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    GE Challenge Problem Statement 2009

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    looserlooser
    The document provides an overview of an aircraft engine design project where the goal is to propose modifications to a baseline turbofan engine configuration to meet thrust and fuel burn requirements for a new aircraft application, outlining deliverables that include assessing the baseline design and presenting a modified design that minimizes specific fuel consumption through adjustments to cycle parameters within given guidelines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    GE Challenge Problem Statement 2009

    Uploaded by

    looserlooser
    95 views11 pages
    The document provides an overview of an aircraft engine design project where the goal is to propose modifications to a baseline turbofan engine configuration to meet thrust and fuel burn requirements for a new aircraft application, outlining deliverables that include assessing the baseline design and presenting a modified design that minimizes specific fuel consumption through adjustments to cycle parameters within given guidelines.

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    GE Challenge Problem Statement 2009(1)

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    The document provides an overview of an aircraft engine design project where the goal is to propose modifications to a baseline turbofan engine configuration to meet thrust and fuel burn requirements for a new aircraft application, outlining deliverables that include assessing the baseline design and presenting a modified design that minimizes specific fuel consumption through adjustments to cycle parameters within given guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    95 views11 pages

    GE Challenge Problem Statement 2009

    Uploaded by

    looserlooser
    The document provides an overview of an aircraft engine design project where the goal is to propose modifications to a baseline turbofan engine configuration to meet thrust and fuel burn requirements for a new aircraft application, outlining deliverables that include assessing the baseline design and presenting a modified design that minimizes specific fuel consumption through adjustments to cycle parameters within given guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    g GEAE GE Aircraft Engines

    The Aircraft Engine Design Project- Engine Cycles


    Design Problem Overview

    Spring 2009 Ken Gould


    Phil W
    Weed
    d
    1
    g Background GE Aircraft Engines

    The Aircraft Engine Design Project- Engine Cycles


    A new aircraft application is soliciting proposals for a candidate engine.
    Your design team has been asked to put together a proposal that meets the
    intended aircraft requirements. In addition, because of the significant costs
    of jet fuel, your marketing team has learned that engine fuel burn capability
    will be the tie breaking figure of merit in the airframer’s final decision.
    Your company has a turbofan configuration that has been certified and is in
    service. This engine or a modified version will be used as the basis for a
    configuration to meet the aircraft/engine system requirements.

    2
    g GE Aircraft Engines

    CFM56-3
    3
    g GE Aircraft Engines

    Fan
    Bypass Flow

    Compressor HPT LPT


    Inlet
    Combustor
    Air Flow Exit
    HP Spool

    LP Spool

    1 2 23 25 3 4 5 9
    19

    Separated Flow Turbofan Cross-Section


    with Booster Stages
    Also for a Turbo-fan:
    Bypass ratio= Bypass Flow/ Core Flow 4
    g Problem Details GE Aircraft Engines

    Aircraft Application Requirement


    1. Aircraft Takeoff Thrust Requirement at Sea Level /MN =.0/Tamb=59F 36000 lbf
    2. Maximum Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) at takeoff 0.320 (lbm /hr)/lbf

    E i D
    Engine Design
    i G Guidelines-
    id li B
    Baseline
    li E Engine:
    i S
    Separated
    t d Fl
    Flow T
    Turbofan
    b f
    1. Inlet- Isentropic with inlet Mach Number (M1) = 0.4
    Inlet Diameter 50 inches
    2. Fan: Pressure Ratio (station 23 to 2) 1.5
    Adiabatic Efficiency .87
    Bypass Ratio (BPR) 6.0
    3. Booster stages: (station 25 to 23)
    a. additional PR 2.0
    b. adiabatic efficiency .87
    4. Compressor Pressure Ratio 8.0
    Adiabatic Efficiency .83
    Maximum Compr Discharge Temp 1200 F
    5. Combustor- no pressure drop 100% efficiency
    6 Hi
    6. HighhP Pressure TTurbine
    bi
    a. Adiabatic efficiency .87
    b. High Pressure Turbine Inlet Temperature 2200 F
    c. Uncooled blades
    7. Low Pressure Turbine
    a. Adiabatic efficiency .89
    b. Uncooled turbine blades
    8. Exhaust (core and bypass stream): isentropic expansion to ambient pressure 5
    g GE Aircraft Engines

    Design Team
    Your design team has been formed to determine if the baseline engine can be used to meet
    the intended aircraft application. If necessary, the team may consider certain cycle parameter
    changes (see below and page 9) for the new design to meet the requirements.

    Deliverables:
    Part A: Preliminary Design Review- With the provided information and some appropriate
    assumptions, determine if the baseline engine configuration meets the aircraft design
    requirements Your team’s
    requirements. team s first deliverable is a working cycle model (a tool that enables you
    to calculate the thermodynamic cycle and engine performance) and the assessment of the
    baseline engine configuration.

    Part B: Final Design Review- Your marketing team has requested additional features to
    enhance your chances of having the winning proposal. Consider different options using your
    cycle deck to improve SFC (i.e. vary fan pressure ratio, bypass ratio, turbine inlet temperature
    etc. within the design guidelines given on page 9). Define a configuration which minimizes
    SFC for the target thrust level and explain your parameter choice from first principles
    principles.

    Note:
    Due to time and budget constraints the upper management has decided that extensive multi-
    dimensional optimizations cannot be considered – your managers are relying on your
    knowledge and skills to apply thermodynamic principles to define the best solution
    6
    g GE Aircraft Engines

    Deliverables continued:

    Document all necessary assumptions as well as additional work or research you completed to
    support your conclusions. Be prepared to present your findings to a panel of reviewers. The
    presented material should include ...
    - your conclusions,
    - solution approach,
    - supporting calculations,
    - assumptions utilized,
    - pertinent references used.

    7
    g Problem Details GE Aircraft Engines
    Thermodynamic parameters
    1. Gas properties
    a. Gamma (function of temperature)
    Use: γ = 1.4000 for inlet , fan, and compressor, bypass
    γ = 1.3333 for combustor, HPT, LPT, and core exhaust
    b. Specific heat
    Use Cp (compressor) = .2400 BTU/(lbm-deg R)
    Cp(combustor) = .2743 BTU/(lbm-deg R)
    Cp(turbine) = .2743 BTU/(lbm-deg R)
    2. Gas constant (R) 53.35 (ft-lbf)/(lbm-deg R)
    3. Energy constant (J) 778 (ft-lbf)/BTU
    4. Gravitational constant (gc) 32.17 (ft-lbm)/(lbf sec^2)
    5. Fuel heating value (FHV) 18550 BTU/lbm
    6. Sea level, ambient conditions
    Ambient temperature (Tamb,Ts0) 59 F
    Ambient pressure (Ps0) 14.696 psia

    8
    g GE Aircraft Engines

    Part II: Design Guidelines


    Consider varying the following parameters when improving your design:
    - Inlet Diameter
    - Bypass Ratio
    - Fan Pressure Ratio
    - Compressor Pressure Ratio
    - High Pressure Turbine Inlet Temperature
    For every 100 deg F increase, you must bleed 2% of the compressor exit
    air to provide turbine cooling. You may consider this air available to do work
    i th
    in the llow pressure tturbine
    bi
    Limitations:
    1. Maximum turbine exit temperature (T5) 1700 F
    2. Compressor Discharge Maximum Temperature (T3) 1200 F
    3. Maximum inlet diameter for Ground Clearance 62.0 inches.
    4. Core size limitations: You may consider changing the core engine airflow in the
    range of –20% to + 50% relative to the baseline engine.

    9
    g Attachment GE Aircraft Engines

    Items for consideration at the Final Design Review

    1. For each of the design parameters you have defined, discuss why you selected the value
    you did
    did. Provide a first-principles based explanation for why each individual parameter
    results in an improvement over the baseline design (for example h-s or T-s diagrams
    might be used to illustrate your changes in the cycle design and their implications).

    2
    2. Did you decide to change the physical size of the core engine? What did you consider
    when making this decision? Discuss the relevant trade-offs that were considered.

    3. Comment on what other unspecified physical or technological constraints may limit


    the magnitude of changes to efficiencies,
    efficiencies pressure ratios
    ratios, or maximum temperature
    levels.

    10
    g Helpful Resources GE Aircraft Engines

    S
    Suggested
    t d References:
    R f

    1) 16.Unified “Thermodynamics & Propulsion” Lecture Notes

    2) Cumpsty, N., “Jet Propulsion”, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

    3) Jet Engine Concepts: www.geae.com/education/engines101

    4) For some virtual reality pictures and movies: www.cfm56-airshow.com

    GE Contacts if Needed:

    1) kenneth.gould@ge.com
    2) philip.weed@ge.com

    www.gecareers.com
    11

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