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Lecture Concrete

Concrete is created by mixing cement, aggregates (coarse and fine), and water. Reinforced concrete contains reinforcement like rebar embedded within the concrete to improve its strength. Concrete mixtures are either designed by the contractor to meet specified strengths and workability or are prescribed with set proportions. Proper concrete has workability, strength, durability, and economy.

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John Isaac Banaag
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50 views

Lecture Concrete

Concrete is created by mixing cement, aggregates (coarse and fine), and water. Reinforced concrete contains reinforcement like rebar embedded within the concrete to improve its strength. Concrete mixtures are either designed by the contractor to meet specified strengths and workability or are prescribed with set proportions. Proper concrete has workability, strength, durability, and economy.

Uploaded by

John Isaac Banaag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONCRETE

What is Concrete?

is an artificial stone as a result of mixing


cement, aggregates (coarse and fine). And
water.

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How about Reinforced Concrete?

▰a concrete with reinforcement properly


embedded in such a manner that the two
materials act together in resisting forces.

3
Main composition of Cement

Lime Iron oxide


Silica Magnesia
Alumina Sulphur trioxide

4
Types of Aggregates

1. Coarse aggregates- aggregates such as crushed stone, or


natural gravel with particles retained on a 5 mm sieve.
▰For coarse aggregate, the maximum nominal size varies from
40, 20, 14, or 10 mm diameter. The choice from the above size
depends upon the dimension of the concrete member, more
particularly the spacing of the steel bars reinforcement.
▰Good practice demand, the maximum size of the aggregates
should not exceed 25% of the minimum thickness of the member
structure nor exceed the clear distance between the reinforcing
bars and the form.

5
B. Fine Aggregates- natural sand passing
on a 5mm sieve

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The American Concrete Institute (ACI)
Requirements for Concrete are as follows:

1. Fresh concrete shall be workable. Meaning, that


fresh concrete could freely flow around the
reinforcement to fill all the voids inside the form.
2. The hardened concrete shall be strong enough to
carry the design load
3. The hardened concrete could withstand the
conditions to which it is expected to perform.
4. The concrete should be economically produced.

7
Concrete mixture maybe classified
as either:

▰Designed Mixture- where ▰Prescribed Mixture-


the contractor is responsible where the designing
in establishing the mixture engineer specify the mixture
proportion that will achieve proportion. The contractor’s
the required strength and responsibility is to provide
workability as specified in properly mixed concrete
the plan. containing the right
proportions as prescribed in
the plan.
▰ 8
Concrete Proportion

Mixture
Proportion
Class

Cement Sand Gravel


AA 1 1½ 3
A 1 2 4
B 1 2½ 5
C 1 3 6

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Concrete Mixture should meet the
following requirements:
1. Workability
- determines the ease and homogeneity with which it can
mixed, placed, consolidated, and finished (ACI Standard)
- property determining the effort required to manipulate a
freshly mixed quantity of concrete with minimum loss of
homogeneity.
- means the ability of fresh concrete to fill all the voids
between the steel bars and the forms without necessarily
exerting much effort in tamping

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2. Strength Types:
- can be defined as the a) Compressive strength
ability to resist force. With- b) Tensile strength
regard to concrete for
structural purposes it can be c) Shear strength
defined as the unit force d) Bond strength
required to cause rupture.

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3. Durability
ability of concrete to resist weathering
action, chemical attack, and abrasion while
maintaining its desired engineering
properties.

12
4. Economy
-the concrete should be economically
produced. Meaning least cost but with great
strength.
-concrete production should incur little to
no waste

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Fin.

14

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