Student name.

Nimra shahzadi
Roll no.cc506379
submitted date. 24-4-2021
course code. 5504
semester. Autumn2020
Q.1 Write a comparative note on RDA vs AACR2 with suitable examples.

Some RDA terminology differs from that of AACR2:

AACR2 RDA

headingauthorized access point (AAP)

uniform title preferred title; conventional collective title

physical description carrier

sound disc, etc.

audio disc, etc.

author creator (includes composers, librettists, lyricists)

performer contributor

chief source

preferred sources

general material designator

content, media, and carrier type

Abbreviations:

From Kathy Glennan, MLA-L, 1/17/2014

• RDA generally eschews abbreviations. The primary exceptions are for:

• Units of measurement
• Abbreviations that are regularly used in resources and are commonly understood by users (e.g.,
"SATB", "op.")

• Abbreviations that a resource uses to identify itself (e.g., "BWV" instead of "Bach-Werke-
Verzeichnis")

Abbreviations are used only when they appear on the resource. The exceptions are no. and op. (which
will be used the same way as they were in AACR2: in the title area, abbreviate only when abbreviated on
the item; abbreviate in access points), thematic index numbers, voice range (SATB, etc.), and units of
measurements.

Use "in." for inches; however, "cm" is no longer considered to be an abbreviation

Use "stereo" and "mono" (also no longer considered to be abbreviations), but spell out other terms
("quadrophonic," etc.)

AACR2 RDA

p. pages

ca. approximately

i.e. that is

acc. accompanied

unacc. unaccompanied

arr. arranged

ill. illustrations

col. color

facsim. facsimile

ed. edition

S.l.

[place of publication not identified]

s.n.

[publisher not identified]

n.d.

[date of publication not identified]

Examples of some of changes to abbreviations used in the physical description (extent of item)

AACR2 RDA

3 vol. 3 volumes
ca. 200 p. approximately 200 pages

48 [i.e. 96] p. 48, that is, 96 pages

[16] p. of plates 16 unnumbered pages of plates

Dimensions:

AACR2: the system of measurement used to record dimensions varies depending on the type of
resource.

RDA: metric units are used. (LCPS 3.5.1.3 allows for using inches for discs (RDA 3.5.1.4.4))

Metric units:

AACR2: they are considered abbreviations and are followed by a full stop (e.g., cm.)

RDA: they are treated as symbols and are not followed by a full stop (e.g., cm).

Examples of changes to abbreviations used in dates in authorized access points representing persons
(formerly known as name headings)

AACR2 RDA LC practice (when it varies from RDA)

b. 1825 born 1825 1825-

d. 1859 died 1859 -1859

fl. flourished active

ca. 1837 approximately 1837 ----

1836 or 7 1836 or 1837 ----

18th cent. 18th century ----

16th/17th cent. active 16th century-17th century ----

Recording and transcribing:

RDA differentiates between recording and transcribing elements.

° Recorded elements: the found information is often adjusted

° Transcribed elements: the data is accepted as found on the resource

° The transcribed elements are:

Element Associated MARC field

title 245 ‡a, ‡b

statement of responsibility 245 ‡c

edition statement 250 ‡a, ‡b

numbering of serials 490 ‡v

production statement 264 _0 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c

publication statement 264 _1 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c

distribution statement 264 _2 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c

manufacture statement 264 _3 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c

series statement 490 ‡a

New to RDA:

Capitalization: RDA Appendix A: LC policy is to follow the capitalization on the resource or follow the
instructions in Appendix A.

Diacritics: Transcribe when they appear; not necessary to add them when they are omitted from the
resource.

Abbreviations: RDA Appendix B: Transcribe as found on the RDA preferred source; otherwise do not use
abbreviations

Other things:

Parallel titles may be taken from anywhere on the resource, and are not enclosed in brackets

° However, other title information must be taken from the same source as the title proper

Statement of responsibility may be taken from anywhere on the resource

° Transcribe title, terms of address, etc.

° Transcribe all persons named, even when there are four or more

Edition statement:

° Abbreviations are used only when they appear on the resource

° Use the form of numbering (e.g., Arabic, roman, etc.) that appear on the resource

Inaccuracies, omissions:

AACR2: Inaccuracies are transcribed followed either by [sic] or by "i.e." and the correction in square
brackets. Missing letter(s) are supplied in square brackets.

RDA: Inaccuracies are transcribed as they appear on the source of information. If necessary, a note may
be made correcting the inaccuracy, and the title as corrected may be recorded as a variant title if it is
considered important for access.

Examples
AACR2 1.0F

245 10 ‡a Morton Feldmans Untiteled [sic] composition für Cello und Klavier

246 3 ‡a Morton Feldmans Untitled composition für Cello und Klavier

RDA 1.7.9, 2.3.1.4

245 10 ‡a Morton Feldmans Untiteled composition für Cello und Klavier

246 3 ‡i Title should read: ‡a Morton Feldmans Untitled composition für Cello und Klavier

AACR2 1.0F

245 00 ‡a Horn sonat[a]s

246 3 ‡a Horn sonats

RDA 1.7.9, 2.3.1.4

245 00 ‡a Horn sonats

246 3 ‡i Title should read: ‡a Horn sonatas

Dashes, brackets

AACR2: ... (ellipses) and [ ] square brackets are replace by — and ( ).

RDA: The punctuation is transcribed as it appears on the source.

Example

Title appears on the resource as

...Huésped de las nieblas...

...Guest from the mists...

for flute and piano

AACR2 1.1B1F

245 10 ‡a --Huésped de las nieblas-- = ‡b --Guest from the mists-- : for flute and piano

RDA 1.7.3

245 10 ‡a ...Huésped de las nieblas... = ‡b ...Guest from the mists... : for flute and piano

Chief/preferred source:

Title:

Scores Sound recordings

AACR2 RDA (2.2.2.2) AACR2 RDA (2.2.2.4)

caption

cover

colophon

other preliminaries

other sources cover

caption

masthead

colophon label*

embedded textual material

elsewhere on the resource

(container, insert, etc.)

*Use the label:

° even when there is a collective title elsewhere on the resource

° only if the information found there represents the resource as a whole

For multi-disc sets, use the labels collectively

Edition statement: (250 field) will now encompass elements relating to the format of music that were
scattered over various areas in AACR2:

° Musical presentation statement (e.g., Score and parts), an AACR2 element tagged in the 254 field

° Statements of responsibility relating to the format of music (e.g., vocal score by [name]), currently
tagged in 245/‡c

° Voice range statements (e.g., High voice)

Publication statement: A new, repeatable MARC field (264) is used for production, publication,
distribution, printing, and copyright date

1st indicator: always blank

2nd indicator:

0= production (for unpublished resources)

1= publication

2= distribution
3= manufacture

4= copyright notice date (optional)

Abbreviations are not used unless they appear on the resource.

Place of publication: if more than one, only the first is required (2.8.2)

° Include all hierarchies of place, e.g., New Haven, CT, USA

° No requirement to include place in the US if the publisher is not in the US

Publisher name: if more than one, on the first is required (2.8.4)

° Use the full name as found on the resource, e.g., Theodore Presser Company, Hildegarde Publishing
Company

° Include all corporate hierarchies of the name of publisher

Date of publication: record the date as found on the resource

° LCPS 1.8.2 (first alternative) says to transcribe roman numerals and not convert to Arabic

Place, name, and/or date of publication not identified on resource:

° AACR2: [S.l.], [s.n.], [n.d.]

° RDA: [place of publication not identified], [publisher not identified], [date of publication not
identified]

° LCPS instruction strongly encourages: supply a place of publication in brackets or date in brackets

° Each subfield is separately bracketed: D1.2.1: When adjacent elements within one area are to be
enclosed in square brackets, enclose each in its own set of square brackets.

from: RDA Basics (PPT)

Publication dates and copyright (©)/phonogram ( ) dates are different elements in RDA and the
copyright date may not be used for the date of publication.

If the date of publication is unknown, use [Date of publication not identified] or an estimated date in
brackets, with a question mark, if necessary.

Copyright/phonogram date is not required if a publication date is known. However, for music materials,
it is strongly suggested that copyright/phonogram dates are included, even when they are the same as
the publication date.

° Record the latest copyright date; for recordings, prefer dates over © dates.
Extent (RDA 3.4)/Physical description (AACR2):

The number and type of units (a physical or logical constituent of a resource; e.g., a volume,
audiocassette, film reel, a map, a digital file) and/or subunit (a physical or logical subdivision of a unit;
e.g., a page of a volume, a frame of a microfiche, a record in a digital file)

Give the extent if the resource is complete or if the total extent is known

Use the appropriate term, which may be a term from the carrier type list (3.3.1.3) or a general term
(3.4.1.3)

Notated music:

Some terms are no longer used.

AACR2 RDA

(see 7.20.13 or metadata registry for a full list of terms)

v. of music, p. of music, leaves of music score

close score condensed score (now used for both vocal and instrumental scores)

miniature score study score

Examples

AACR2 RDA

16 p. of music 1 score (16 pages)

1 miniature score 1 study score

1 close score 1 condensed score

1 sound disc 1 audio disc

1 sound cassette 1 audiocassette

Physical description of sound recordings:

Most terms for types of carriers used in the extent are modified. The word "sound" is discontinued to
avoid confusion with content.

AACR2 RDA

sound cartridge audio cartridge

sound disc audio disc

piano, [etc.] roll audio roll

sound cassette audiocassette

sound tape reel audio tape

sound track film reel, [cassette, etc.] sound-track reel

Additionally, some details are given even if they are standard for the type of resource:

° type of recording: analog, digital (3.16.2.3)

° recording medium (3.16.3.3)

° playing speed (3.16.4.3)

° groove characteristic (3.16.5.3) (e.g., microgroove)

° track configuration (3.16.6.3)

° tape configure (number of tracks on an audiotape) (3.16.7.3) (e.g., 12 track)

° playback (3.16.8.3) (e.g., mono, stereo)

° special playback characteristics (3.16.9.3) (e.g., Dolby, CD audio, DVD audio, MP3, SACD)

° tape configuration (number of tracks on an audiotape)

° dimensions of cartridges and cassettes, including the width of the tape

° metric units are used for dimensions, but RDA allows for the use of another system of measure

(e.g., inches: 4 3/4 in.)

General material designation:

Three new fields (336, 337, 338) collectively replace the General material designation (245 ‡h)

See Content, Media, and Carrier (RDA 6.9, 3.2, 3.3 & MARC 336-338)

Notation: indicating type of notation, even with it is staff notation, is required in RDA (7.13; see also
metadata registry) and is given in the 546 field: graphic notation, letter notation, mensural notation,
neumatic notation, number notation, solmization, staff notation, tablature, tonic sol-fa.

Uniform titles/Preferred titles (See also A comparison of uniform titles (AACR2) and preferred titles
(RDA) In progress)

Two separate steps in RDA

1. record attributes (6.2-6.26)

2. determine which attributes to use in the authorized access point (6.27-6.31)

Authorized access points comprise

° preferred name of the creator (if applicable)

° preferred title of work (6.2.1, 6.14, 6.28.1.1-6.28.1.8)

 ° additional elements to differentiate among other works/expressions (6.28.1.9-6.28.1.11)

Differences from AACR2:

° no equivalent to AACR2's "works of mixed responsibility"

° "work(s)" in RDA refers to both individual works and compilations

° medium of performance in access point can contain more than three elements

° standard chamber combinations (e.g., string quartet, piano trio, etc.) are no longer used

° use "cello" not "violoncello"

° spell out "acc." "arr." and "unacc."

° fewer restrictions on recording key

° librettos and operas are considered separate works

Q.2 How would you catalogue books written by Muslim authors. Discuss with relevant examples.

2 Cataloguing of Muslim and Pakistani Names: Problem Areas Surname/ Family Names ‫خاندانی نام‬
Surname/ Family Names ‫ خاندانی نام‬Regional/ Local Names ‫ مقامی نام‬Regional/ Local Names ‫مقامی نام‬
Compound Names Compound Names Abbreviations/Nick Names Abbreviations/Nick Names Poetic
Names ( ‫) تخلص‬/ Names Opted for Poetry/ Literary Piece of Work Poetic Names ( ‫) تخلص‬/ Names Opted
for Poetry/ Literary Piece of Work Names Consisted of Two Words Names Consisted of Two Words
Names Consisted of Three Words Names Consisted of Three Words Long/ Multi Worded Names Long/
Multi Worded Names Honorary/ Awarded/ Given Names/ Title( ‫لقب‬/ ‫ ) خطاب‬Honorary/ Awarded/ Given
Names/ Title( ‫لقب‬/ ‫ ) خطاب‬Patronymic Appellation ( ‫ ) کنیت‬Patronymic Appellation ( ‫ ) کنیت‬Female Names
Female Names

3 1. Surname/Family Name Entry should not be made in Family Name Except it is used as Poetic Name
Entry should not be made in Family Name Except it is used as Poetic Name Muhammad Haroon Usmani
in Haroon Usmani, Muhammad Muhammad Haroon Usmani in Haroon Usmani, Muhammad Saleem
Ahmad Siddiqui in Saleem Ahmad Siddiqui Saleem Ahmad Siddiqui in Saleem Ahmad Siddiqui Mustansar
Hussain Tarrar in Mustansar Hussain Tarrar Mustansar Hussain Tarrar in Mustansar Hussain Tarrar
Tehmina Doltana in Tehmina Doltana Tehmina Doltana in Tehmina Doltana Choudhry Afzal Haq in Afzal
Haq, Choudhry Choudhry Afzal Haq in Afzal Haq, Choudhry Mir Khalil-ur-Rehman in Khalil-ur-Rehman,
Mir Mir Khalil-ur-Rehman in Khalil-ur-Rehman, Mir

4 2. Names Associated with Regions/ Localities/ Areas Enter in Real Name Except Local Name is Used as
Poetic Name Enter in Real Name Except Local Name is Used as Poetic Name Tahir Tounsvi in Tahir
Tounsvi Tahir Tounsvi in Tahir Tounsvi Arshad Multani in Arshad Multani Arshad Multani in Arshad
Multani Majeed Lahori in Majeed Lahori Majeed Lahori in Majeed Lahori Nazir Ahmad Dehlvi in Nazir
Ahmad Dehlvi Nazir Ahmad Dehlvi in Nazir Ahmad Dehlvi Manzoor Hussain Shor Alieg in Manzoor
Hussain Shor Alieg Manzoor Hussain Shor Alieg in Manzoor Hussain Shor Alieg
5 3. Compound Names Compound Names should be treated as single name and enter in first part of the
name. Compound Names should be treated as single name and enter in first part of the name. Abdul
Moid in Abdul Moid Abdul Moid in Abdul Moid Abdur Rehim in Abdur Rahim Abdur Rehim in Abdur
Rahim Hamid-ud-Din Farahi in Hamid-ud-Farahi Hamid-ud-Din Farahi in Hamid-ud-Farahi Inam-ul-Haq in
Inam-ul-Haq Inam-ul-Haq in Inam-ul-Haq

6 4. Abbreviations/Nick Names Entry should not be made in abbreviations Entry should not be made in
abbreviations A. Hameed in Hameed, A. A. Hameed in Hameed, A. M. A. Rahat in Rahat, M. A. M. A.
Rahat in Rahat, M. A. A. B. Ashraf in Ashraf, A. B. A. B. Ashraf in Ashraf, A. B. ‫ ش فرخ‬in ‫ ش ش فرخ‬،‫ فرخ‬in
‫ ش ن م راشد‬،‫ فرخ‬in ‫ ن۔ م ن م راشد‬،‫ راشد‬in ‫ ن۔ م‬،‫راشد‬

7 5. Poetic Name( ‫ ) تخلص‬Entry Should be made in Poetic Name Entry Should be made in Poetic Name If
Part of a Name is Repeated in Beginning and at End the last part will be considered Poetic Name: If Part
of a Name is Repeated in Beginning and at End the last part will be considered Poetic Name: Amjad
Islam Amjad in Amjad, Amjad Islam Amjad Islam Amjad in Amjad, Amjad Islam Mir Taqi Mir in Mir, Mir
Taqi Mir Taqi Mir in Mir, Mir Taqi Abid Ali Abid in Abid, Abid Ali Abid Ali Abid in Abid, Abid Ali Faiz
Ahmad Faiz in Faiz, Faiz Ahmad Faiz Ahmad Faiz in Faiz, Faiz Ahmad Wasif Ali Wasif in Wasif, Wasif Ali
Wasif Ali Wasif in Wasif, Wasif Ali

8 Addition of ( ‫ ) ی‬at the End of the Name If an author adds ( ‫ ) ی‬at the last part of his name, it will be
considered Poetic Name: If an author adds ( ‫ ) ی‬at the last part of his name, it will be considered Poetic
Name: Asif Farrukhi in Farrukhi, Asif Asif Farrukhi in Farrukhi, Asif Imtiaz Ali Khan Arshi in Arshi, Imtiaz Ali
Khan Imtiaz Ali Khan Arshi in Arshi, Imtiaz Ali Khan Shan-ul-Haq Haqi in Haqi, Shan-ul-Haq Shan-ul-Haq
Haqi in Haqi, Shan-ul-Haq Mushtaq Ahmad Yousafi in Yousafi, Mushtaq Ahmad Mushtaq Ahmad Yousafi
in Yousafi, Mushtaq Ahmad Javed Ahmad Ghamdi in Ghamdi, Javed Ahmad Javed Ahmad Ghamdi in
Ghamdi, Javed Ahmad

9 Specific Word as Poetic Name Ahmad Faraz in Faraz, Ahmad Ahmad Faraz in Faraz, Ahmad Khawaja
Mir Dard in Dard, Mir Khawaja Khawaja Mir Dard in Dard, Mir Khawaja Asadullah Khan Ghalib in Ghalib,
Asadullah Khan Asadullah Khan Ghalib in Ghalib, Asadullah Khan Nasim Lyyah, in Nasim Lyyah Nasim
Lyyah, in Nasim Lyyah Inam-ul-Haq Javed in Javed, Inam-ul-Haq Inam-ul-Haq Javed in Javed, Inam-ul-Haq

10 Family Name as Poetic Name Rarely used, Make Sure that it is Poetic Name or not Rarely used, Make
Sure that it is Poetic Name or not Sa’adat Hassan Manto in Manto, Sa’adat Hassan Sa’adat Hassan
Manto in Manto, Sa’adat Hassan Manzar Hussain Abbasi in Abbasi, Manzar Hussain Manzar Hussain
Abbasi in Abbasi, Manzar Hussain

11 Local Name as Poetic Name Rarely used, Make Sure that it is Poetic Name or not Rarely used, Make
Sure that it is Poetic Name or not Riaz Khairabadi in Khairabadi, Riaz Riaz Khairabadi in Khairabadi, Riaz
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai in Bhittai, Shah Abdaul Latif Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai in Bhittai, Shah Abdaul Latif
Abdul Qadir Sarhadi, in Sarhadi, Abdul Qadir Abdul Qadir Sarhadi, in Sarhadi, Abdul Qadir

12 6. Two Worded Name (a). Common Names Enter in First Part except for Local, Family and Poetic
Names: Enter in First Part except for Local, Family and Poetic Names: Ahmad Saleem Ahmad Saleem
Aslam Kamal Aslam Kamal Bano Qudsia Bano Qudsia Intezar Hussain Intezar Hussain Anis Khurshid Anis
Khurshid
13 6(b). Where One Part is a Family Name Enter in real name Enter in real name Agha Asraf in Ashraf,
Agha Agha Asraf in Ashraf, Agha Abdullah Malik in Abdullah Malik Abdullah Malik in Abdullah Malik
Nasir Zaidi in Nasir Zaidi Nasir Zaidi in Nasir Zaidi Choudhri Ghulam Rasul in Ghulam Rasul, Choudhri
Choudhri Ghulam Rasul in Ghulam Rasul, Choudhri Syed Abdullah in Abdullah, Syed Syed Abdullah in
Abdullah, Syed

14 “Muhammad” as Part of 2 Worded Name Don’t enter in Muhammad instead enter in other part
because we use Muhammad in respect of holy Prophet and it is immensely used: Don’t enter in
Muhammad instead enter in other part because we use Muhammad in respect of holy Prophet and it is
immensely used: Muhammad Iqbal in Iqbal, Muhammad Muhammad Iqbal in Iqbal, Muhammad
Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadiri in Tahir-ul- Qadiri, Muhammad Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadiri in Tahir-ul-
Qadiri, Muhammad Muhammad Saeed in Saeed, Muhammad Muhammad Saeed in Saeed, Muhammad

15 7. Three Worded Names a. Simple 3 Worded Name (without Poetic, Family or Local Name). Enter in
Last Part: Ali Asghar Abbas in Abbas, Ali Asghar Ali Asghar Abbas in Abbas, Ali Asghar Ghulam Hussain
Zulfiqar in Zulfiqar, Ghulam Hussain Ghulam Hussain Zulfiqar in Zulfiqar, Ghulam Hussain Zahid Munir
Aamir in Aamir, Zahid Munir Zahid Munir Aamir in Aamir, Zahid Munir Zafar Ahmad Mansoor in
Mansoor, Zafar Ahmad Zafar Ahmad Mansoor in Mansoor, Zafar Ahmad Ghulam Gillani Asghar in
Asghar, Ghulam Gillani Ghulam Gillani Asghar in Asghar, Ghulam Gillani

16 b. First or Last Part is a Family Name Don’t enter Family Name. Enter in other 2 parts: Don’t enter
Family Name. Enter in other 2 parts: Irshad Ahmad Haqqani in Irshad Ahmad Haqqani Irshad Ahmad
Haqqani in Irshad Ahmad Haqqani Agha Anwar Gull in Anwar Gull, Agha Agha Anwar Gull in Anwar Gull,
Agha Raja Rasheed Mahmood in Rasheed Mahmood, Raja Raja Rasheed Mahmood in Rasheed
Mahmood, Raja Tahir Javed Mughal in Tahir Javed Mughal Tahir Javed Mughal in Tahir Javed Mughal
Ashraf Ali Thanvi in Ashraf Ali Thanvi Ashraf Ali Thanvi in Ashraf Ali Thanvi

17 c. First and Last Parts are Family or Local Names Enter in the central Part: Enter in the central Part:
Mirza Hamid Beg in Hamid Beg, Mirza Mirza Hamid Beg in Hamid Beg, Mirza Syed Zamir Jafri in Zamir
Jafri, Syed Syed Zamir Jafri in Zamir Jafri, Syed Khawaja Hassan Nizami, in Hassan Nizami, Khawja
Khawaja Hassan Nizami, in Hassan Nizami, Khawja Rana Saeed Khan in Saeed Khan, Rana Rana Saeed
Khan in Saeed Khan, Rana Syed Suleman Nadvi in Suleman Nadvi, Syed Syed Suleman Nadvi in Suleman
Nadvi, Syed

18 d. Muhammad as Part of a 3 Worded Name I. Muhammad as First Name Enter in the part comes
immediately after ‘Muhammad’: Enter in the part comes immediately after ‘Muhammad’: Muhammad
Iqbal Gilani in Iqbal Gilani, Muhammad Muhammad Iqbal Gilani in Iqbal Gilani, Muhammad Muhammad
Akram Chughtai in Akram Chughtai, Muhammad Muhammad Akram Chughtai in Akram Chughtai,
Muhammad Muhammad Akhtar Mamonka in Akhtar Mamonka, Muhammad Muhammad Akhtar
Mamonka in Akhtar Mamonka, Muhammad Muhammad Asif Iqbal in Asif Iqbal, Muhammad
Muhammad Asif Iqbal in Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Muhammad Akhtar Shiekh in Akhtar Shiekh,
Muhammad Muhammad Akhtar Shiekh in Akhtar Shiekh, Muhammad

19 II. Muhammad as a Central Part of 3 Worded Name Enter in the name comes immediately after
Muhammad. If Family Name comes in the last then enter before Muhammad : Enter in the name comes
immediately after Muhammad. If Family Name comes in the last then enter before Muhammad : Sher
Muhammad Akhtar in Akhtar, Sher Muhammad Sher Muhammad Akhtar in Akhtar, Sher Muhammad
Fateh Muhammad Malik in Fateh Muhammad Malik Fateh Muhammad Malik in Fateh Muhammad
Malik Malik Muhammad Ibrahim in Ibrahim, Malik Muhammad Malik Muhammad Ibrahim in Ibrahim,
Malik Muhammad Choudhri Muhammad Ashraf in Ashraf, Choudhri Muhammad Choudhri Muhammad
Ashraf in Ashraf, Choudhri Muhammad Syed Muhammad Arif in Arif, Syed Muhammad Syed
Muhammad Arif in Arif, Syed Muhammad

20 III. Muhammad as Real Name If Muhammad is real name and other parts are worth entering then
enter in Muhammad: If Muhammad is real name and other parts are worth entering then enter in
Muhammad: Muhammad Bin Qasim Muhammad Bin Qasim Muhammad Bin Saad Muhammad Bin Saad

21 8. Long Names (Consisted of More Than 3 Parts) If there is Poetic Name: Make entry in that name If
there is Poetic Name: Make entry in that name Enter in the last name in other cases except Family Name
where entry should be made in the real name: Enter in the last name in other cases except Family Name
where entry should be made in the real name: Syed Maqsood Ali Kazmi in Maqsood Ali Kazmi, Syed Syed
Maqsood Ali Kazmi in Maqsood Ali Kazmi, Syed Khawaja Muhammad Hassan Khan Farooqi in Hassan
Khan Farooqi, Khawaja Muhammad Khawaja Muhammad Hassan Khan Farooqi in Hassan Khan Farooqi,
Khawaja Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan Aarzoo in Aarzoo, Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan
Aarzoo in Aarzoo, Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan Shah Akhbar Khan Najib Abadi in Akhbar Khan Najib Abadi, Shah
Shah Akhbar Khan Najib Abadi in Akhbar Khan Najib Abadi, Shah Liaqat Ali Khan Niazi in Liaqat Ali Khan
Niazi Liaqat Ali Khan Niazi in Liaqat Ali Khan Niazi

22 9. Honorary/ Awarded/ Given Names/ Title( ‫لقب‬/ ‫ ) خطاب‬Enter in Real Name and make Title Name as
part of inverted name: Enter in Real Name and make Title Name as part of inverted name: Sir Shiekh
Muhammad Iqbal in Iqbal, Shiekh Muhammad Sir Shiekh Muhammad Iqbal in Iqbal, Shiekh Muhammad
Sir Shiekh Abdul Qadir in Abdul Qadir, Sir Shiekh Sir Shiekh Abdul Qadir in Abdul Qadir, Sir Shiekh If Title
becomes renowned name enter in the Title: If Title becomes renowned name enter in the Title: Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan in Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Ignore Such
Opted/Given Namesa as: Qari, Maulvi, Maulana, Mufti, Nawab, Pir, Pirzada, Munshi, Qazi, Hafiz, Haji,
Hakeem, Hazrat, Hazoor, Janab, Khaleefa, Sahib, etc. Ignore Such Opted/Given Namesa as: Qari, Maulvi,
Maulana, Mufti, Nawab, Pir, Pirzada, Munshi, Qazi, Hafiz, Haji, Hakeem, Hazrat, Hazoor, Janab, Khaleefa,
Sahib, etc.

23 10. Patronymic Appellation ( ‫ ) کنیت‬Usually authors use Pseudo Names ( ‫ ) فرضی کنیت‬which becomes
popular in such cases enter in that popular name: Usually authors use Pseudo Names ( ‫ ) فرضی کنیت‬which
becomes popular in such cases enter in that popular name: Ibn-e-Safi Ibn-e-Safi Ibn-e-Insha Ibn-e-Insha
Abu Muslim Abu Muslim.

Q.3 Define filing. Also compare manual and computerized filing system with examples.

Manual files are hand-written whether it’s on paper or computer regarding anything whereas computer
files are made through typing. When it comes to storage, manual files are always stored in hard copy in
the form of files or papers in different places while on the other hand computer files are stored in soft
copy. Moreover, as we know that manual files are stored in the form of different tangible files so if we
want to transport them physically from one place to another they are difficult to transfer and in case of
more number of files they are even more difficult to transfer as we have to carry them everywhere. But
in the case of computer files, they can be easily transferred through e-mail and through many other
forms electronically whether they are less number of files or more so the feasibility factor is more here.
Additionally, it would take time to transfer files manually than through a computer. Due to the tangible
nature of the manual files there maintenance is also hard as we have to take care of them regarding
many external environmental factors but it is not that difficult in the case of computer files. As humans,
we tend to make many errors during writing a file and sometimes we are unable to identify them which
later may affect our work but in case of a computer file, we don’t face such problems as it is a well-
designed machine which corrects them itself and tells us by highlighting the incorrect words. So, the
chances of making a mistake while working on a computer are comparatively less than a manual file.
Another benefit seen while making a computer file is that we can gather lots of information for writing
in a quick way but while writing manual file we have to go through different sources such as books,
journals, research papers and other sorts of database which requires a lot of time and can delay our
work. Usually, we have secret manual files that are not to be seen by unauthorized people but due to
their tangibility factor they can be accessed by them and can be destroyed by fire, etc. but not in
computer files as they can be secured through passwords and other ways. Plus manual files can’t be
destroyed that easily.

Comparison Chart

Computer File Manual File

Type

Computer files are transferred electronically. Manual files can be transported through physical means

Longevity

Computer files are difficult to destroy and can last for a long time. Manual files can warn off and
can be depleted easily by hand.

Access

Difficult to access at all times Easy to access whenever required

Size

A large amount of information can be stored and transferred It is difficult to store a hefty amount of
information manually.

These files are hand-written and are always present in an intangible form. Moreover, they can be stored
in different areas like shelves, cupboards and in a file room, etc. if a person wants to transfer them then
he has to carry them along his way which is quite difficult. Also, they are always present in hardcopy.
The maintenance of the manual files is also an issue and they can be destroyed easily as well. Similarly,
chances of making errors are quite a lot in manual files as we are human beings and we tend to make
many mistakes. Even when we do mistakes erasing them is not done that neatly, so the overall look of
the formal document is affected. Moreover, the gathering of information is quite difficult and time-
consuming. Additionally, when it comes to the accessibility factor they can be accessed quite easily by
the people who are allowed to see them and also by the people who are not which is a threat. So they
are not that safe.

Q.4 Write short notes on each of the following:

 i. Copy catalogue

Copy Cataloging is the process of building upon original cataloging. It involves matching an established
bibligraphic record, examples are the OCLC WorldCat Catalog or Library of Congress Catalog which hold
millions of catalog MARC records, with an exact duplicate item described to be added into a collection.

Copy cataloging means finding a matching existing cataloging record (bibliographic record) for an item in
hand, editing the record as necessary and attaching the local holding information to the bibliographic
record

The use of copy cataloging facilitates resource and bibliographic sharing. Without copy cataloging
libraries, organizations, and individuals would be doing original record creation, at much greater
expense and heavier use of available staff time. Sometimes records are improved and or corrected in
the process of copy cataloging, such as upgrading minimal-level vendor copy.

As a general rule, copy cataloging alone is not generally considered "professional" level work (e.g.
requiring an MLS degree to perform), although some copy cataloging, such as upgrading and improving
minimal level records, does reach a level of complexity that rivals original cataloging and is appropriate
for a credentialed librarian to perform alongside original cataloging and/or other tech services duties.
This is sometimes called Advanced Copy Cataloging. Advanced Copy Cataloging is often called for in the
case of foreign-language monographs where the vendor copy at hand is very minimal, and is not AACR2
compliant. The record must be made AACR2 compliant, and the cataloger must have sufficient reading
knowledge of the foreign language material in order to analyze the content and supply appropriate
subject headings and a suitable classification number to the work. The level of education required to do
this is often beyond the reach of many paraprofessional copy-catalogers, so such advanced copy
cataloging is often turned over to original catalogers with the MLS or equivalent Masters-level library
degree.

ii. Authority file

In library science, authority control is a process that organizes bibliographic information, for example in
library catalogs[1][2][3] by using a single, distinct spelling of a name (heading) or a numeric identifier for
each topic. The word authority in authority control derives from the idea that the names of people,
places, things, and concepts are authorized, i.e., they are established in one particular form.[4][5][6]
These one-of-a-kind headings or identifiers are applied consistently throughout catalogs which make use
of the respective authority file,[7] and are applied for other methods of organizing data such as linkages
and cross references.[7][8] Each controlled entry is described in an authority record in terms of its scope
and usage, and this organization helps the library staff maintain the catalog and make it user-friendly for
researchers.[9]

Catalogers assign each subject—such as author, topic, series, or corporation—a particular unique
identifier or heading term which is then used consistently, uniquely, and unambiguously for all
references to that same subject, which obviates variations from different spellings, transliterations, pen
names, or aliases.[10] The unique header can guide users to all relevant information including related or
collocated subjects.[10] Authority records can be combined into a database and called an authority file,
and maintaining and updating these files as well as "logical linkages"[11] to other files within them is the
work of librarians and other information catalogers. Accordingly, authority control is an example of
controlled vocabulary and of bibliographic control.

iii. Tracing statement

A Trace Statement is a message that is output during execution of a debug session. Trace statements can
be defined in Enterprise Architect without requiring any changes to your application source code.
Tracepoint Markers are set in the code editor. Like breakpoints, they are placed on a line of code. When
that line of code executes, the debugger evaluates the statement, the result of which is logged to the
Debug window (or to file if overridden by the Analyzer script).

iv. Levels of cataloging

Alphabetization [1] is a kind of ordering. The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford University Press 2018a)
defines ordering: 1a: “a. To place in order, give order to; to arrange in a particular order; to arrange
methodically or suitably”. Ordering may be understood in two ways:

1. arranging items in a sequence according to some criterion [2];

2. categorizing: grouping items with similar properties.

It is the first of these meanings that is relevant in relation to the term alphabetization. Besides
alphabetical order as ordering criterion, other criteria such as chronological or systematic may be used
for arranging items in a sequence [3]. Both these meanings of ordering are often used synonymous with
sorting [4], although sorting is often preferred for mechanical procedures, such as sorting algorithms [5].

In general, the most common uses of ordered (or sorted) sequences are:

• making lookup or search efficient;

• making merging of sequences efficient;

• enable processing of → data in a defined order.

Alphabetization is the process of establishing the alphabetical order of a set of items based on their
names or headings [6]. Alphabetical order is the arrangement of items by sorting strings of characters
[7] according to their position in a given alphabet.

In addition to conventions for ordering letters, other characters such as numbers, symbols, ideograms,
logograms, and typographical issues such as lowercase and uppercase letter should be differentiated.
The overall term for this is alphanumeric arrangement.

Examples:

• Books can be arranged according to titles, authors, languages, and other characteristics
displayed in headings (as can representations of books in catalogs).

• Back-of-the book indexes may contain alphabetically arranged names and keywords referring to
the pages on which these names are mentioned or concepts corresponding to the keywords bring
information.
• Entries in dictionaries and encyclopedias can be arranged according to headwords (in addition,
indexes can be arranged according to derived or assigned terms or names).

• In reference lists (e.g. in this article and in all articles in the IEKO Encyclopedia) references are
ordered alphabetically according to author and publication year.

• Computer sorted outputs from databases can be arranged according to many characteristics,
including those mentioned in the examples above.

• Persons can be arranged according to their last names, first names, and occupations in a
directory.

Wine bottles may be arranged alphabetically in supermarkets according to, for example, country of
origin or name of producer.

The process of alphabetizing headings starts by collocating those starting with the first letter in a given
alphabet. Headings starting with the second letter are then collocated, and the process repeats through
the last letter in the alphabet (in English this is mostly termed the A-Z order). Each collocated group is
then arranged according to the second letter in the heading and so on, until the whole string of
characters in the heading has been arranged (i.e., exact alphabetical order, cf. below).

Alphabetical order has been described as “unnatural and arbitrary” (Weinberger 2007, 26) rather than
organic or intuitive. The reasons for this are:

1. alphabetical ordering is the ordering of items (or their representations) by the symbols used for
their names or attributes. Because things and their attributes may have different names, a first kind of
arbitrarity is involved;

2. because formal (rather than substantial) aspects are used in alphabetization, a second kind of
“unnatural and arbitrary” order is involved. Books with similar titles might be kept together, even when
they differ widely in their subjects. A translated book might also be separated from the same title
published in its original language (although cataloging rules may apply the principle of uniform titles [8]).

Another issue arises with synonyms, which allow for the same concept to be expressed using different
words (and therefore placed in different alphabetical locations). This is dealt with in library and
information science by forms of vocabulary control (such as subject headings and → thesauri). This issue
will be dealt with in other articles in this encyclopedia.

Despite this “unnatural and arbitrary” order, alphabetization has proven itself extremely useful. It is a
widespread practice valued for its ability to render large amounts of information readily accessible to
users. Alphabetizing is such a firmly ingrained process in many cultures that users may scarcely notice
the organizational scheme that helps them browse through record stores or locate icons on their
computer desktop [9]. Its history reveals, however, that alphabetization was not an inevitable
development, nor was it a practice adopted wholesale from the moment of its invention. Instead, it has
existed alongside, and has frequently been combined with or challenged by, other means of
arrangement.

Q.5 Prepare main entry catalogue cards/records of the following categories with your own assumed
information, where not provided:
i. English Dictionary by Oxford University Press

Note that the publisher's definition of an entry differs. Some publishers count derivatives as separate
entries while others count expressions consisting of more than one word as separate entries. The
number of entries is basically a marketing term that should never be used to compare dictionaries.

As an example, the 6th Edition of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (SOED6, 2007) contains
approximately:

• 104,000 entries (where only the word "back" is listed.)

• 125,000 entries when parts of speech are separately listed ("back" is listed 5 times, 2 times as a
noun, as an adjective, as a verb, and also as an adverb.)

• 172,000 entries when derivatives are also counted.

• 600,000 entries when different meanings (12 meanings for the first "back" noun listing alone)
and phrases (at the back of, back and edge, behind one's back, etc.) are also counted.

The 2nd Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) includes more historical entries because it also
lists words that have been obsolete for centuries (back to the 7th century) due to changes in meaning
and orthography. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary only covers usage back to the 18th century.

Learner's dictionaries typically contain 40,000 to 50,000 words, which is half to one-third of the current
usage, but still claim hundreds of thousands of "entries".

ii. Journal of Electronic Library by Emerald

Closely aligned to the evolving Library Science field, this interdisciplinary and outward-looking collection
features research intersecting with information systems, information science and education.

Selected articles are published in partnership with The International Federation of Library Associations
and Institutions (IFLA), and under an arrangement with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s Global
Libraries Initiative.

100% of titles are ranked by Scopus and 7 (40%) appear in the Journal Citation Reports; including the
Journal of Documentation, one of the longest-established journals in the field, with content dating back
to the 1940s.

Article submissions are closely mapped against research trends to ensure published content reflects
areas of current or rapidly emerging interest. And, with no embargoes, you are always guaranteed
immediate access to the latest research.

iii. Quaid-e-Azam speeches (1940-1947) by Sang-e-Meel Publications

Jinnah's Lahore address lowered the final curtain on any prospects for a single united independent India.
Those who understood him enough know that once his mind was made up he never reverted to any
earlier position realized how momentous a pronouncement their Quaid-i-Azam had just made. The rest
of the world would take at least seven years to appreciate that he literally meant every word that he
had uttered that important afternoon in March. There was no turning back. The ambassador of Hindu-
Muslim unity had totally transformed himself into Pakistan's great leader. All that remained was for his
party first, then his inchoate nation, and then his British allies to agree to the formula he had resolved
upon. As for Gandhi, Nehru, Azad and the rest, they were advocates of a neighbor state and would be
dealt with according to classic canons of diplomacy.1

The British had been compelled to recognize the Muslim League as the sole representative of the
Muslims of India by 1940 and Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah as its undisputed leader.

Time and Tide of London published an article by Jinnah2 on January 19, 1940 under the caption "The
Constitutional Future of India". He maintained that the democratic systems based on the concept of a
homogeneous nation such as England are very definitely not applicable to heterogeneous countries such
as India. He called the Hindus and the Muslims "two different nations" with different religions and
different social codes. It is obvious that by calling the Hindus and the Muslims two nations, Jinnah had
reached the threshold of partition, but he was still reluctant to abandon his lifelong dream that Hindus
and the Muslims would come to an understanding and in unison make their common motherland one of
the great countries of the world.

The Quaid-i-Azam crossed the barrier at the Lahore session of the Muslim League in March 1940. He
traveled to Lahore from Delhi in a colorfully decorated train on which green flags were mounted,
bearing the emblem of the Muslim League: the crescent and star.

Jinnah decided to address a public gathering on the opening day. It was a huge gathering of the
Leaguers, the Khaksars and the Muslims at Minto Park (now Iqbal Park). Jinnah had expounded the
rationale of the resolution in his presidential address that lasted for hundred minutes and frequently
punctuated by thunderous applause. Though, most of his audience of over 100,000 did not know
English, he held their attention and visibly touched their emotion. He asserted that the Muslims were "a
nation by any definition". In his historical address he laid the foundation of a separate state for the
Muslims of India:

"The Hindus and the Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, and
literature. They neither inter-marry, nor inter-dine together, and indeed they belong to two different
civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspects on life and of use
are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspirations from different sources of
history. They have different epics, their heroes are different, and they have different episodes. Very
often the hero of one is a foe of the other, and likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke
together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority,
must lead to growing discontent and the final destruction of any fabric that may be so built for the
government of such a state."3

The session began with Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan presenting the annual report on March 23, 1940.
After the report, Maulana Fazlul Huq from Bengal, moved the famous Lahore Resolution, better known
as the Pakistan Resolution, "…the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the
North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute 'Independent States' in
which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign."4 The resolution was seconded by
Choudhry Khaliquzzaman who gave a brief history of the causes which led the Muslims to demand a
separate state for themselves. Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Sardar Aurangzeb Khan, Sir Abdullah Haroon,
Nawab Ismail Khan, Qazi Mohammad Isa and I.I Chundigar supported it, among others.
The resolution passed in Lahore on March 23, created a scare in the minds of the Congress and the
Hindus. They could see that the Muslim League had now openly advocated the division of India into
"Independent States." The Quaid had anticipated the Hindu reaction and had taken organizational steps
to face the opposition of the Hindus.

He himself set an example of calm, courage and an iron determination to lead the Muslims to their
cherished goal of freedom. The Pakistan Resolution released the potential creative energies of the
Muslims and even the humblest amongst them made his contribution for the achievement of Pakistan.
The Quaid knew that without a well-defined goal that could be understood even by the simplest Muslim,
there could be no real awakening of the Muslims. The Pakistan Resolution gave them a legible, objective
and reachable goal: Pakistan.

iv. Nawa-e-Waqt (a daily newspaper)

Nawaiwaqt is an Urdu daily newspaper in Pakistan which is currently owned by Majid Nizami Trust. It
was launched on March 23, 1940, under the leadership of Hameed Nizami (3 Oct 1915-22 Feb 1962).
Hameed Nizami was the founder of this newspaper.[1] His younger brother Majid Nizami (3 April 1928 –
26 July 2014) was the chief editor and publisher of Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications until he died in
2014 and then this group became the property of Majid Nizami Trust created by Majid Nizami himself in
his lifetime.[2] It is one of the most influential newspapers in the country. It has a special position in
Pakistan's media, as the guardian of Pakistan's ideology, with well-established center-right and
nationalist credentials. Currently, it is one of the four top influential Urdu newspapers in Pakistan. In
2016, Rameeza (adopted daughter of Majid Nizami) and actual daughter of Mian Arif and Ghazala Arif
elected as the Managing Director of Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications by the Trustees of Majid Nizami
Trust and was also elected as the Senior Vice President of All Pakistan Newspapers Society (APNS).[3]

References:

1. Breeding, Marshall (November 2013). "OCLC acquires the Dutch ILS provider HKA". Smart
Libraries Newsletter. Retrieved April 25, 2020.

2. ^ Price, Gary (January 13, 2015). "Print Collections: OCLC Acquires Sustainable Collection
Services". Infodocket. Retrieved March 6, 2015.

3. ^ "OCLC agrees to acquire Relais International to provide library consortia more options for
resource sharing". www.oclc.org. January 17, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.

4. ^ Beall, Jeffrey (2008). "OCLC: A Review" (PDF). In Roberto, K.R. (ed.). Radical Cataloging: Essays
at the Front. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. pp. 85–93. ISBN 978-0786435432. OCLC 173241123.

5. ^ Mason, Rick (June 10, 2008). "OCLC: A Review (a review)". libology.com. Retrieved February 7,
2020.

6. ^ "Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records". marc.coffeecode.net. Retrieved February 6,
2020. Archived image of OCLC webpage dated November 2, 2008.

7. ^ "OCLC Policy Change". wiki.code4lib.org. 2008–2010. Retrieved July 18, 2020.

8. ^ Jump up to:a b c McKenzie, Elizabeth (January 2012). OCLC changes its rules for use of records
in WorldCat: library community pushback through blogs and cultures of resistance(Technical report).
Boston: Suffolk University Law School. Research paper 12-06.