Although many people believe that the practice of sport
only brings recreational values, sport is far more than a luxury or a form of entertainment.
Sport has always been the exercises to foster individual In addition, it is true that sport is also of great benefits to
physical and mental development. First, by regularly doing society as a whole. First, sport and physical activities provide
sports, either indoor or outdoor ones, people can maintain one of the most cost-effective forms of preventative
their health. In fact, sports activities, such as gym or jogging, medicine. This means that participation in sport contributes
can enhance metabolism of the body in a proper way and to people’s ability to lead long and healthy lives, resulting in
strengthen the immune system, which helps prevent the potential to dramatically cut healthcare costs of a nation.
diseases and lower risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Second, sport is considered as an international language as it
Second, sport helps players build their social skills. For brings people together in a way that can cross boundaries
example, athletes are required to have strong team spirit, and break down barriers. For example, Olympic opens the
effective cooperation and respect when playing team sports door for everyone, not only for athletes but also for global
like football or volleyball, which in turn not only are citizens, to show their patriotism by passionately cheering up
conducive to their working skills in a larger context like their teams, and to gain deeper understanding about the
workplace, but also make them get socialized. culture in every host country.
In conclusion, sport makes significant contributions to both people and society in different ways. By acknowledging its
important role, governments can find ways to promote this activity to their people.

In the modern world, people are no longer necessary to use food from
animals or products from animals such as medicine and clothing. Agree
or disagree?

It is clear that the recent debate on whether people still need animal-related products, such as foods or medicine does not
seem to come to an end any time soon. Although most supplies from animals have been acknowledged as necessary in
human’s life, other alternatives should be considered beneficial.
There are a number of reasons why switching to use other In addition, human should care for the animal well-being as
products rather than exploiting animals is imperative. First, there are many clear ethical arguments against animal
since foods made of animals are not healthy, consuming exploitation. First, it is immoral and inhumane when making
them can put human’s health in jeopardy. In fact, animal animals suffer or even die, either killing or hurting them for
flesh is loaded with contaminants, antibiotics, hormones and medicine or clothes. This means that such actions go against
a host of toxins which can cause serious health problems a civilized society and human’s moral values when we either
such as food poisoning or allergic reaction. Second, by abuse or infringe upon animal rights, leading to unfairness to
avoiding meat and eating whole-food, plant-based diet , other living creatures. Second, preventing humans from
people can have better health Plenty of evidence suggests hunting animals for products, to some extent, is a way to
that fruits and vegetables offer vitamins, minerals and other preserve the environment. It should be noted that the
nutrients which may help reduce the risk of many diseases, extinction of any animal species is irreversible, coming at a
including heart disease and some types of cancer. great cost to the ecosystem and apparently humans living
within it.

In conclusion, reducing the consumption of the products from animals is conducive not only to human, but also to the
environment. By raising awareness of people about the benefits of becoming less reliant on animals’ products, they can lead a
better life now and down the road.

Some students prefer to take a year off between school and university,
to work or to travel. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages?

In recent years, a gap year between high school and university has become a popular alternative among many young people.
Although this trend is not without advantages, the downsides would be more significant.
There are several merits of that trend. First, since many Nevertheless, the demerits of this trend should be more
adolescents are undecided about their future, either in considered. First, while taking a gap year can be a refreshing
subject choice or career path, a year off allows them to have break from nonstop academic pursuit, many students find it
some more time to ascertain the right long-term decisions. In difficult to get back into schedule and regain the studying
fact, high school leavers can get many kinds of part time jobs momentum. For example, one might be more reliant on
in that year to gain experience about working environment, earning money to satisfy his thirst for purchasing stuff such
which can give them a hint about the profession they want to as cars or technological devices, and, as a result, he will be
do later and motivate them to enter higher education as a willing to end the path of tertiary education for that reason.
result. Second, by travelling to many places after finishing Meanwhile, going to the university can help students earn
high school, the young can have many chances to broaden handsome salaries later as competitive jobs, such as
their horizons, either with people or with cultures. Plenty of designers or doctors, always require academic knowledge.
evidence suggests that such experiences are conducive to the Second, travelling in a gap year can be an expensive
youth’ maturity and social skills before going to the endeavor to many young adults, especially students coming
university life where they might live independently. from families with meagre income as it costs them a lot,
ranging from transport to foods and accommodation during
a long time.

In conclusion, the disadvantages of taking a gap year after high school are too overwhelming compared to, they are otherwise.
Young people should also consider their own expectation to make the best decision.

Some people believe that the best way to increase road safety is to
increase the minimum legal age for driving cars. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

Recently, the debate of whether or not increasing the minimum legal age of driving cars or riding motorbikes is the best way to
save people from traffic collision has been receiving a great deal of public attention. Although this suggestion is aimed to help
people be better off, other workable solutions should be considered.
There are a number of reasons why this suggestion is not an Nevertheless, there are a myriad of other solutions to
effective way for the situation as a whole. First, teenagers are increase road safety. First, it is vitally important to educate
not the main cause of road traffic accidents because they people properly before they start to drive. This means that
occur for a variety of reasons, including distraction while schools can provide extended lessons or more difficult
behind the wheel, drunk driving, unsafe road design, which driving tests, which prepares young adults with better driving
could happen to anyone, not just teenagers. Therefore, skills. Second, improving road infrastructure and
limiting teenage drivers on the road may just have a meagre transportation systems is also considered as a feasible
impact on the road safety. Second, the sooner people learn solution. For example, stoplights, stop signs and road bumps
how to drive, the better drivers they become. In fact, if they can be used wherever appropriate in order to curb speeding,
get older and are busier, they will be more likely to have less allowing different commuters, including drivers, cyclists and
time to hone their driving skills, which could potentially pedestrians, to travel in safety.
reduce road safety.
In conclusion, raising the minimum legal age of driving for road safety should not be considered as the ultimate way. By
applying other measures, such as increasing road users' knowledge of rules and driving skills, improving road infrastructure
and enforcing compliance with standards, governments can make the situation better.


More and more people want to own famous brands of cars, clothes, and
other items. What are the reasons for this? Is this a positive or negative
development?

Nowadays, pursuing a materialistic lifestyle by possessing products from well-known brands has gained in popularity. There
are several reasons for this, and it should be deemed as a negative trend.
Luxurious products can offer many privileges which generic This trend should be seen as a negative development. First,
ones cannot. First, since reputable brands provide top-notch the practical benefits brought by luxurious brands are not
items, consumers are willing to pay higher prices for them. worth their prohibitively expensive price tags. In fact, the
For example, compared to low-end brands, the superior difference in quality and functions between luxury and mass
quality offered by brand-name shoes, like Nike and Adidas, is brands is barely noticeable, which means that paying such
likely to satisfy their customers more. Second, owning high- premium prices to own famous brands is unnecessary.
end items is a means to fulfil the needs for recognition and Second, money spent on brand-name products can be used
acknowledgment of some people. This means that for many for other more important concerns. For example, by cutting
people, especially juveniles, famous brands stand for high spending on famous brands, they will have more budget to
social status, and possessing them helps the owners invest in areas such as their education, healthcare and
command respect from others. retirement funds, which greatly improves their quality of life.
In conclusion, leading a luxurious lifestyle should be considered as an unfavorable development because the benefits it offers
hardly justify the extra money, which should be spent on more significant improvements to our life.


The world of work is changing rapidly. Working conditions today are

not the same as before and people no longer rely on taking one job for
life. Discuss the possible causes for these changes and give your
suggestions for how people should prepare for work in the future?

It is obvious that the world of work has changed drastically over time and led to the instability in employment. Although these
changes have happened for some reasons, workers can prepare themselves to better adapt to new labor markets.
There are a number of reasons why the working environment There are many ways for workers to respond to the changing
and job market are undergoing dramatic changes. First, since nature of work. First, employees need to take more
technological progress enables firms to automate some parts responsibility for keeping their skills and experience up to
of their production process, workers may be more likely to date, so that they can stay relevant for the employment
become unemployed. In fact, robotics and automation are market. For example, the advent of artificial intelligence and
changing the labor market as they get manual work done automation means that the job market will favor workers
faster than humans can, threatening the need for human with computer science or engineer degrees more than
labor. Second, the social contract between employers and manual ones. Second, people should adopt the new mindsets
employees, where employees made a life-long commitment and attitudes to better adapt to the changes in working
to their companies in exchange for job security and stable environment, because they are inevitable. This means that
income, is disappearing. This means that companies today instead of slowly working their way up in the same
have a tendency to lay off their middle-aged employees to organization, workers should get ready for changes by
cut costs in difficult times, whereas many young graduates building up their knowledge and skills to compete for new
may consider job hopping as a quick way to develop their positions in the job market.
career.

In conclusion, the technological advances and the end of the social contract are the reasons behind the macro shift in the
world of work. By equipping themselves with relevant skills and appropriate mindsets, workers can better prepare for their
future work now and down the road.

In some countries, small town-Centre shops are going out of business

because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result,
people without cars have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may
result in an increase in the use of cars. Do the advantages of this
development outweigh the disadvantages?

In recent years, the rise of large-sized out-of-town shopping centers that directly influence small stores in towns has been
receiving a great deal of public attention. Although this trend is not without advantages in some aspects, the downsides will
outweigh these benefits.
On the one hand, the change in shopping patterns is deemed On the other hand, there are great drawbacks of this
as a positive trend. First, since these large commercial development. The first one is that an increase in the demand
centers are built on the outskirts of town, shoppers may find for using cars is inevitable as there are more people, who do
it easier to access than those in metropolitan areas which are not own private vehicles, want to have access to these out-
often congested. In fact, terrible traffic jams in the cities are of-town malls. This results in problems on the periphery of
not uncommon, which discourages potential buyers as it cities, such as increased traffics and air pollution. The next
takes them a great deal of unnecessary time for this activity. issue is that many workers from town-Centre stores will be
Second, by making a purchase in out-of-town shopping malls, out of work, because more and more mom-and-pop stores in
buyers can reap more benefits. It is obvious that big cities succumb to pressure from out-of-town malls and may
shopping centers with strong financial backing have the be pushed out of business. In fact, the unemployed rate in
advantage of buying a variety of goods in bulk with lower cities is likely to increase and it has a negative impact on
costs, thus helping people buy a wider range of items at society as a whole.
cheaper prices than those in brick-and-mortar stores.

In conclusion, the change in shopping habits can offer more values for consumers, such as easier access and more choices with
lower costs, but it also increases vehicle traffic and air pollution on the outskirts of cities. The drawbacks of this shift will be far
more significant.

Some people say that protecting the environment is the government’s

responsibility. Others believe that every individual should be
responsible for it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion?

It is clear that the recent debate on whether the responsibility for the environment should fall on the governments or
individuals does not seem to come to an end any time soon. Although the responsibility of politicians is considered vitally
important, individuals’ contribution for that is far more significant.
On the one hand, the role of governments in environmental On the other hand, the contribution of citizens should not be
protection is crucial. First, since governments can make laws, taken lightly. First, individuals, collectively, can make sizeable
they can force all factories and heavy industries to cut the positive changes. For example, by saving 2% of electricity use
amount of carbon consumption. In fact, by raising carbon every month, every family will help governments cut the
tax, businesses are discouraged to use rich-carbon fuels, like amount of fossil fuels for electricity generation, which
coal or gas, for manufacturing and left no choice but to directly reduces the risks of environmental contamination
switch to harness alternative energy, such as solar or wind, from energy extraction at drilling or mining sites. Second,
to save production costs, which can reduce carbon emission individuals, collectively, can affect business. In fact, they can
into air in the long run. Second, in order to encourage people boycott products from irresponsible companies which are
to use environmentally friendly products, local officials can using massive resources for their production, thus making
run frequent campaigns. For example, the campaigns can corporations more aware of the environmental protection if
emphasize the detrimental impacts of plastic bags and offer they want their sales and profits to be poised to increase
green alternatives, such as paper bags, which is conducive to because of the support of local people.
not only the environment, but also human’s health now and
down the road.

In conclusion, given the urgency, actively protecting the environment must be regarded as top priority. Governments and
individuals worldwide should take steps to keep the living space green and friendly.
It is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than

that of young people in many countries in the future. Do you think it is a
positive or negative development?

Incredible breakthroughs in medicine and healthcare are giving us historically long lives, which means that the swelling of the
aged population is an inescapable trend in many countries. Although this brings some certain benefits, it is more of a negative
development than a positive one.
On the one hand, having a higher proportion of older people

is conducive to families and communities as a whole. The On the other hand, population aging will lead to negative
first benefit is that older people can play a role in supporting changes in economic growth prospects in some countries
and maintaining family relationships, because the young around the world. First, given that there are fewer working-
generation gets so caught up with their work and lacks the age people, a rapidly aging population will lead to a supply
time to take care of their families. In fact, by providing shortage of qualified workers. This means that it is more
childcare and emotional assistance, or helping with challenging for employers to fill in-need occupations,
household chores, seniors can make a contribution to the subjecting the economy to an array of difficulties, including
increase in the quality of life of all family members. Second, higher labor costs, declining productivity and reduced
communities with a higher proportion of seniors are likely to international competitiveness. Second, countries with rapidly
be law-abiding ones, since older people are less inclined to aging populations have to deal with heightened budgetary
commit crimes. The result is that there will be less crime pressures from greater age-related spending needs, due to
altogether, resulting in a safer society for all citizens. the fact that demand for health care rises with age. In fact,
the governments will need to allocate more money and

resources to their health care systems and drastically reduce financing for other critical areas such as education, defense
or infrastructure.
In conclusion, although a higher proportion of older people may be beneficial for families and communities in some aspects,
this development should be considered as a negative one because the consequences of it significantly undermine the high
living standard enjoyed in many advanced economies.

Some people say that we need to live with the clime change. Do you
agree or not?

In recent decades, global warming has been receiving a great deal of public attention due to its substantial impacts on human
life. Although this idea of coexistence between climate change and humans appears plausible, we should find out other
practical approaches to combat climate change instead of accepting it in the long run.
There are a number of reasons why some inline to the idea Nevertheless, there are a number of reasons why the
of coexisting with climate change. First, since the impacts of coexistence can be detrimental. First, since climate change is
climate change are significant, we are not strong enough to largely shaped by human-caused geoengineering rather than
resist the law of nature. For example, Japan annually suffers nature itself, humans should take responsibility for that. For
from earthquakes, or some of the Asian coastal countries example, in order to produce the energy that drives the
always annually worry about the typhoon shaped by their world’s economy, many nations rely on carbon-rich fuels,
geographic locations, thus combating climate change is in such as coal, oil and gas, which correlates with the
vain. Second, by harnessing the proliferation of technology or intensification of global warming. In addition, if climate
erecting solid buildings, supporters suggest that living with change is inevitably exacerbated, it causes more big losses.
clime change is straightforward. For example, geo-storms This means that the costs, either financial or non-financial, of
technology has allowed people to minimize the worst impact dealing with future consequences of climate change can be
of typhoons to the lowest level, saving millions of lives. overwhelming, leading to national deficit as an unexpected
result.
In conclusion, the hypothesis of living with climate change should be rejected. By actively combating natural disasters and
making the environment more friendly, people can live sustainably in their own ecosystem.


Children’s education is expensive. In some countries, the government

pays some of or all of the costs. Do the advantages outweigh its
disadvantages?

In recent decades, the question of whether or not the government should pay for children’s education has been receiving a
great deal of public attention. Although this assistance is not without the disadvantages, the upsides will be far more
significant.
There are a number of drawbacks of this sponsorship. First, Nevertheless, other benefits of educational sponsorship for
since a sustainable development of a nation requires to have children’s tuition fees will be far more significant. First, in
many investments in many fields, paying all of the costs for order to guarantee the qualified workforce down the road,
children’s education can put more burden on national investing in children’s education is considered as a win-win
budgets. In fact, the governments need to fund properly for solution. This means that merge income families can let their
many key areas, such as healthcare, economy, education, children, especially aspiring ones, go to school, and the
which implies that every citizen should shoulder the nation can reap more benefits to the sustainable
responsibility of paying for their kids’ schooling fees. Second, development in the sense that young generations will
by supporting kids’ education by national budgets, the become qualified and talented employees. Second, if parents
governments could create unfairness to childless people. This can release the burden from their kids’ fees of schooling, it is
means that they may feel angry or irritated if knowing that a good chance that they will have a good take care of their
their money is not spent for their benefits. offspring. For example, caregivers can have more budgets to
buy better foods or clothes for their children, improving their
standard of living as a result.

In conclusion, it is a wise decision when the government are inclined to finance kids’ education, even some or all of it, despite
some disadvantages anticipated. By acknowledging the importance of children education, officers will lead their country to a
higher level of development.

Sport is becoming a business with high income for professionals and

more companies have involved in financial and in other ways. It is a
positive or negative development?

Nowadays, the business of sports has received a great deal of public attention. Although this trend is not without
disadvantages, the downsides will be far more significant.
There are a number of advantages when sport is a job harnessed in other key areas for the purpose of the
creator and a big-league economic driver. First, since both sustainable development
professionals and companies can reap tangible benefits, the
business of sports is a win- win strategy. In fact, on the one
Nevertheless, the disadvantages of this trend should not be
hand, the business of sport allows players to make a killing
neglected. First, since individual companies often have
from endorsements or non- official matches, vice versa,
unhealthy policies to benefit themselves, they can make
companies also earn a big amount of profits thanks to
sport matches not transparent. For example, private
entrance fees, advertisements and other services. Second, by
companies might resort to sports fraud in order to reap
galvanizing companies to finance this industry, the
economic and political benefits, which is unfair to both
government can release itself from the burden of national
players and audiences. Second, it is a good chance that
budget. This means that individual companies will replace
athletes are prone to serious injuries, like bone fracture or
government duties in investment and development of the
head trauma, if they are required to play too many non-
sports sector, both in terms of facilities and infrastructure,
official matches, which potentially shortens the lifespan of
saving a great deal of national budget which in turn will be
their career.

In conclusion, the negative implications of this trend are by far significant. By considering all the pros and cons, the
government can find the best approach to prevent such companies from crossing the line.

Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and
should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
view?

Nowadays, the ban on extreme sports has been receiving a great deal of public attention. Although these sports are very risky
to some extent, they should still be encouraged for other purposes.
There are a number of reasons why some people advocate Nevertheless, the prohibition of vigorous sports does not
the idea of banning dangerous sports. First, since the make sense for some reasons. First, these sports were
inherently dangerous nature of those extreme sports may created as survival skills from the beginning. For example,
threaten lives, it should be prohibited to the majority of pilots must learn parachuting to escape when an accident
people. In fact, serious injuries, such as bone fractures and happening, or skiing is a technique to help inhabitants move
head trauma, even fatal accidents, are not uncommon in in many heavy snow countries, which implies that these skills
extreme sports, leading to severe consequences of mental are significantly necessary to save human lives. Second, with
and physical health of participants. Second, by taking part in the proliferation of protective equipment, such as helmets
extreme sports, it can cost people an exorbitant price to and brakes, the injury rates have been falling lower and
highly engage in these activities. For example, players are lower. It is obvious that if participants are well-trained and
forced to pay for the fee of insurance to ensure little the well-equipped, they are able to be comfortable and
risks, making these forms of entertainment unaffordable to confident in participating in these sports without suffering
all people. from the injuries mentioned.

In conclusion, although dangerous sports may be potentially harmful, there are certain ways to mitigate the risks attached with
them. By being well aware of the nature of different types of extreme sports, people will harness them effectively in terms of
the survival skills and the forms of recreation.

Each year, the crime rate increases. What are the causes of crime and
what could be done to prevent this rise in criminal activity?

It is true that crime has been rampant in many societies. Although this can be attributed to a whole host of reasons, some
workable solutions can be implemented to mitigate this.
There are some reasons for the increased rate of crimes all Nevertheless, there are also a variety of solutions to alleviate
around the world. First, violence in the media contributes to this issue. First, the government should have restrictions
a growing number of lawbreakers. In fact, since violent against questionable contents of media. This means that the
scenes on movies are being perceived as normal or even government can regulate the contents shown on television
positive, many people, either children or adolescents, are or internet and promote less-violent movies at disposal,
becoming aggressive or considering bullying as socially raising people’s awareness about the positive life. Second,
acceptable, which makes them tend to address their conflicts law enforcement authorities should take step to tighten drug
with others by violence. Second, drug abuse has also given a control to ensure little to no drug supply in the market. For
rise in the rate of offenders. As plenty of evidence suggests instance, increasing fines and penalties for drug-related
that repeated drug use can lead to negative influence on the activities would act as a deterrent for drug traffickers and
brain, it is harder to control users’ behaviors, making them buyers.
inclined to break the law.
In conclusion, although the trend might be difficult to reverse, there are ways to get around it. The coordination among the
government media corporations can certainly make a difference in reducing the rate of crimes in coming time.

Many childhood diseases can now be prevented through the use of

vaccines. Should parents be made by law to immunize their children
against common diseases or should individuals have the right to choose
not to immunize their children?

It is true that vaccination is widely considered one of the greatest medical achievements of modern civilization as it has been
successfully preventing several dreaded diseases which are very common in children. Although vaccination should be made
mandatory for all children to protect them from common diseases, a voluntary decision of the parents on this should be paid
much more attention.
On the one hand, compulsory immunization of all children On the other hand, since vaccines may have potential
against common diseases is of vital importance. First, harmful effects on the human body, people do have the right
obligated immunization under the law should be made to to decide whether their kids get involved. First, vaccines may
save children’ lives. In fact, by taking vaccination, children have side-effects on children. Plenty of evidence suggests
can avoid many deadly diseases, such as measles or tetanus, that many children may potentially suffer from autism after
which is also of great benefits to children themselves and taking vaccination, which also causes detrimental impacts on
their families Second, law enforcement also contributes to their mental well-being later on. Second, many families seek
reducing initial hesitation and procrastination of parents to other safer options instead of following the vaccination
this subject. This means that many working parents fail to program. For example, children can be encouraged to have
send their kids to medical centers for vaccination, and that healthy diets, which can strengthen their immune system to
policy will save money and effort for both the government fight against several bacteria and viruses.
and families as the prevention is better than cure in terms of
medical fees.

In conclusion, although the law enforcing vaccination of children has several long-lasting benefits on the society, parents’ right
to this subject should be more considered. Depending on the circumstances of families, parents should gain knowledge of this
subject to have the best approach for their children.
In some countries, an increasing number of people are suffering from

health problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore
necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food.
To what extend do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

In recent years, fast food has gained in popularity thanks to its convenience. Although governments can impose a higher tax on
this kind of food as many are suffering from health problems from consuming it, the downsides would be more significant.
There are a number of reasons why imposing higher tax on processed food can do more harm than good. First, since the
increased cost of convenient food may hurt the economy of a nation. In fact, higher costs from processed food can discourage
people from consuming them frequently and they have to spend more time preparing food themselves, which decreases the
productivity of a society. Second, this policy can negatively impact fast food companies themselves. This may cause massive
layoff of workers from fast food industry as a result of shrinking profits, which affects the society’s well-being as a whole.
In addition, imposing a higher tax on pre-prepared foods is not effective and efficient in the long run. First, the price for
healthy food, such as clean meat or vegetables, will increase due to higher demand, so will the price for fast food due to higher
tax. This means that those often choosing convenient foods will switch to consume organic foods for their health when they
realize that the price of all kinds of foods are similar, which in turn makes many people, especially poor ones, not have many
options for their meals. Second, although steeper price is a powerful tool in many cases, it may not be enough to reduce fast
food use. In fact, the consumption of many products with high taxes, such as cigarette or alcoholic beverages, remains
substantially high in some countries, especially undeveloped ones.


Film stars and music celebrities may earn a great deal of money and live
in luxurious surroundings, but many of them lead unhappy lives. Do
you agree or disagree?

It is true that fame, fortune and happiness are correlated, which has been acknowledged for a long time. Although many
famous people are supposed to lead unhappy lives, they are far happier than the general public.
Celebrities are still happier than the rest in many aspects. In addition, there are also other factors contributing to
First, living a life with fame and wealth, famous figures never happiness of celebrities. First, well-known actors and singers
have to worry about human basic needs. In fact, famous tend to aim higher in their careers because they never be
people with affluence will not be faced with problems which satisfied with modest achievements, thus encouraging them
many people living in hunger or just getting by encounter on to work harder for bigger success. Therefore, the more they
a daily basis, especially ones in underdeveloped countries work, the happier they are. Second, unhappiness is only a
due to meagre income earned. Second, celebrities have temporary state which celebrity may experience once in a
many opportunities to travel, which helps them reach a while. Plenty of evidence suggests that short-term
higher level of happiness than those who do not. This means unhappiness is healthy, making people change positively for
that travelling is conducive to their mental well-being as they a better life.
can experience more with a diversity of cultures, such as
people, customs or foods.
In conclusion, celebrities can enjoy their life with wealth and happiness thanks to their success. By achieving more success,
they can get higher level of fulfillment and pride.


In today’s job market it is far more important to have practical skills

than theoretical knowledge. In the future, job applicants may not need
any formal qualifications. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is true that university education bestows a myriad of benefits upon graduation. Although some suggests that there is no
need to get qualifications but only practical skills for job requirements, the functions of university should not be
underestimated.
There are a number of reasons why knowledge is the backbone to human development. First, research and science are the
foundation for most professions in life. In fact, in order to build a house or a bridge, workers are required to have a grasp of
foundational knowledge about math and physics, emphasizing the importance of university where theory is properly imparted
to students. Second, theoretical knowledge leads to innovation. Plenty of evidence suggests that a myriad of possibilities is
likely to be discovered on paper, which is of great importance for upcoming modernization of human civilization in many
aspects, like technology or medicine.
In addition, the university qualifications is a way to measure job applicants in terms of capabilities. First, since formal
qualifications are a quick and easy way to measure one’s abilities, recruiters do not need to have more exams to test them. In
fact, employers can briefly look the resume of job seekers to know exactly their level of education and skills accumulated in
university, which can save a great deal of their time and effort. Second, universities and colleges always keep learners updated.
This means that many universities keep their curriculums updated with the latest insights and practical knowledge, which
helps fresh graduates become more competitive in the labor market.
In conclusion, …


Motorways help people travel quickly and cover long distances, but they
also cause problems. What are the problems of motorways and what
solutions are there?

It is true that highways have become arteries in many countries as they facilitate transport by helping people quickly travel in
long distance. Although motorways offer a myriad of benefits, its substantial problems need to be considered.
There are a number of problems caused by using motorways. Nevertheless, there are a variety of solutions to reverse that
First, since people can drive their vehicles with high speed trend. First, the inexperienced are not allowed to use
(from 70+mph), it is more dangerous for the inexperienced. highways. For example, if new drivers are limited on using
In fact, as motorways enable users to drive fast, this can put the motorways, this can be safer for all drivers, including
newly qualified drivers in jeopardy due to hazardous themselves. Second, the governments or local authorities
situations, such as tailgating. Second, the construction of should compensate more for families subject to relocation.
motorway is at the expense of houses nearby. This means By accommodating them in new convenient areas,
that houses in the area have to be demolished to make way, governments can ensure no disruption in their lives.
causing inconvenience for local residents.
In conclusion, although motorways have become essential in regulating transport in most nations, its negative impacts are also
significant. By restricting the use this lane on new drivers and compensating the damage of housing demolition for the locals,
the problems can be properly addressed.

It is generally believed that the internet is an excellent means of

communication, but some people suggest that it may not be the best
place to find information. Discuss both these views and give your own
opinion?

In recent years, the Internet and its functions have become prevailing every walk of life. Although some assume that the
Internet can compromise the efficiency of finding information, this suggestion is groundless.
On the one hand, the Internet is not the best place to dig On the other hand, the digital world with the Internet has
information. First, real people are richer sources of bestowed us a myriad of benefits, especially in searching
information. In fact, since experience cannot express in information. First, search engines allow us to find any
words, the Internet fails to provide experience for readers to materials online less than a second with a click of mouse or a
get a deeper insight about a clear topic, either travelling or screen touch. Before the appearance of the Internet, people
cooking. Second, some great information is not available are required to travel physically to public sectors, such as
online. For example, there are some great books and audios libraries or schools, to find information, thus costing
that have never been uploaded to the Internet, which unnecessary time and effort. Second, search engines are
decreases the possibilities of acquiring authentic knowledge being optimized for the purpose of looking tailored
and valuable information. information. In fact, algorithms filter all irrelevant
information, helping people search information which are
better and proper and saving a great deal of their time.
In conclusion, …


Some parents buy their children a large number of toys to play with.
What are the advantages and disadvantages for the child of having a
large number of toys?

It is true that children are often pampered with numerous kinds of toys. Although this is considered beneficial for kids in many
ways, either in education or relaxation, the downsides would be more significant.
There are a number of advantages of providing toys for Nevertheless, there are also a whole host of disadvantages
children. First, a wider range of toys can stimulate creativity that should be taken into account. First, since toys are
for children from early on. In fact, many kinds of toys require expensive, less money is spent on necessities or future
children to think and solve problems, like puzzles and Lego needs. For example, a low-income family cannot pamper
blocks, which in turn can foster their cognitive development. children with a large number of toys as parents need to
Second, toys can keep children entertained when parents are prioritize other basic needs, like food or clothes, for their
busy. This means that kids do not feel neglected from their kids. Second, by indulging kids with too many toys, they can
caregivers as they can find toys attractive and fun for become unsociable. It is clear that most toys are for playing
different colors, sounds, and other functions. indoors, making kids lack social skills as they go out less for
other outdoor activities, such as playing football or go
swimming.
In conclusion, although toys are conducive to children’s relaxation, they can do more harm than good in many ways. By
combining with other physical activities, parents will help kids have all-round mental and physical development.

In general, people do not have such a close relationship with their

neighbors as they did in the past. Why is this so and what can be done to
improve contact between neighbors?

In recent years, the fast pace of life has widened the gap of the relationship between people and their neighbors. Although this
trend can reduce social cohesion, there are some workable solutions considered to reverse it.
There are a number of reasons for that. First, since people There are also a variety of solutions to help neighbors
are getting busy in modern life, they have no time for social become more friendly to each other. First, local authorities
relationships, such as friends or neighbors. In fact, living in should build common areas where people can gather. For
the corporate world, people are required to work longer example, more parks should be constructed to help local
hours, or they are even willing to work extra, in order to residents have green space to relax and meet others,
cover the daily fees and to enhance the quality of life, thus promoting more conversations between them and helping
having no free time to have a talk with those living next them avoid being isolated. Second, reducing working hours is
doors. Second, living in fragmented society means people a feasible solution. If people do not work extra, they will have
tend to value privacy more than the previous generations more energy and time, thus becoming socialize and open-
did. For example, most workers choose to enjoy their space minded to others, not only their neighbors but also their
to lounge about after a hard-working day rather than to friends.
meet up their neighbors for a talk, which is also considered
as a way to respect their own and others’ privacy.
In conclusion, …


In the modern world, people are no longer necessary to use food from
animals or products from animals such as medicine and clothing. Agree
or disagree?

It is clear that the recent debate on whether people still need animal-related products, such as foods or medicine does not
seem to come to an end any time soon. Although most supplies from animals have been acknowledged as necessary in
human’s life, other alternatives should be considered beneficial.
There are a number of reasons why switching to use other In addition, human should care for the animal well-being as
products rather than exploiting animals is imperative. First, there are many clear ethical arguments against animal
since foods made of animals are not healthy, consuming exploitation. First, it is immoral and inhumane when making
them can put human’s health in jeopardy. In fact, animal animals suffer or even die, either killing or hurting them for
flesh is loaded with contaminants, antibiotics, hormones and medicine or clothes. This means that such actions go against
a host of toxins which can cause serious health problems a civilized society and human’s moral values when we either
such as food poisoning or allergic reaction. Second, by abuse or infringe upon animal rights, leading to unfairness to
avoiding meat and eating whole-food, plant-based diet , other living creatures. Second, preventing humans from
people can have better health Plenty of evidence suggests hunting animals for products, to some extent, is a way to
that fruits and vegetables offer vitamins, minerals and other preserve the environment. It should be noted that the
nutrients which may help reduce the risk of many diseases, extinction of any animal species is irreversible, coming at a
including heart disease and some types of cancer. great cost to the ecosystem and apparently humans living
within it.

In conclusion, reducing the consumption of the products from animals is conducive not only to human, but also to the
environment. By raising awareness of people about the benefits of becoming less reliant on animals’ products, they can lead a
better life now and down the road.

Some students prefer to take a year off between school and university,
to work or to travel. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages?

In recent years, a gap year between high school and university has become a popular alternative among many young people.
Although this trend is not without advantages, the downsides would be more significant.
There are several merits of that trend. First, since many Nevertheless, the demerits of this trend should be more
adolescents are undecided about their future, either in considered. First, while taking a gap year can be a refreshing
subject choice or career path, a year off allows them to have break from non-stop academic pursuit, many students find it
some more time to ascertain the right long-term decisions. In difficult to get back into schedule and regain the studying
fact, high school leavers can get many kinds of part time jobs momentum. For example, one might be more reliant on
in that year to gain experience about working environment, earning money to satisfy his thirst for purchasing stuff such
which can give them a hint about the profession they want to as cars or technological devices, and, as a result, he will be
do later and motivate them to enter higher education as a willing to end the path of tertiary education for that reason.
result. Second, by travelling to many places after finishing Meanwhile, going to the university can help students earn
high school, the young can have many chances to broaden handsome salaries later as competitive jobs, such as
their horizons, either with people or with cultures. Plenty of designers or doctors, always require academic knowledge.
evidence suggests that such experiences are conducive to the Second, travelling in a gap year can be an expensive
youth’ maturity and social skills before going to the endeavor to many young adults, especially students coming
university life where they might live independently. from families with meagre income as it costs them a lot,
ranging from transport to foods and accommodation during
a long time.

In conclusion, the disadvantages of taking a gap year after high school are too overwhelming compared to, they are otherwise.
Young people should also consider their own expectation to make the best decision.

Some say that sports play an important role in society. Others think it is
nothing more than a leisure activity. Do you agree or not?

In recent years, it is true that sport plays an integral part in our lives. Although many people believe that the practice of sport
only brings recreational values, sport is far more than a luxury or a form of entertainment.
Sport has always been the exercises to foster individual In addition, it is true that sport is also of great benefits to
physical and mental development. First, by regularly doing society as a whole. First, sport and physical activities provide
sports, either indoor or outdoor ones, people can maintain one of the most cost-effective forms of preventative
their health. In fact, sports activities, such as gym or jogging, medicine. This means that participation in sport contributes
can enhance metabolism of the body in a proper way and to people’s ability to lead long and healthy lives, resulting in
strengthen the immune system, which helps prevent the potential to dramatically cut healthcare costs of a nation.
diseases and lower risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Second, sport is considered as an international language as it
Second, sport helps players build their social skills. For brings people together in a way that can cross boundaries
example, athletes are required to have strong team spirit, and break down barriers. For example, Olympic opens the
effective cooperation and respect when playing team sports door for everyone, not only for athletes but also for global
like football or volleyball, which in turn not only are citizens, to show their patriotism by passionately cheering up
conducive to their working skills in a larger context like their teams, and to gain deeper understanding about the
workplace, but also make them get socialized. culture in every host country.
In conclusion, sport makes significant contributions to both people and society in different ways. By acknowledging its
important role, governments can find ways to promote this activity to their people.

Environment protection is the responsibility of politicians rather than

individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is clear the recent debate on whether governments should embrace all the issues of environment or individuals does not
seem to come to an end any time soon. Although the responsibility of politicians is considered vitally important, individuals’
contribution for that is far significant.
On the one hand, the role of governments in environmental On the other hand, the contribution of citizens should not be
protection is crucial. First, since governments can make laws, taken lightly. First, individuals collectively can make a
they can force all factories and heavy industries cut the sizeable positive change. For example, by saving 2% of
amount of carbon. In fact, by raising carbon tax, businesses electricity use every month, every family will help
are discouraged to use rich-carbon fuels, like coal or gas, for governments cut the amount of fossil fuels in generating
manufacturing but switch to harness alternative energy, such electricity nationally, which directly reduces the risks of
as solar or wind, to save producing costs, which can reduce environmental contamination from energy extraction from
carbon emission into air in the long run. Second, in order to drilling or mining sites. Second, individuals collectively can
encourage people to use environmentally friendly products, affect business. In fact, they can refuse to buy products from
local officials can run frequent campaigns. For example, the irresponsible companies which are being using massive
campaigns can emphasize the detrimental impacts of plastic resources for their production, thus making corporations
bags and offer green alternative, such as paper bags, which is more aware for the environmental protection if they want
not only conducive to the environment, but also human’s sales and profits to be poised to increase from the support of
health now and down the road. local people.
In conclusion, actively protecting the environment must be regarded as top priority given the high urgency. The governments
and individuals worldwide should take steps to keep the living space green and friendly.


Some people believe that the best way to increase road safety is to
increase the minimum legal age for driving cars. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

Recently, the debate of whether increasing the minimum legal of driving cars or riding motorbikes is the best way to save
people from traffic collision or not has been receiving a great deal of public attention. Although this suggestion is aimed to help
people be better off, other workable solutions should be considered.
There are a number of reasons why this suggestion is not of Nevertheless, there are a great deal of other solutions to
great benefits to individuals. First, since some teenagers increase road safety. First, it is vitally important to educate
were not allowed to drive even when they were in need, people properly before they start to drive. This means that
they would choose to break the law regardless, which might the schools can provide extended lessons or more difficult of
put other drivers in jeopardy. Second, by raising the driving tests, which prepares young adults better driving
minimum legal age for driving cars, teenagers would be less skills. Second, improving road infrastructure and
motivated to learn how to drive responsibly at young ages. In transportation systems are also considered as other
fact, if they get older and are busier, they will be more likely endeavors. For example, stoplights and stop signs, can be
to lose their interest of being good drivers, which could used wherever appropriate to curb speed driving, allowing
potentially diminish road safety. For example, if a teenager different users, including drivers, cyclists and pedestrians, to
needed to bring his family member to the hospital in the case use roads safely.
of emergency, he would have no choice but to drive, even if
he was not prepared to.

In conclusion, raising the minimum legal age of driving for road safety should not be considered as the ultimate way. By
applying other measures, such as increasing road users' knowledge of rules and defense driving skills, improving road
infrastructure and enforcing compliance with standards, governments can make the situation better.

Scientist say that in the future humanity will speak the same language.
Do you think this is a positive or negative social development?

Nowadays, whether we should only speak the same language in communication around the globe has been receiving a great
deal of public attention. Although this trend is not without advantages, the downsides will justify these.
On the one hand, humans are likely to reap a multitude of more and more multinationals ceaselessly growing up
benefits from the emergence of a global language. First, in around the globe.
terms of education, since globalized language will facilitate
the access of a wealth of knowledge, all people can enrich
On the other hand, the adoption of the global language also
their knowledge once language barriers were removed. For
has more disadvantages that should be taken into account.
example, an individual can effortlessly study and enhance his
First, linguistic homogeneity can lead to the disappearance of
acquisition about a wide range of academic fields, such as
minority languages. In fact, it is not straightforward for a
science, literature, history without any limitation, sharpening
country to eradicate its mother language which has been
his understanding about the world surrounding. Second, as
embedded with historical and cultural values over the prism
regards economic perspective, the global language
of time, resulting in the loss of cultural identity of a nation for
potentially promotes economic prosperity. This means that
this process as an unexpected consequence. Second, human
the global language becomes effective in the sense that it
will find it hard to create the global language since it takes
enables people easily exchange information without any
hundreds of years to get the process of grammar,
confusion in the era of industrialization where there are
vocabularies and more done but it offers little return.
In conclusion, the cons of a mutual language will eclipse the pros in terms of a mutual global language for all people. By using
multi-languages in this world, humans can reap more benefits rather than horning one.


The diagram illustrates the process of making olive oil


The given diagram illustrates how olive oil is produced, from the
branches all the way to the kitchen.
The process which is split into two large stages with roughly six steps
in total. The first stage is to turn the olives into paste, while the
second extracts the oil from the olive paste.
First, olives are knocked from the trees with rake-like pokes, which
then are sorted by their quality. After being rinsed in cold water, the
olives go through a step called milling, in which they are mashed and
have their stones removed. The final step of the first stage involves
mashing the olives into paste.
In the first step of the second stage, the paste is distributed between
hemp bags and placed in a hydraulic press, which then pushes the oil
out of the paste. The oil is pumped into a centrifuge which spins to
separate the water from the valuable oil. The extracted olive oil is
stored inside underground vats, waiting to be bottled only when
shipment is required.


The diagram illustrates the process of making Igloo


01
The given diagram illustrates how a typical igloo is constructed.
As can be seen, the building of this famed snow hut can be divided into two stages. In the first phase, the igloo is built from
02
snow blocks, followed by a finalizing phase to produce a complete snow hut.
First, the location for the igloo is to be calculated, as it requires hard packed snow to build. The snow is then sawn into large
blocks for the base, with each block's side smoothened. The blocks are placed in a spiral fashion to form a hemisphere. A hole
03 for entry before the structure is finished with a slightly larger block for the tip of the dome.
is to be dug under the walls
After the bulk of the igloo is built, snow is used to fill the crevices on the outside, while the inside of the hut is smoothened by
hand. An entrance is then built and covered using snow blocks. In the final step, this Eskimonian famous hut has to be
ventilated with holes on the walls and the roof A.

The diagram below shows the development of cutting tools in the Stone
Age. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant

The diagram illustrates the evolution of stone tools for cutting over
600.000 years.
There had been several changes in the way Stone Age inhabitants
manufactured their tools. The most striking features are the shape
being larger and the edges being more refined, along with the
addition of a sharp tip.
First, the stone axe B made 0.8 million years ago was almost twice as
large as the one made 1.4 million years ago, which was just over 7
cm in length. Larger size, along with finer edges, allowed more force
to be delivered with each blow, making exhibit B a better tool
compared to its predecessor.
Second, being added a sharp tip, tool B became formidable in both

hunting and skirmishing. A pointy tip along with sharper cutting

edges make this axe more proficient in finishing off big games, and even give it a more decorated look, as opposed to the
crude and primitive tool A.

How chocolate is made?


The given diagram illustrates how chocolate is manufactured from the cocoa beans.
As can be seen, the process can be divided into two stages. The first stage involves harvesting and preparing the beans on site,
before they are transported to a chocolate factory.
First, only the ripe red pods are picked from the cacao trees grown in South America, Africa and South East Asia, which then
were cut open to collect the white cocoa beans inside. Next, the beans are fermented and dried under the scorching sun,
before being stuffed into large sacks for transportation.

After being shipped to the factory by train or lorry, the beans are roasted at 350 degrees Celsius. A rotating crusher is required
in the next phase to strip away the outer shells of the beans, leaving only the inner part to be pressed by giant rollers, creating
liquid chocolate.

How to make smoked fish?


The given diagram illustrates how smoked fish is made in a small

scope.
As can be seen from the diagram, the process can be divided into
two stages.
The preliminary phase where freshly caught fish are prepared is

followed by the actual processing phase to make smoked fish.
First, the fish are gutted and cleaned before being kept in salt
water in half an hour. They are then boiled in 5 minutes before
being taken out for the next phase.
Second phase begins with the fish being removed from the salt
water and put inside a vat for smoking. Under the fish lies a layer
of smudge, while a wooden lit covers the whole vat. After being
smoked for half an hour, the fish are then taken out and
sprinkled with yellow coloring to give them an appealing look.
The smoked fish are now ready for packaging and shipment.

Driver's license

The given diagram illustrates
how a driver's license is
granted in the US.
As can be seen, the process

requires a medical check-up
to evaluate eyesight before
candidates are allowed to
partake the real test. The
driving test which consists of
the written and the practical
exams will then take place.
First, those who wish to get a

driving license are to come to the license centre to fill in the forms. Then, an eyesight test will decide if they are qualified for
the exams held in the next stage.
After the examinees' eyesight were evaluated, they have to pay fees which will grant them three attempts in the written test
followed by an attempt at the road exam. If they fail the written exam three times or the road exam once, they are to repay
the fees and retake the test. A driver's license is only granted when one has passed both of the exams.


The pie chart shows the percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by
the 6 biggest polluters in 2015 while the bar graph shows the top 6
emitters per capita in the same year.

The pie chart illustrates the proportion of carbon dioxide emissions that six major polluters contributed in 2015 while the bar
graph shows the top 6 carbon dioxide emitters per capita in the same year.
From an overall perspective, China is the country with the highest rate of emissions. Nevertheless, when emissions per person
is concerned, Saudi Arabia came in the first place.
As can be seen from the pie chart, almost one third of carbon dioxide emissions is from China, nearly double that of the
runner-up, the US with 17%. India made up 7% and Russia constituted 5%, putting them in the third and forth rank. The top six
is completed by Japan and Germany, which contributed 4% and 2% of carbon emissions, respectively. Together these countries
generated double the carbon dioxide emissions of the rest of the world (34%).

The bar chart reveals that Saudi Arabia is the first ranking country when it comes to emissions per capita, generating a
staggering 15 tons of carbon dioxide per person. Sharing the second place were the US, Australia and Canada, all at 14.5 tons
for every person. The first and second bottom countries were Russia and South Korea, standing at 10 and 12 tons per capita,
respectively.

The line graph shows the past and projected borrowings for The Royal
Bank of Scotland. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The graph illustrates loaning trends from the Royal Bank of Scotland from 2012 and projected to 2022.

From an overall perspective, student loans and mortgages both witnessed steady rise and such trend is predicted for the
future. Meanwhile, auto and personal loans experienced fluctuations but the overall trend is downward.
In the first three years or the surveyed period, from 2012 to 2014, student loans levelled off at 1400 before making a jump to
2000 in 2019. This figure is projected to reach 2500 at the end of the survey. Starting at 900 in 2012, mortgages exhibited
steady increase and is expected to stand at 1900 in 2022.
In sharp contrast, auto loans started off at 800 in 2012 before fluctuated between 1100 and 600. This figure reached 800 at
2019 but is projected to make a great jump to 1500 in 2020 before plummeting to 700 in the last 2 years of the survey.
Personal loans was at 400 in 2012 and it reached a peak at 800 in 2016 only to fell gradually to only 600 in 2019. Such figure is
forecasted to continue falling until it reach its original point, ten years later.

The graph below shows the number of enquiries received by the Tourist
Information Office in one city over a six-month period in 2011.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant

The line chart illustrates the number of enquiries received by the Tourist Information Office in the first half of 2011.
From an overall perspective, the number of enquiries in person and by telephone exhibited escalating trends, notwithstanding
some fluctuations in the first quarter of the year. In sharp contrast, the quantity of enquiries by letter/email declined steadily.

Starting in January at just over 400, the number of enquiries in person rose sharply, until it reached almost 1900 over the
course of six months. The quantity of enquiries by telephone was 900 at the start of the year, then it fluctuated between 800
(in February) and 1000 (in March and April) before rocketed to just under 1600 in June.
On the other hand, the number of enquiries by letter or email slightly decreased in the first quarter, from 750 in January to 700
in March. It then dived steeply to its rock bottom at 350 times in May and remained unchanged for the remainder of the
surveyed period.

The chart below shows the value of one country’s exports in various
categories during 2015 and 2016. The table shows the percentage change
in each category of exports in 2016 compared with 2015. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant


The given graph and table illustrate the changes in export earnings for a country across several industries from 2015 to 2016
measured in billions of dollars.
From an overall perspective, it is apparent that all earnings experienced rises except for gems and jewellery, which exhibited a
slight decrease. The majority of earnings came from petroleum and engineered goods, while textiles and engineered goods
made the largest jumps.
The two main exports were petroleum products, which went from just over $61 billion in 2015 to around $63 billion by 2016,
and engineered goods ($58 billion to $62 billion). That translates to a 3% rise for petroleum and a more sizeable increase of
8.5% for engineered products.
Compared to these two exports, the other products were much lower. Gems and jewellery, the only export to decrease, went
down 5.18% from $43 billion to $41 billion. Notwithstanding this drop, agricultural goods were lower throughout the period at
around $31 and just over $31 billion in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Textiles were the lowest in 2015 at around $26 billion but
had pulled approximately level with agriculture by 2016.

The chart below shows the unemployment rate and the number of
people leaving Ireland from 1988 to 2008

The graph illustrates the rate of unemployment as well as the number of people leaving Ireland from 1988 to 2008.
As can be seen from the graph, the unemployment rate fluctuated before dropping to a plateau. In the same surveyed period,
the number of people leaving Ireland gradually fall to a rock bottom before regaining momentum in the end.

The unemployment rate was at a staggering 17% at the beginning of the survey, which is the year of 1988. Such figure then
fluctuated, dropping to 13% in 1990 before rising up to 15% in 1992. Nevertheless, this rate plummeted to an abysmal 5% in
2000 and remain almost unchanged, standing at only 6% in 2008.
In 1988, there were 60 thousand people leaving Ireland. This figure then moderately decreased until it reached 25 thousand in
2002. Since then, the number of people leaving Ireland has made a comeback, climbing up to 50 thousand at the end of the
survey in 2008.

The line chart bellow shows serious violent crime levels from 1978 to
2000 in the US. Serious violent crimes include rape, robbery, aggravated
assault and homicide. Summarize the Information by selecting and

The graph illustrates trends in violent crimes levels in the US from 1978 to 2000.

From an overall perspective, the first half of the survey witnessed fluctuations in the total crime as well as victimisations
reported level, which figures gradually dropped over the remainder of the surveyed period. Meanwhile, crimes reported and
arrests rose steadily during the same time frame.
The first ten years witnessed fluctuations in the total crime level, but the overall trend was upbeat. In 1989, it reached a peak
at 4.5 offences per thousand Americans after a record low in 1980 (at slightly over 3 offences). Victimisations rose and fell
between 2 and 2.5 offences during the first half of the given period, before going in a steady decline and end up just below 1.5
in 2000.
Crimes recorded by police showed a steady increase, reaching its highest in the year 1994, over 1.5 offences in a thousand. The
arrest rate was the lowest, levelling off below 0.5 offences per thousand. Both of these figures dropped slightly in the last five
years, and in 2000 stand at 1.5 and 0.5 offences per 1000, respectively.

The charts show the percentage of male and female students choosing
science subjects in one university 1992 and 2012 and the three most
popular science subjects which they studied

The charts illustrate the ratio between male and female students enrolling in science subjects at a university in 1992 and 2012,
as well as the popularity of the subjects they studied.
From an overall perspective, it is apparent that the gender ratio when enrolling in science subjects shifted toward a balance
between the two sexes. As for the popularity between subjects, Biology had decreased prestige while Computer Science
became more popular.
In 1992, the proportion of male students choosing science was at 45%, almost twice as much that of female (25%).

Nevertheless, after 20 years, the rate of male students decreased to 34% while that of female rose to 32%, making the two
figures almost equal.Biology held the lion’s share of popularity in 1992 with 40%, while Physics and Computer Science came
second and third at 25% and 10%, respectively. In 2012, the rate of student taking Physics remain unchanged at 25%, while
that of Biology dropped dramatically to 31%. A reversed trend is seen in Computer Science whose rate climbed to 17% at the
end of the survey.

The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and
the rest of the world.

The pie charts illustrate the differences in the use of water between San Diego, California and the rest of the world.
As can be seen from the charts, residential use constitutes the major proportion of water use in San Diego and California. In
the rest of the world, most of the water used is for agriculture.
In San Diego County, residential use holds the lion’s share in water usage at a staggering 60% while industrial and agricultural
use makes up 23% and 17 %, respectively. In California, water usage is distributed quite similarly, with residential use making
up 39%, while industry holds 33% and agriculture takes 28%.

In the rest of the world, there is a noticeable difference in the way water is used. Agriculture use makes up 69% of water
usage, three times higher than that of industry (23%). Residential use only constitutes an abysmal 8% of all water use
worldwide.

The pie graphs show greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2002 and
the forecast 2030. The column chart shows carbon dioxide emissions
around the world. Summarize the Information by selecting and

The graphs illustrate past and future data concerning worldwide

carbon dioxide emission.
As can be seen in the two pie charts, developing countries are

expected to account for a bigger share of emission in 2030 at 48%,
compared to 38% in 2002. In contrast, OECD countries are
projected to make up a lower proportion of 43%, 9% down over
the same period. Countries with transition economies are
estimated to take up the remaining 9% in 2030, 1% less than in
2002.
The bar chart reveals that carbon dioxide emissions will expand to
varying degree in different sectors by 2030. Industry will continue
to be the major producer of carbon dioxide, rising to more than 10
billion tons in 2030. Next comes the consumer sector, which is
projected to more than double its emissions from less than 4
billion to more than 8 billion tons. Transportation, the third largest

producer, will see a huge growth to 6 billion, triple the amount in 2002. By comparison, waste combustion and other sectors
make up a much lower proportion, each producing an estimated 1 billion ton.

WRI. 22. MUST-HAVE VOCABULARY
DESCRIBING TIME
 Over the course from … to …: Trong khoảng thời gian từ … đến …

E.g. Over the course from 1990 to 2010
 During the period from … to …: Trong khoảng thời gian từ … đến …
E.g. During the period from 1980 to 2015
 During the timescale from … to …: Trong khoảng thời gian từ … đến …
E.g. During the timescale from 1990 to 2010
 At the end of the survey: Vào cuối thời kỳ khảo sát
 From the start of the survey: Vào đầu thời kỳ khảo sát
 In the middle of the survey: Giữa thời kỳ khảo sát
 In the first half of the survey: Vào nửa đầu thời kỳ khảo sát
 In the second half of the survey: Vào nửa sau thời kỳ khảo sát
 In the future = In the coming time = In the near future: Trong tương lai
 In the entire surveyed period: Trong toàn bộ thời kỳ khảo sát
VOCABULARY: SIMPLE – DIFFICULT – UNCOMMON

SIMPLE DIFFICULT UNCOMMON

 Increase  Witness a sharp increase  Experience a jump /

 A leap leapfrog
 A surge
 Decrease  Witness a sharp decrease  Lose momentum and

 A tumble witness a staggering fall /
sink / shrink
 A plunge
 Strong  Sharp / Dramatic /  Steep / Substantial

Significant
 Slight  Modest / Moderate  Minor / Humble
 Very small  Tiny  Marginal / negligible /

minuscule
 Remain stable  Remain at bay / Hit the  Experience a consistency

plateau / Level off
 Fluctuate /  Experience a fluctuation  Experience an

Fluctuation inconsistency / oscillate /
an oscillation
 Peak  Reach a peak of  Reach a pinnacle / climax
 Bottom  Reach a bottom of  Reach a nadir
 Overtake  Surpass  Sweep over

DESCRIBE THE FUTURE

SIMPLE DIFFICULT MEANING
 Be predicted  Be envisaged to  Dự đoán sẽ
 Be expected  Be projected to  Dự đoán sẽ
 Will  Be set to  Dự đoán sẽ
 Be going to  Be anticipated to  Dự đoán sẽ
DESCRIBE PERCENTAGE / QUANTITY
 The rate = The percentage = The proportion = The fraction: Phần trăm
E.g. The rate of water usage was 15% / The percentage of water usage was 15%
 The number of = The numbers of = The quantity of + Countable noun: Con số …

E.g. The number of cars was over 1000
 The amount of + Uncountable noun: Con số …

E.g. The amount of beer consumed was 100 liters.
DESCRIBE PERCENTAGE / ACCOUTABILITY
SIMPLE DIFFICULT EXAMPLE

 Account for  Constitute  In Britain, the highest

 Stand at  Gain proportion was spent on
accommodation, which
 Make up  Register
accounted for 30%
 Hold  Possess
POPULAR MISTAKES IN WRITING TASK 1
The amount of cars The number of cars Cẩn thận danh từ đếm được
was over 1000 was over 1000 và danh từ không đếm được
The rate of film The rate of film Không viết bị động đối với
production was production increased tăng / giảm / biến thiên
increased trong task 1
The coal consumption The coal consumption Không dùng ‘raise’ khi diễn
raised rose tả ‘tăng’ trong task 1
The coal consumption The coal consumption Quá khứ đơn của ‘rise’ là
rised rose ‘rose’
Uncountable nouns: Energy, Equipment, Staff, People, Information, Data, Evidence.
UPGRADE VOCABULARY

COMMON ACADEMIC MEANING
Very Infinitely Rất
Expensive Exorbitant Đắt đỏ
Useless Futile Vô dụng
Easy Straightforward Dễ dàng
Enhance Augment Làm tăng lên
Interesting Intriguing Thú vị
Fun Blissful Vui vẻ
City Metropolis Thành phố
Standard Benchmark Tiêu chuẩn
Poor areas Poverty-stricken regions Các khu vực nghèo
Poor countries Underprivileged countries Các quốc gia nghèo
Developing countries Countries in a backward Các quốc gia đang phát

state triển
Danger Jeopardy Sự nguy hiểm
Impact Implication Ảnh hưởng
Cause Trigger Gây ra
Common Ubiquitous Thông thường

A lot of A vast number of Rất nhiều

A whole host of
A multitude of
Represent Signify Trình bày
Boring Monotonous Chán
Replace Substitute Thay thế
Solve Address Giải quyết
Reduce Mitigate Giảm nhẹ
Use Harness Sử dụng
Reduce Curb Giảm nhẹ
Spoil / Destroy Thwart Làm hư hỏng
Strange Bizarre Kỳ lạ
Effort Endeavor Nỗ lực
Disappearance Demise Biến mất
Fame Eminence Danh tiếng
Understand Perceive Hiểu
Bad Detrimental Có hại
Good Conducive Có lợi

In view of In the light of Theo quan điểm
Dangerous Hazardous Nguy hiểm
Safe Free of Hazard An toàn
Harm Undermine Gây hại
Depend on Be reliant on Phụ thuộc
Reflect Mirror Phản ánh
Pollute Contaminate Gây ô nhiễm
Too much Excessively Quá mức
Strong Vigorous Mạnh mẽ
A small number of A handful of Một số lượng nhỏ

END
Cảm ơn tất cả các bạn đã đọc đến hết trang này, mình tin chắc quá trình học tập – làm việc – biên soạn của mình đã/đang/sẽ
giúp tất cả anh chị em rất nhiều trong việc hình thành một phong cách nói hay và truyền đạt thông tin chính xác, rõ ràng. Các
bạn phải học cùng với video thì mới hiệu quả nha do điểm mạnh của mình là giảng bài, và tất nhiên đọc kỹ bài mình sửa siêu chi
tiết cho bạn, một lỗi grammar nhỏ tẹo mình cũng không bỏ qua đâu ạ.
Mình, với khả năng 8.0 tất cả kỹ năng trở lên và sự cố gắng vô hạn, mỗi ngày mình sẽ đóng góp cho bạn nhiều hơn trong sự
nghiệp lan toả cách học ngoại ngữ - tiếng anh này nha. Tiếng anh quan trọng lắm đó bạn ạ, nó sẽ không “chết” trong vô vàn
năm sau đâu nên hãy biến nó thành công cụ phục vụ công việc của bạn nha. Hihi
Mình yêu thương và mong chúc các bạn, các anh chị em học được rất nhiều từ bài giảng của mình.
Nhớ hứa với mình nè, ngoắc tay in dấu hứa nè, đừng chia sẻ/đừng bán/đừng cho miễn phí nha, hãy để giá trị của công sức, tiền
bạc chúng ta được dùng một cách đúng nghĩa nha. Huhu. Yêu lắm!
Cô Phan Quỳnh – Thầy Tuấn Mai


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IELTS WRITING ONLINE

TUAN QUYNH BAND 7.0 – 8.0 +

Yêu thương cả nhà nhiều

Cô Phan Quỳnh – Thầy Tuấn Mai

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[pro] = professional vocabulary

[phr.] = phrasal verbs / nouns / adverbs / adjectives

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OPENING. GENERAL STRUCTURE

Opening comprises of 2 sentences following the below structure:

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Sen 02. I agree/disagree with this statement

ADVANTAGES – DISADVANTAGES / PROS AND CONS

PROBLEMS AN SOLUTIONS / CAUSES AND EFFECT

DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS

Sen 02. Both views of this trend/this matter will be discussed

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BODY 1. GENERAL STRUCTURE

Body 1 comprises of 5 sentences following the below structure:

EXAMPLE & PRACTICE.

Topic 1. There is no need to complete an education beyond a primary school

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1- Glue eyes into something: (col): Gán mắt vào …

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1- Competition: Sự cạnh tranh

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BODY 2. GENERAL STRUCTURE

Body 2 comprises of 5 sentences following the below structure:

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Topic 1. Environment protection is the responsibility of politicians rather than

1- Galvanize: (pro) = Encourage: Khuyến khích/Động viên

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CONCLUSION. GENERAL STRUCTURE

Conclusion comprises of 2 sentences following the below structure:

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You can either use [ By considering ] or:

1- Traffic collision: (pro): Tai nạn giao thông

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Sen 01. _________________________________________________________

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Sen 01. _________________________________________________________

Sen 01. _________________________________________________________

Ex. 3. Translate these paragraphs into English

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WRI. 5. REVISION 2 5 5 2 STRUCTURE – 14 SENTENCES

TYPE. ADVANTAGES – REASONS – AGREE – DISAGREE DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS

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TYPE. ADVANTAGES – REASONS – AGREE – DISAGREE DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS

Sen 01. Topic sentence.

Sen 01. Topic sentence.

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