ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SEMESTER SEPT/2019

MPU3223_V2

BACHELOR OF BUSSINESS ADMINSTRATION WITH HONOUR

NO. MATRIKULASI : 940527075018001

NO. KAD PENGNEALAN : 940527075018
NO. TELEFON : 0109760235
E-MEL : yogeswaryoum@outlook.com

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : OUM SEBERANG JAYA,P.PINANG

 <KOD KURSUS>
CONTENT
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 1.0 INTRODUCTION OF ENTREPRENUERSHIP

Entreprenuership is the practice of forming a new business or commercial enterprise,usually

in a an industry or sector of the economy with a large capacity for growth.Entreprenuership is
driven by the entreprenuership, aperson who launches and overseas the operation of a new
business venture.
Entreprenuership is the art of starting a business,basically a startup company offering creative
product,process or service.We can say that it is an activity full of creativity.An entreprenuer
perceives everything as a chance and display bias in taking decision to exploit the chance.
An entreprenuership is a creator or a designer who design new ideas and business processes
according to the mous entreprenuers are market requirment and his/her own passion.To be a
succesful entreprenuer,it is vey important to have managerial skill and strong team building
abilities.Leadership attributes are a sign of sucessfull entreprenuers.Some political econimists
regard leadership,mangement ability and team building skills to be essential qualities of an
entrepreneur.An entreprenuer is an innovator or a creator who introduces something new to
the firm or economy.It can be a new method of production,a new product,a new source of
material,a new market or any other similar innovation.Thus,an entreprenuer is an
innovator,creator,borrower,purchaser,etc.Some famous entreprenuers are Azim
Premji,Lakshmi Mittal and Ekta kapoor.
2.0 DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENUERSHIP

Entreprenuership is the pursuit of oppurtunity beyond resources controlled.Merriam-

Webster gives a definition that’s closer to what most of us would probably offer the English
learner,an entreprenuership is a person who starts a bussiness and is willing to risk loss in
order to make money.

The capacity and willingness to develop,organize and manage a busniss venture along
with any of its risks in order to make a profit.The most obvious example of entreprenuership
is the starting of new businesses.

In economics,entreprenurship combined with land,labor,natural resources and capital

can produce profit.Entreprenuership spirit is characterized by innovation and risk taking,ans
is an essential part of a nation’s ability to succed in an ever changing and incresingly
competitive global marketplace.

3.0 INTRODUCTION OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT

Macro environment. The major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an
Organization’s decision making, and effect its performance and strategies. These factors
include the economic factors are demographics, legal, political, and social conditions:
technological changes and natural forces.

A macro environment is the condition that exists in the economy as a whole,rather

than in a particular sector or region.In general,the macro environment includes trends in gross
domestic product(GDP),inflation,employment,spending,and monetary and fiscal policy.

Exchnging information,an organization and its environment exchange information

between themselves.Organization need information about the external environment for
planning,decision making and control purpose.Hence,the analyze the environment’s variables
along with studying their behaviour and changes.

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 Macro environment is the remote environment of the firm,i.e the external
environment in which it exists.As a rule this environment is not controllably bt the firm,it is t
huge and to unpredictable to control.

Hence the succes of the company,to a large extent will depend on the companys
ability to adapt and react to the changes in the macro environment. Primarily the company
has to closely monitor the various elements of macro environment.This will help them
understand the dynamic nature of the macro environment.It also helps them adapt to the
constant changes in the environment.

The macro environment consists of six different forces are

Demographics,economics,political,ecological,sociocultural,and technological forces.This can
be easily be remembered.The DESTEP mode also called DESTEP model helps to consider
the different factors of the macro environment.

A macro environment is the condition that exists in the economy as a whole,rather

than in a particular sector or region.In general, the macro environment includes trends in the
gross domestic product(GDP), inflation, employment, spending and monetary and fiscal
policy. These are six elements of macro environment in entrepreneurship:-

Figure 1
The Macro Environment
marketing-insider.eu

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 4.0 SIX FORCES IN THE MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL

Maco environment,the major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an

organization’s decision making,and affects its performance ans startegies.These factors
include the economic factors, demographics, legal, political and social conditions
tecnological changes anf natural forces.

4.1.1 Demogrphics Force

Demographics factors is socioeconomic characteristics of a population

expressed statistifically,such as agr,sex,education level,income level,marital
status,occupation,religion,birth rate,death rate,average size of a family,average age at
marriage.The demographics segmentation of any industry primarily includes the age
and life cycle,gender,income,generation and social class factors(Larsen,2010).With
regards to the fashion industry of Australia,the brands cater to all genders.Any fashion
industry cannot restrict itself to anly one gender and hence clothing for all genders are
designed and marketed well.When it comes to income groups,altough the most
popular brands cater to the high income groups,however there is a large market for
middle income and low income group individuals as well.Futhermore,clothing and
fashionable clothes are avaible for individuals who belongs to any
generation.Whether it is infants,toddlers,children,adults,teenagers or elderly
people,clothing can be availed at stores very easily.There are no evedent social class
factors that disturb the overall functioning of the industry.

4.1.2 Economic Force

Economic forces are the factors that help to determine the competitiveness of
the environment in which the firm operates.These factors include:Unemployment
level,inflation rate.There can be positive as well as negative affects of the economy on
the fashion line.When the economy enhances there is more disposable income int he
pocketsof people and they indulge more into buying good clothes.Thus fashion
industry an incresed sale trend.Recessions on the other hand hits the industry
negatively where sales become lower significantly and large inventory being
stuck.The economies conditions of the ecompany and the performance of a business
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 have a very close relationship.A business depends on the economy for all inputs and
factors of production.It also sells its products and services int he same market.A
market is never in one stable condition.It is laways in a flux.If there is a boom in the
market then all bussinesses will benefit from the favorable conditions.The income will
be higher,rate of interests will be low,new capital will be avaible etc.Also,the opposite
is also true in case of a bust.

4.1.3 Socio Culture Force

Social and cultural forces in other words,socio-cultural forces consider the various
social factors that can affect the bussiness directly or indirectly such as the
religion,family,wealth and health of a particular population which can change over a
course of time.Fashion industry is a consumer industry and hence is affected by the
sociacultural external factors as well.For an instance the fashion designing company
might have to design apparels catering to defferent culturess and sociaties.Wholesalers
and retailers cater to what is in the demand in the society for decades.The consumer
group has a change in their fashion preferences as they hit their 40s and 50s.All such
factors affect the industry in Australia.The social values and culture of an environment
play a huge role in the functioning of the company.So when the social environemnt
changes it can have a direct or indirect effect on the company.For example in recent time
society has seen a shift,and people no longer retire at 60.They work five to ten years
more after sixty.So this had a huge impact on companies.

4.1.4 Technological Force

The influrnces that developments in technology have on consumers,business and

society in general.Some positive technological forces include incresed leisure
time,improved communication and better managment information systems,while some
negatives might include incresed unemployment and information abuse.In the times live
in,technology is constantly changing it is important that the business can keep up with
the changes.Technology does not only confine to computer an IT services.It includes
products manufacturing processes,techniques etc.The technological development can be
a huge advantage for a firm.But at the same time of the obsolete due to such
developments,then it can also be a threat to the firm.

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 4.1.5 Ecological Forces

Abiot and biotic ecological factors are major driving forces for the evolution of host-
parasite interaction and immune defence.In this case,the environmental factors may act as a
potent selective force that directly determines the distribution of host genotypes and
ecological forces in the macro environment are important since they are about the natural
resources which are needed as inputs by marketers or which are affected by their marketing
activities.Ecology and physical environment play a huge part in the performance of any
bisuness.This is especially true for manufacturing/production companies.Let us take the
example for global warming.This change in our physical environment has started affecting
the rainfal in certain regions.This in turn may affect the crops and cause a shortage in raw
materials such as jute,cotton,rubber etc. Weather conditions,topographical location,climate
changes and other ecological factors are a very important elements in the macro environment
of a business.

4.1.6 Political Forces

Political forces in the marketing environment that are shaped by elected(and

sometimes appointed) officials that impact the decision made by a business
organization.Government officials can enact laws that could cause serious harm to
specific business sectors.The fashion industry in Australia is affected by numerous
political macro environmental factors.For example,workers rights are one such factors.In
the, various manufacturing plants,if wagesof medical benefits are having a less favorable
effects on workers then the union workers can interfere.Such worker picketing affects
production.Delays can occur when the designer is working hard to be ready for the
Spring or Fall Fashion show in time.Problems like trade embergo forces fashion
wholesalers for fetching new supplier thus affecting profit and sales. The political
environment of a country is the combination of three branches of the goverment-
legislature,executive and the judiciary.The political environment of a country will
mainly depends on the political beliefs and ideologies of the party in power at the state
and central levels.

The legal environmentrefers to the rules,laws,regulation and judgements etc,that

affects the functioning of a business.And this will also include the taxation laws and the

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Budget for the given year.So stable legal and political government is really important if
the business and the economy as a whole has to succeed.

5.0 INTRODUCTION OF TOYOTA

Toyota Motors Corporation(TMC)shortly Toyota,is a japanese multination

automotive Manufacturer headquaetered in Toyota,Aichi Japan.
In 2017,Toyota consists of 364,445 employees worlwide.By Octobr 2017 Toyota was
the fifth largest company by revenue in the world.As of 2017,Toyota is the world’s
second-largest automotive manufacturer.Toyoya was the world’s first automobile
manufacturer to produce more then 10 million vehicles per year which it has done
since 2012.As of july 2014,Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by
marketcapitalization twice as soft bank and by revenue,
Toyota is the world’s market leader in sales of Hybrid electric vehicles,and one
of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid veicles
across the globe.Toyota is also a market leader in Hybrid fuel cell vehicles.Over all
global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10
mollion milestones in the year 2017.Toyota’s Prius family is the world’s top selling
hybrid vehicle with over 6 million units sold worldwide till 2017.
The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937,as a spinoff from his
father’s company Toyota industries to create automobiles.Three yearsearlier,in
1934,while still a department of Toyota industries,it created its first product,the Type
A engine,and its first passenger car in 1936,the Toyota AA.

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 Figure 2
TOYOTA HEAD QUARTERS
www.toyotair.com

Figure 3
TOYOTA CITY MAP

5.1 8 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT TOYOTA

Toyota company,without question,is one of the most revered names in automotive

production across the world.But it didn’t get there overnight.Nearlyevery 8 out of 10
cars on Africa’s roads are emblazoned Toyota.Also,almost every family in the world
that owns a car has a Toyota in the range.For most people in Africa,the fact that
Toyotais a Japanese car manufacturer is enough to help them make their decision of
whether or not they want to buy that car.
However,Toyota history is the long expansion in the Japanese market,this famous
brand has some interesting noteson the books.Here is a list of 10 cool Toyota facts
that you probably don’t know.

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Toyota is one of the world’s most popular car manufacturers,being known for its
unique quality products.Launched in Japan,it is now known worldwide ,having 52
manufacturing companies in 27 countries and regions excluding Japan and 170
countries as markets for its vehicles(Toyota 2010).

5.2 Historical Overview

Toyota started as a part of the Toyoda Automotic Loom Worksin 1993 and was under
the direction of the founder’s son,Kiichiro Toyoda.Nowdays,Toyota is best known
for its car,although the company was mainly specializing in manufacturing looms.The
Toyodo Automatic Loom Works still exist and their products are avaible
worldwide.Toyota Motor Co.was separated from the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works
in 1937 and it became an independent company.The name Toyota was chosen to show
a separation from the home life to the works life of the founders.Being on the edge of
bankruptcy in 1949 was not an impedimentfor Toyota.Even if Toyota has struggled,it
managed to revive during the Lorean War when 5000 cars were ordered by the US
army.Toyota started to expand in 1960 through reserach and development and it
managed to establish a worldwide presence.

5.2.1 It was orginally Toyota,with a D

Kiichiro Toyoda who is the eldest son of Toyoda Loom Works founder Sakichi
Toyoda,made the decision for the company into automobile manufacturer
industry,Toyota Motors Corporation was established in 1937.From the
beginning,Toyoda (in english)and its kanji version were used as the
official.However,as the growth and expansion goals for exporting into the US,an
emblem which would work in Japanese and english was more appropriate.After a
competition for a new name held by the company,Toyota was voted as a poplar
choice among many because of its association with the lucky number eight in
Japanese.

5.2.2 Fastest Selling Car

Since 1966,Toyota has been manufacturing ans selling Corolla every 37 seconds on
average.As of 2013,the rate has gone much faster at every 27 seconds on average.The

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sales have hit an unprecendented 40 million,which is mind-boggling.The Toyota
Corollo is the most common Toyota brand on African roads.

5.2.3 Best Resale Value

According to many market types of research that have been carried out in the last
decade,Toyota has the most models for cars with best resale value in the market.From
Toyota Land Cruiser for premium utility vehicles to hybrid Toyota Prius for
alternativefuel vehicles,Toyota’s units sell like hot cakes in the previously owned
vehicles businesses.

5.2.4 Old Toyotas are Still on the Road

One famous point of Toyota facts is its durability.People say that Toyotas run
forever,and that is not far from the truth.Statistcs show that eighty percent of Toyota
that was sold 20 years ago ares still on the road today.Think about it for a minute.Just
how many older Toyota do you see in a day?See you didnt know as much as you
thought you did about Toyota.However,now you probably learn more about.It is
officially.Toyota has surged of competitors and others famous brands to be crowned
as the leading Global Green Brand.Lastb year,the company ewas ranked by the Inter
Surveyas the number 1 out of the Green brands.Toyota cares for the environment.

5.2.5 Best Selling Numberplate

Accordingly the the statistics,Corolla is the best-selling nameplate for vehicled all
over the world.As of 2013,the total numberof Toyota Corolla nameplates that have
been sold is 30 million,which is astonishing.What is even more astonishing is that it
has been the best selling nameplates since 1997 when the cumulative sales went over
30 million units.

5.2.6 Highest Number of Plates

The records stands at over 1000 global patents.And it is held by Toyota .The company
is all set to introduce numerous new models in the coming future.It means that we are
set for some more innovations coming from this famous brand.

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5.2.7 The World Wide Business
One of blowing mind Toyota facts is ths brand even more famous than Coca-
Cola.Cola-Cola mayhave got beyond merely 100 nations.On the other hand,Toyota
has business operation in a large 170 counteries and growing.Toyota has made sure
they are reachable to car lovers nearly in every country in the world.

5.2.8 A Huge R And D Budget

Just think about this each yera Toyota spends over 9 billion dollars(thats American,by
the way) R And D(Research And Development)towards the future
concepts,ideas,designs and all kinds of automobile technologies.All this is in a bid to
provide the best for their customers.

6.0 TOYOTA EFFECT IN MACRO ENVIRONMENT TO THE COMPANY

There are many factors in the macro environment that will affect the decision of the
managers of any organizationin this whole world.Tax changes,new laws,trades
barries,demographic change and goverment policy,political changes are all examples
of macro change.There are so many effects in macro environments .
Additionaly,inflation,unemployment rates,and taxes are macro environment factors
that affect businesses and consumers on a day-to-day basic.The economy and
consumers are influences in the macro environment that effect businesses.And they
are critical when conducting a macro environment analysis.The natural environments
is antother importantfactor of the macro-environments.This includes the natural
resources that a company uses as inputs that effects their marketing activities.The
concern in this area is the increased pollution,shortage of raw matirials and incresed
govermental intevention.Some factors such as the economy will slowly affect every
and all business.Additionally,inflation,unemployment rates,and taxes are macro
environment factor that affect businesses and consumers on a day-to-day basis.The
economy and consumer are influences in the macro environment that affect all
bussinesses.The macro environment consists of six different forces.These
are:Demographic,Economic,Political,Ecological,Socio-Cultural and Technological
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forces.This can easily be remembered;the DESTEP model,also called DEPEST
model,helps to consider the different factors of the macro environement.The factors
that make up the macro environment are ecomics factors,demographics
forces,technological factors,natural and physical forcrs,political and legal forces and
social and cultural forces.There are six forces and the effect to the company.

The effects of physical to the company are like features like

land,water,climate,wildlife and vegetation are natural components of the pysical
environemnt in which we live and operate our businesses.On the other
hand,dams,roads,premises and much more are human-made resources that affectsyour
business.

Companies are afected by changes in the technological forces

environment.Technological chnage offers risks,oppurtunities and threats to
businesses.Some businesses can leverage changing technology to improve products
and processes or even create new products and processes that will exoand markets and
profits.Technology afects all of us.Technology can cataput a business to success or
destry it.In this lesson,you will learn about technology,technology change,and
creative destruction.A short quiz follows.Technology is change to improvement in the
art of making products or developing processes.Barney biggest threat is new
technological products and processes that are destroying the tradisional print
industry.A technology product is just something that man created using the
application of knowledge to improve a person life,environment or society.In Barney
case,the case technology products wreaking havoc with his business are e-readers and
computer tablets.Every year,more and more consumers are ditching the printed word
for digital.A technology process is a means to make and improve products and
services.For example,the tradisional manner of printing magazines involved a
mechanical printing press.Now,a new technology process has been developed to
digitize the magazine to be transmitted and stored electronically.Barney figures if he
cannots beat technology change,then his company must embrace it.He has decide to
turn his print magazine into a digital one that will be readable on all major e-readers
and computer tablets.

Demographic forces is about the characteristics of the population in a specific area

and includes multiple factors like age,race,income,etc.Further most busnissses find
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the data with respect to these factors within the targeted demographic variable of
interest as it can affects the growth and success of a business.A maro environment is a
part of external environment of an organization.This is beyond the control and
influence of the enterprise but has a huge influence on its functions.Further,it consists
of many aspects like people,organization,etc,which influence the business of an
organization.In this article,we will focus on the aspect of the demographic
environment aspect like people.Foe example,india has around sixteen percent of the
worlds population and is second to china.Also india has a relatively younger
population compared to China.Therefore,many international companies are targeting
india as a potential market for various products/services.Every business can be
concerned with different aspects or demographics characteristic of a population.While
for some business,age can be an important Factor,for some others it can be the
geographical spread.Lets look at four major characteristic of the domographic
environment that business strategists use to determine the competitiveness of the
company:
 Meaning and Characteristics of Business Environment
 Importance of Business Environemnt
 Relationship between an Organization and its Environment
 Environment Impact amd Analysis.

In additioan to a company’s interactions with the market and its customer,socio-

cultural forces factors also impact a company’s internal decision-making process.For
example,changing gender roles and increasing emphasis on family lifr led to increased
respect for maternity and paternity with organizations.Your business doesn’t operate
in a vacuum.espeacially if you do alot of work overseas.This means societal and
cultural changes cna have an impact on your company based on how your target
audiences attitudes and moods shift over time.Socio-cultural factors can invlve social
attitudes,beliefs,education,legal structure and political ideology.You dont have to
overhaul your ocmpanysmission statement and value based on the whims of your
audience.However,as society and culture change,your responsibility asa business
owner or leader is to adapt and stay ahead of your competitors and remains relevent in
the minds of your consumers.One of the major socio-cultural factors influencing
businesses and business decision is changing consumer preferences.What was popular
today or 10 years down the road.Different styles and priorities can undermine long

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succesful products and services.For example,a clothing company must constantly be
aware of changing preferences when creating new products or it will quickly become
outdated.Toyota experiences the effects of social or sociocultural factors.The
dimension of the PESTEL/PESTLE analysis model pertains to the main
social/socialcultural external factors in the firm remote or macro environment:

 Increasing interest in hybrid cars(opportunity)

 Increasing interest in electric cars(opportunity)
 Widening wealth gap(threat)
Toyota has the opportunity to provide more products that satisfy customers increasing
interest in hybird and electric vehicles.However,the company must consider the
windening wealth gap,which is a threat bacause it coressponds to a declining middle
class.The middle class is the main revenue source of Toyota .In this dimension of
Toyota PESTLE analysis,the social external factor of the widening wealth gap is a
major concern.

7.0 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND

TECHNOLOGY FACTORS OF TOYOTA

7.1 FACTORS OF ECONOMY

The threats to Toyota are mostly related to Economic stability.The economic

slowdown and recession has effected the sales of the automobiles that are
manufactured by the company in the Americas and the other parts of the globe as
well.This has significantly impacted the company in the international market as well.
Economic factors that drive international business more effective includesthat factors
are related to the cost of production,market demand supply of resourcesand market
competitor.Based on previous studies by Wei and Wu(2001),the economy grows in
the newly-industrializing countries such as Taiwan,Hong Kong,Singapore,Korea and
the opening up of China and Eastern Europe have provided an additional stimulus to
international business activities espeacially in China.In that case,any multinational

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company wants to start up their business activities must look the current economy in
the country which they want.According to a study by Lammarino and
McCann(2013),developments in industrial economics,trade theory and economic
geography should move parallel to ensure have led to the developmento of formal and
consistence.It can chosen set up the business which is the country must have a good
economic situation stability and good progress such as United State and Singapore.
However,they also look for the lowest cost for production includes the cost of
labour.Many industrial sectors always looks for various conducts for cost cutting to
ensure maximum profitability in frthcoming periods.As mentioned by
Aeppel(2002),found that the majority of companies will reduce production costs for
two benefits in return,and one of them is the maximum profit.Generally,we know
Indonesia and India,which is a country wage of labour quite lower will become the
costs of production for Toyota Automotive more less.According to Campaign and
Alliance(2014),India and Indonesia among the countries that still carry out the policy
of minimum wage is lower comparedto other countries in East Asia.Looking at the
economic factors that meant,Toyota chose countries with low labour costs for the
production of products such as India and Indonesia and other countries with strong
economic growth for the purpose of marketing a product such as the US and
Singapore .According Toyota(2016),which has Europe become a lead as a distributor
of their product and the Asia Country lead as a manufacture.

7.2 THE FACTORS OF POLITIC

The Political aspect is also to ensure the international business activity more easy and
smooth.It is included factors like legal and goverment drivers.Accordingly to
Kluyer(2001) and Gelersbach(2010),political risks in international business are very
large because it is difficult to anticipate changes in the political potential to
significantly affect the profitability or business goals.The politic risks may be related
to political instability,but its not necessary.
Following a study by Richard,Devinney,Yip and Johnson (2009),the succesful
performance of multinational companies depends to a great extent on te political
environment of the host country.The political environment refers to forces and issues
exist from the political decision of goverment,which are capabel of altering the
expected outcomes and value of a given economic action,by changing the probability
of achieveing business objectives.According Ibeto(2011),which is change of the
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political environemnt arising from changes in goverment polivies and programmes
would influence the ability of economic entitles in achieveing their goal.
For this matter,Toyota Company have present their business activities which country
has a good politic situation and more liberal economists such as in the euro country of
the largest number of Toyota distribution (Toyota,2016).Refers to European
Commision Trade(2010),even though the EU the most high of import tariffs,but the
stillness is among the most open economies in the world and and also faces high
tariffs on its exports to some countries and regions.

7.3 FACTORS OF CULTURAL

Nowdays environmental issues under legislation and directives from

customers,espeacilly in the US,the European Union9EU0,and Japan become an
important concern for manufacturers and industries,
(Seman,Zakuan,Jusoh,Arif&Saman,2012).According Toyota(2016),they had
indentified key environmental issues for six chanllenege ,Life Cycle
Zero,CO2,Emission Challenge,Plant Zero C02 Emmision Challeneg,Challenge of
Minimizing and Optimizing Wter Usage,Challenge of Establishing a Recycling-based
Society and System ,and Challenge of Establisihing a Future Society in Hamony with
Nature.For that challenge,Toyota has initiated a partnership with one of the
international organization,IUCN,to provide funding to expand knowledge of threats to
global biodiversity.
Now,Toyota is looking the best technology to ensure their automotive product is
parallel with six challenge of indentifying because almost industries are competing to
become the most popular of the greeen Multinational Company.Following previous
studies by Large and Thomsen (2011)and Azevedo,Carvalho and
Machoda(2011),which is obtained the conceptual model from data analysis that
provide evidence as to which green Managing Valueand Supply Chains practices have
positive effects on qaulity,customers satisfaction and efficiency also negative effects
on supply chain performance.Cultural society more to care for the environment so that
the manufacturing industry has declined over the stability of nature.

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8.0 RECOMMEND IMPROVEMENT IN MACRO ENVIRONMENT TO THE
TOYOTA MANUFACTURER

I would like to give some suggestion for the Toyota manufacturer improvement.Business
improvement has been described as the process of a thing moving from one state to a state
that is considered to be better usually through some action or intervention inteneded to bring
about that change an dimprovement.The process improvement startegy refers to the
vision,goals and set of steps that will enable an organization’s processes to achieve a
sustainable competitive adavantage by addressing ineffiencies,waste,palnt and asset
condition,and culture within the process and its stakeholders.The suggestion i have made is to
improve Toyota manufacturer to the extreme level.Some of the suggestion are:
 8.1 Manufacturing-The Toyota car manufacturer has to manufacture new cars in
unique and attractive design then other global car manufacturers. The design of car is
more important to sale the new input.Manufacturer need to design new car uniquely
then similar to other global car manufacturer.Attraction is the first thing for the
buyer,if the car is made in different design ,it will cause a big sale for Toyata car
manufacturer and to improvement business.When the car is made the workers need to
shoot the process of making new car and make in a subcopy and play it every
showroom and roadside LCD Monitor to see how the car is made and the process.It
can cause attraction to the buyer too.The manufacturer need to be patiently to
complete the output(car)untill passed to the showroom.The manufacturer need to
analysis more about other global car manufacturer and make sure to not make it
similar to it.The parts that fixed in car need to use the new onw not reuse parts.The
capacity of engine need to be in avarage limit to avoid over speed .The engine should
to be in good quality and have to make a cover for a safety eventhough its in coveres
surface.The manufacturer need to a transparent box to put RAODTAX and
PUSPAKOM linces inside to avoid lost and its can make attrative to woman customer
too.First of all the qaulity of parts ,engine,body,car tyres,body kit and etc: is more
important to the car manufacturer sales.I would like to suggest the car headlight need
to make in LED and tinted one layer for eye protection of other vehicle drivers. The
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 main thing in car is seat that provided,the ,manufacturer need to make comfartable car
seat which can the seat with soft cushion to avoid back pain and with comfartable
surface for each seat.

 8.2 Show room-Showroom is the place where customer/buyer come to visit and have
a look the cars and decided to purchase car or not.So that ,the showroom always need
to be clean,neat,so that customer will have a peace in that place .Staff with uniforms
and look professional,is more important to a salesman/saleswoman which will make
customer more trust and comfortable.Other then this,staff in showroom need to care
customer with ur good manner,attitude,and they way you explain about cars,and more
knowledge about car it doesnt matter what laungage staff using as long its very
knowlegdeable about car.As same time the show room need to be full of new cars
which can make customer more comfortable to have a look and easy for buyer ,which
buyer will see the car and knows everything about car before it purchased.So,the
salesman/saleswoman need to explain about the car by standing beside the car and
showing one-by-one to the buyer which is the main things for buyer to think wants to
purchased or not.The salesman/saleswoman need to show the process of car
manufacturing so that the buyer will know more about car and the parts which used
for make it and the quality of products.The showroom have to have a brochuer for
buyer information.Some other things,can do in showroom is paste some templates in
wall about car parts image with informations,the process of car manufacturer with the
process name,the quality of parts and the brand name and etc: for buyer informations
and more knowledge about new cars.
 8.3 Services-The first thing buyer will do after few months is car first service.Car
service is the very important things after the meter reached for the limits of the
mileage.The first service generally takes place when the car is 12 months old or has
completed a certain mileage,depending which comes first.The vihicle’s manual will
provide more details of exactly when rhe manufacturer recommends the first service
takes place.Its important to regularly service your car,even if the service light isnts
on.For some older cars,you shouldnt go more than six months without a service while
modern vehicles can last around 30,000 kilometers without needing a service.So
usually after buyer purchased the car ,the buyer will go to the service center once the
milaege reached the limits so here i would like to suggest after every customer
services their new vehicle the staff from service should contact the buyer and have to
asked the condition after a service,it might increased the sales and the good name of
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 Toyota.Its a kind of attraction customer with good services.While the customer
waiting to finished the car service,the other staff can explain the customer more about
cars,can cleared buyers doubt regarding car,the service center can provide free
breakfast as package of services.The service centre need to develop the service centre
in big space to service car instead of lost customers and sales.The staff in service
centre need to give oppurtunity to buyer to see how their car has serviced.Most
important thing is,the service need to be different services for the second and third
service.They need to incresed the services,to service deep, and more services to all the
parts in car in second,third services then first service like how the money is incresed
to level of services.So this different services will make customer make more
happy,comfortable to do more services in same Toyota sevice centre.
 8.4 Attractive colours-The colour for success tells of the astonishing transformation
of Asian in United States from the Yellow peril to model minoriries,people distint
from the white majority but lauded as well assimilated,upwardly mobile,and
exemplers or traditional family values in the middle decaddes of the twentieth.Usually
all the global car manufacturer will made a car in same random colours which is
red,blue,yellow,black ,white,purple,grey,gold.So that ,why not Toyota manufacturer
made a car with attractive colours like Apple Green,Cyan blue,Turquoise Green,Black
Metalic which can cause high sales.Attraction means‘ love at first side‘ so if the
Toyata cars in different colours,design and quality sure will be attract by many people
around the world and make it to high sales.
 Insurances Claim-Because many cars accident settlement checks are issued by
insurance companies out-of-state banks,they can take time to clear.In most cases,the
time period for clearing the bank is seven business days but can be ten days in some
cases.Here i would like to suggest ,the insurances have to be faster to claim the
insurance.Make easy for the accident victims to claim insurances.The insurances
people need to inform Toyota company immideatly after car Toyota car accident to
make the claim procedure smooth.

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9.0 CONCLUSION

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TASK 2
REFLECTIVE REPORT
It was in the month of April 2020 ,when my Entreprenuership in Business
Adminstration subject were going to be end.I had been asked to prepare a report on the
subject of Global car manufacturer.I has choose Toyota manufacturing as my topic.Report
which was supposed to give insight about busines and they work to the concerned
organization in various respect such as the evolution,meaning,scope,benefits,risks
involved,the various challenges involved,the various challenges
involved,implementation,major players,and the functional areas and many important issues
which need to be taken care off.However,i have been familiar with corparate
entrepreneurship and had read it as subject and various bsiness and management in
general,but while going deep level of knowledge and understanding for the subject.
Indeed,i have been able to expand my general knowledge related to
entreprenuership,meet new people,open my mind,improve myself as a person and create a
small business with students from other backgrounds. For proper understanding for the
subject even one has to go for numerous research papers,case studies and many more stuff so
as to get to the depth how it works in the corporate world.It was also expected that had to go
through published reports in magazines,poetals and newspaper abour corporate
entreprenuership and business management in various organizations and even include the
results in my reports for ready reference.I was also supposed to choose one global car
manufacturer and discuss about macro environment.I have choosen Toyota as my choice and
explaned about Toyota and the elements.By this assigment i have learnt more about car
manufacturing and business development.Other then this, i learnt how the company
develop,where Toyota start from,and etc.From this i have learnt for company development
and sales achievement.
As typical for my project,the reserach for this Toyota manufacturing process i have
learnt more about this manufacturing,discuss about this with friends,search more deatils in
internet and etc.which i spend dozens of hours for complete my assigment.Now i understand
how difficult to manufacture a car with new idea suach as,new colour,new design and new
part with goods quality and the most things have to defferent then before.We as buyer just go
and purchased a car without knowing any information about car manufacturing and
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background but now i understood how its made and elements-elements have in macro
environment.
In additionall,now i understand what is acro environment and the elements.

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