How To Learn

How to learn
Learning: acquisition and retention of Knowledge, Skills and attitudes as a result of

experience or practice to transfer these to New Situation.
Learning is either superficial or deep:
● Superficial learning: knowledge acquisition only. The outcomes of such learning

activities are memorization of facts without application or critical thinking.
● Deep learning: involves understanding the concepts, principles, and their
possible applications.
Metacognition: is learning how to learn.
Learning styles: are innate characteristics possessed by learners that inﬂuence their
learning.
Learning styles:
● Visual (spatial): prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding.

● Aural (auditory-musical): prefer using sound and music.
● Verbal (linguistic): prefer using words, both in speech and writing.
● Physical (kinesthetic): prefer using his own body, hands and sense of touch.
● Logical (mathematical): prefer using logic, reasoning and systems.
● Social (interpersonal): prefer to learn in groups or with other people.
● Solitary (intrapersonal): prefer to work alone and use self-study.
What is your learning style?????
Pedagogy vs Andragogy
Pedagogy: Paidi (Child)+ ago (guide)
Andragogy: Andras (man)+ago(guide)
Pedagogy is a child-focused teaching approach, whereas Andragogy an adult-focused

teaching approach; or, formally, pedagogy is the art and science of helping kids learn, whereas
andragogy is the art and science of helping adults learn.
By starting your medical school journey, you have been transformed from being a child
learner to an adult learner. You need to understand the main differences between child
learning and adult learning to help you in your transition to higher education system.
Adult learners are:
• Adults are internally motivated and self-directed

• Adults bring life experiences and knowledge to learning experiences
• Adults are goal oriented
• Adults are relevancy oriented
• Adults are practical
• Adult learners like to be respected
Pedagogy Andragogy
Younger learners still depend on their Adult learners are self-directed,
teacher for learning and evaluation responsible for planning and evaluating
their own learning
Younger learners do not not have solid Adult learners have previous experience
previous experience and might not have that shape they way they learn and
strong abilities to relate new learned provide them with motivation. ‫استخدام‬
information with previous experience ‫الخبرات السابقه وربطها بالمعلومات الجديده‬
Younger learners are told what they Adult learners have the control over their
should learn learning. They are motivated to learn
when the information are relevant their
personal and professional goals.
How we learn
• To understand how we learn, you need to know some of the main principles on
how the learning occurs:
1- Learning is a process of active construction
Learning is the interaction between what students know, the new
information they encounter, and the activities they engage in as they learn.
Students construct their own understanding through experience, interactions
with content and others, and reflection.
2- Students’ prior knowledge is an important determinant of what they will learn
You do not come to the class as a blank mind. You should use what you
already know about a topic to interpret new information. When you cannot
relate new material to what you already know, you might memorize the
information for the test—rather than developing any real understanding of the
content.
3- Organizing information into a conceptual framework helps students remember

and use knowledge
In medical schools, there will be several times, you will find yourself must
learn factual information. Therefore, try to organize this information in a
conceptual framework, and organize knowledge in ways that facilitate retrieval
and application in order to develop competence in a new topic. You can use
mind map ,‫خريطه ذهنيه‬so it will be easy for you to remember them. Refer to study
smarter not harder and note taking lecture to understand more about how to
create mind map.
4- Learning is a social phenomenon
You learn with greater understanding when you share ideas through
conversation, debate, and negotiation. Explaining a concept to one’s peers puts
knowledge to a public test where it can be examined, reshaped, and clarified.
5- Metacognition is important for your learning.
Metacognition is thinking about your own thinking. It is important since it
will help you develop deeper understanding of the materials. Try after each
lecture or practical session to reflect/ think on the important things you have
learned and how you are going to apply them in other classes, or you real life.
You can also think about the questions you want to ask your professors about
Summary:
● Learning is a process through which you can acquire new knowledge, skills and
attitudes.
● There are different learning styles, check which one are you, and try to use more
than one style.
● More senses (visual, auditory,.) used in learning drive better learning.
● Your faculty educational system encourages deep learning through application
and critical thinking, many learning activities will be implemented to achieve that.
You have to understand and be able to apply the knowledge not just memorize it.
● Metacognition is there to tell you how to learn as the way we learn deserves
learning.
● As an adult learner, you need to set your own learning goals and work to achieve
them.
● Please remember, you do not show to your classroom with a blank mind, you
come with pre-existing knowledge, and life experience, so try to use and relate
them to what you learn.
Good luck, enjoy your new learning journey….
References
• Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.) (1999). How People Learn: Brain, Mind,
Experience, and School. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
• Conner ML. Andragogy and pedagogy. Ageless learner. 1997;2004:01-18.

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How to learn

Learning: acquisition and retention of Knowledge, Skills and attitudes as a result of

Learning is either superficial or deep:

● Superficial learning: knowledge acquisition only. The outcomes of such learning

● Visual (spatial): prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding.

Pedagogy: Paidi (Child)+ ago (guide)

Andragogy: Andras (man)+ago(guide)

Pedagogy is a child-focused teaching approach, whereas Andragogy an adult-focused

Adult learners are:

• Adults are internally motivated and self-directed

3- Organizing information into a conceptual framework helps students remember

Good luck, enjoy your new learning journey….

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