An Updated Conceptual Model of The Tompaso Geothermal Field Using Numerical Simulation
An Updated Conceptual Model of The Tompaso Geothermal Field Using Numerical Simulation
An Updated Conceptual Model of The Tompaso Geothermal Field Using Numerical Simulation
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Keywords: Tompaso, TOUGH2, natural state, conceptual The application of numerical simulation to update conceptual
model models has, for example, been conducted previously by Ashat
et al., (2019), Supijo et al., (2018) and Kurniawan et al.,
ABSTRACT (2018). The aim of this study was to develop a numerical
Recent geoscience studies and well data suggest that the natural-state model which can represent the natural reservoir
Tompaso geothermal field may have two separate reservoirs. condition of the Tompaso geothermal field. Results of the
The first reservoir is located around the LHD-27 well cluster model could then be used to generate an alternative
in the Pinabetengan area and it has supplied 2×20 MWe at conceptual model. The natural state model and the conceptual
units 5 and 6 of the Lahendong power plant since the year model developed in this study have two separate reservoirs in
2016. The second prospect is located around the Tempang the Tompaso field.
area, which is associated with the Soputan fault. A new
conceptual assessment of the Tompaso area is presented
based on a numerical reservoir model which was constructed
using the TOUHG2 simulator and the EOS1 equation of state.
The reservoir model includes two high-temperature upflows
at the base of the model, including one below the Masam
Crater and one below the Toraget area. The locations of these
upflows were chosen based on the apprearance of alteration
zones. A natural state model was developed based on
downhole pressure and temperature data from ten wells.
Based on this natural state model, an alternative conceptual
model was proposed where the second geothermal prospect
area was added. In the first prospect area, the updated
conceptual model has the geothermal fluid coming from the Figure 1: Location of the Tompaso geothermal field in
upflow zone located below the Masam Crater and then North Sulawesi, Indonesia (Google maps, 2019).
moving north-northeast towards the Kawangkoan area. In the
second prospect, the updated conceptual model has 2. RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS
geothermal fluid flowing from an upflow zone under the The permeability structure of the Tompaso field was studied
Toraget area and expected moving to the northeast towards by Sardiyanto et al., (2015). The North Sulawesi province is
the Passo area. located at the convergence of three tectonic plates, the
Eurasian, Pacific and Australian plate. Due to those
1. INTRODUCTION conditions, there was double subduction of the Maluku sea
The Tompaso geothermal field is situated within the Tompaso which caused the formation of the Minahasa-Sangihe and
district, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, or around 60 km Halmahera volcanic arcs. The activity of the Minahasa-
from Manado City (Handoko, 2010), as shown in Figure 1. Sangihe volcanic arc resulted in the formation of two major
The field is managed by PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy. strike-slip faults named Menado-Kema and Amorang-
Exploration of the Tompaso field began in 1982 to meet Malompar that are NW-SE trending. The Tompaso
electricity demand for North Sulawesi. Three exploration geothermal field is located between those faults (Figure 2).
wells and five development wells were drilled from 2008 to
2009 to confirm the geology and the size of the geothermal
resource. Early exploration suggested a liquid dominated
resource with a temperature range of 250°C to 300°C
(Gunawan et al., 2015). A resource assessment was
performed by Handoko (2010) using a Monte Carlo
probabilistic approach to estimate the amount of stored heat
in the system. The assessment suggested that the electricity
potential for 30 years of operation could be 39 MWe (50%
probability). Since the year 2016, the field has provided 2×20
MWe through units 5 and 6 of the Lahendong geothermal
power plant (Directorate Geothermal and Center of Mineral,
Coal and Geothermal Resources, 2017), with the main
production zone located around the LHD-27 well cluster
(Handoko, 2010). Figure 2: Geological structure model of Tompaso field
(Sardiyanto et al., 2015).
LHD-27
0
LHD-34
-500 R1
-1000
-1500
-2000
1
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = �N ∑N
i = 1(X Data,i − X Model,i )
2 (1)