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Modelling of AGC of Two Area Power System in Matlab Software Part-1

This document provides an overview of modeling and simulating a two-area power system in MATLAB/Simulink. It summarizes the model parameters and equations used to calculate the new steady-state frequency and tie line power flow given a 187.5 MW load increase in Area 1. The summary identifies critical points about ensuring each area only supplies its own load changes and controlling frequency to return to its nominal value. It previews how Part 2 will make changes to the model to address these points and discuss using the model for research.

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Mahmudul Bappi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
255 views

Modelling of AGC of Two Area Power System in Matlab Software Part-1

This document provides an overview of modeling and simulating a two-area power system in MATLAB/Simulink. It summarizes the model parameters and equations used to calculate the new steady-state frequency and tie line power flow given a 187.5 MW load increase in Area 1. The summary identifies critical points about ensuring each area only supplies its own load changes and controlling frequency to return to its nominal value. It previews how Part 2 will make changes to the model to address these points and discuss using the model for research.

Uploaded by

Mahmudul Bappi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How To Design

Automatic
Generation Control
of Two Area Power
System Using
MATLAB/SIMULINK
(Part-1)
By Dr. J. A. Laghari

Power System Modelling in MATLAB


This example is taken
from the book Power System
Analysis by Hadi Sadat.

Chapter 12,
Example 12.4.
 Example
A two area system connected by a tie line has the
following parameters on a 1000 MVA common Base
Area 1 2
Speed Regulation R1 = 0.05 R2 = 0.0625
Frequency sensitive load coefficient D1 = 0.6 D2 = 0.9
Inertia Constant H1 = 5 H2 = 4
Base Power 1000 MVA 1000 MVA
Governor Time Constant Tg1 = 0.2 sec Tg2 = 0.3 sec
Turbine Time Constant Tt1 = 0.5 sec Tt2 = 0.6 sec
 Example
The units are operating in parallel at the nominal frequency
of 60 Hz. The synchronizing power coefficient is computed from
the initial operating condition and is given to be Ps = 2.0 per
unit. A load change of 187.5 MW occurs in Area 1.

(a) Determine the new steady state frequency and the


change in the tie line flow
(b) Construct the Simulink block diagram and obtain the
frequency deviation response for the condition in Part (a)
Solution:
 Transfer Function Model of Power Plant
Solution:
 Transfer Function Model of Two Area Power System

P12  PS  (1   2 )
Solution:
 Steady State Frequency Deviation & Change in Tie Line Power
The speed regulation of Area 1 and 2 is given by:
1 1
  20
R1 0.05
1 1
  16
R2 0.0625
The inertia and load for area 1 and 2 is given by:
1 1 1
 
2 H1s  D1 2  5s  0.6 10s  0.6
1 1 1
 
2 H 2 s  D2 2  4s  0.9 8s  0.9
Solution:
 Steady State Frequency Deviation & Change in Tie Line Power
The per unit load change in Area 1 is given by:
187.5
PL1   0.1875 p.u
1000
The per unit steady state frequency deviation is
 PL1  0.1875
  
 1 1  ( 1  0.6)  ( 1  0.9)
( D1  R )  ( D2  R ) 0.05 0.0625
 1 2 

 0.1875
   0.005 p.u
(20  0.6)  (16  0.9)
Solution:
 Steady State Frequency Deviation & Change in Tie Line Power
Thus, the steady state frequency deviation in Hz is

f Actual  f p.u .  f Base


f Actual  0.005  60  0.3 Hz
The steady state frequency in Hertz is given by

f Actual  f original  f Actual


f Actual  60  0.3  59.7 Hz
Solution:
 Steady State Frequency Deviation & Change in Tie Line Power
The change in mechanical power in each phase is
     0.005
Pm1    0.1 p.u
R1 0.05

Pm1  0.11000  100 MW


     0.005
Pm 2    0.08 p.u
R2 0.0625

Pm 2  0.08 1000  80 MW


Solution:
 Steady State Frequency Deviation & Change in Tie Line Power
Thus, Area 1 increases the generation by 100 MW and
Area 2 by 80 MW at the new operating frequency of 59.7 Hz.

The total load change in generation is 180 MW, which


is 7.5 MW less than the 187.5 MW load change because
of the change in the area loads due to frequency drop.
Solution:
 Steady State Frequency Deviation & Change in Tie Line Power
The change in the Area 1 load is given by
  D1  0.005  0.6  0.003 p.u
  D1  0.003 1000  3.0 MW
The change in the area 2 load is given by
  D2  0.005  0.9  0.0045 p.u
  D1  0.0045 1000  4.5 MW
Thus, the change in the total area load is -7.5 MW.
Solution:
 Steady State Frequency Deviation & Change in Tie Line Power
The tie line power flow is
1 
P12      D2 
 R2 
P12  0.005  16  0.9  0.0845 p.u
P12  0.0845 1000  84.5 MW
That is 84.5 MW flows from Area 2 to Area 1.
80 MW comes from the increased generation in Area 2, and 4.5
MW comes from the reduction in area 2 load due to frequency drop.
Solution:
 Critical Points To Be Noted:
It may be noted that load of 187.5 MW is changed in
Area 1 power system. However, from the results, it has
been observed that both generators have enhanced
their generation to meet the increased load demand.

Practically this is not true. In the real practice, if sudden load is


changed in any area, then each area has to absorb its own changes or
in other words, it has to be supplied by the generator of that area only.
Solution:
 Critical Points To Be Noted:
It means that for a load change of 187.5 MW, the change in
mechanical power of area 1 should be increased to 187.5 MW only.
Whereas, the change in mechanical power of area 2 must remain zero.
Furthermore, change in tie line power should also remain zero.

To do this, we need to do some changes in the


model in such a way that change of load in any area
may cause the change of generation in that area only.
Solution:
 Critical Points To Be Noted:
Furthermore, it may be noted that frequency of the system
has reached up to 59.7 Hz. It has not recovered to 60 Hz.

Due to which despite of 187.5 MW change in load, only


180 MW of load has been supplied by both generators. It
still lacks 7.5 MW. When frequency will recover to 60 Hz,
both generators will be able to supply the whole 187.5 MW.

It means that we need to use some controlling techniques


in order to bring the frequency to its nominal value of 60 Hz.
Solution:
 Critical Points To Be Noted:
Moreover, it may be noted that change in mechanical
power of generator 2 is 80 MW. It means that 80 MW of
power is supplied from area 2 to area 1 through tie line.
However, the simulation results have shown that the tie line power
flow is 84. 5 MW. Now, question may arise that how it is possible?
The answer to this question is that 80 MW is supplied from
Area 2, whereas 4.5MW of power is reduced in area 2 due to
frequency drop. It is because frequency stays at 59.7Hz.
Solution:
 Critical Points To Be Noted:
This reduction in frequency causes the reduction in load, due
to which this additional power of 4.5 MW also flows towards
Area 1. Therefore, overall 84.5 MW of power flows from tie line.
Solution:
 What will be Discussed in Part-2:
1. What changes will be done in the model so that whole 187.5 MW of
load change in area 1 should be supplied by the generator of Area 1 only.

2. What Changes are required so that both area supply


their power when change in load occur in both areas.

3. How to use this model for Bachelor/Master


or one objective of PhD research.

4. What other research ideas can be added


in this model to extend this research.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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