An Information Silo: Management System Information System Information

An
information silo
An information silo, or a group of such silos, is an insular management system in

which one information system or subsystem is incapable of reciprocal operation
with others that are, or should be, related. Thus information is not adequately
shared but rather remains sequestered within each system or subsystem,
figuratively trapped within a container like grain is trapped within a silo: there may
be a lot of it, and it may be stacked quite high and freely available within those
limits, but it has no effect outside those limits. Such data silos are proving to be an
obstacle for businesses wishing to use data mining to make productive use of their
data.
Typical information silos in a hierarchic structured organization.
Information silos occur whenever a data system is incompatible or not integrated
with other data systems. This incompatibility may occur in the technical
architecture, in the application architecture, or in the data architecture of any data
system. However, since it has been shown that established data modeling methods
are the root cause of the data integration problem [1], most data systems are at least
incompatible in the data architecture layer.
Silo mentality[edit]
In management the term silo mentality often refers to information silos in
organizations. Silo mentality is caused by divergent goals of different
organizational units. It can also be described as a variant of the principal-agent
problem. Silo mentality preferably occurs in larger organizations and can lead to a
decreased performance and has a negative impact on the corporate culture. Silo
mentality can be countered by the introduction of shared goals, the increase of
internal networking activities and the flattening of hierarchies.[2]
Predictors for the occurrence of silos are
 Number of employees
 Number of organizational units within the whole organization
 Degree of specialization
 Number of different incentive mechanisms
This should not be confused with a data silo in computing, like application
virtualization, operating-system-level virtualization, or a separation kernel.
The term functional silo syndrome was coined in 1988 by Phil S. Ensor (1931–
2018) who worked in organizational development and employee relations
for Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and Eaton Corporation, and as a
consultant. "Silo" and "stovepipe" (as in "stovepipe organization" and "stovepipe
system") are now used interchangeably and applied broadly. Phil Ensor's use of the
term "silo" reflects his rural Illinois origins and the many grain silos he would pass
on return visits as he contemplated the challenges of the modern organizations with
which he worked.
Information access and retrieval within most organizations is a work in progress.
There might be a general search system for marketing information, and probably
one or more database search systems.
The larger the organization, the greater the number of information retrieval
systems. Each laptop and mobile device has a search system. Mobile phone apps
sport their own search systems. The lawyers in an organization may have different
search systems for specific types of legal matters. The enterprise resource planning
(ERP) users have a search system. When it comes to enterprise search, there are
many silos.
A “silo” is a content collection available to certain users. In the face of the reality
of silos, it might be impractical idea of providing access to “all” information. “All”
may not mean all or even some available information. Big data is easy to talk about
but difficult to make accessible. The same challenge exists for images, audio
recordings, and engineering drawings with details hidden into the proprietary
system’s database.
Search which is variously called universal, unified or federated search is a solution

to the challenge of information silos. The term meta-search is often used to
describe an integrating function that passes the user’s query across discrete content
indexes and returns a single results list to the user. Endeca, Inxight Software,
Northern Light, Sagemaker and Vivisimo are search applications that can be used
for universal, unified or federated search in an organization.
The initial query might not unlock the information stored in the system’s index.
The facets, topics and suggests make it easy for the user to click through the links
without having to craft additional queries.
Behind the curtains, federated search results requires some maintenance. A user
does not want to know the file format in which the information he or she needs is
stored. The user wants answers. Early federating systems like WAIS relied on
standards for content representation. Today, however, there are many “standards,”
and content processing systems must be able to process content in the hundreds of
formats found in organizations.
It is important to deliver a system that makes an organization’s disparate types of
digital content available.
There are barriers to unified, federated or integrated search.
Some digital content cannot be included in a general purpose search system for
security, business or legal reasons. Technical content such as chemical structure
information at a pharmaceutical company requires special purpose systems. The
same need applies to product manufacturing data, legal information and
engineering drawings.
Most search applications exclude video streams from the index. If video is
indexed, the system processes the text included in the digital file or indexing
provided by the video owner.
The cost of creating connectors to connect with certain content types could be too
high, or license fees could be required to gain access to the file formats.
The computational burden required to process certain types of content might
exceed the organization’s ability to fund the content processing. Big data, for
example, requires a computing capability able to handle the Twitter stream, RSS
feeds and telemetry data from tracking devices. Cost could be prohibitive for
processing all content types.
The most important challenge is the need for confidentiality. The legal department
does not want unauthorized access to information related to a legal matter out of its
control. Some government contracts required that for certain types of government
work, the information related to that project must be separated. Common sense
dictates that plans for a new product and its pricing remain protected. If someone
needs access to that information, a different search system may be used to ensure
confidentiality.
Even in the absence of business or legal requirements, some professionals do not
want to share content. That may be a management problem. When a manager locks
up information in a no-access silo, a software script will skip the flagged server.
To summarize, silos of information present a challenge to process and effectively
use in organizations. In the enterprise, integration should take place within silos of
content.

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An information silo, or a group of such silos, is an insular management system in

Search which is variously called universal, unified or federated search is a solution

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