CBSE NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Science Chapter 3: Back of Chapter Questions

Class- IX-CBSE-Science Atoms and Molecules
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3

Back of Chapter Questions
1. In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate is reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The

products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium ethanoate.
Show that these observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
Sodium carbonate+ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate+carbon dioxide+water
Solution:
Here, for the given reaction,
Reactants: Mass of Sodium Carbonate (Na2 CO3 ) = 5.3 g and mass of Ethanoic
Acid (CH3 COOH) = 6 g
Products: Mass of Sodium ethanoate (CH3 COONa) = 8.2 g, mass of Carbon
dioxide (CO2 ) = 2.2 g and mass of Water (H2 O) = 0.9 g
Therefore,
Total mass of the given reactants = 5.3 g + 6 g = 11.3 g
Total mass of the given products = 2.2 g + 0.9 g + 8.2 g = 11.3 g
Thus, Total mass of reactants=total mass of products
Thus, the observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
2. Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1: 8 by mass to form water. What
mass of oxygen gas would be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen
gas?
Solution:
Using the law of constant proportions which states that in a chemical compound,
the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass.
Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1: 8 by mass to form water (Given).
1 g of hydrogen requires 8 grams of oxygen to form water.
Thus, in order to form water, 3 gram of hydrogen requires 3 × 8 = 24 g.
3. Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation
of mass?
Solution:
The second postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is the result of the law of
conservation of mass.
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Second postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory is as follows:

"Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical
reaction".
4. Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory can explain the law of definite
proportions?
Solution:
The last postulate of Dalton's atomic theory which states that, "In a given
compound, the relative number and types of atoms are constant." explains the law
of definite proportion.
5. Define the atomic mass unit.
Solution:
Atomic mass unit is a mass unit equal to exactly one-twelfth the mass of a
carbon−12 atom. It is used to measure the masses of subatomic particles. It is
denoted as “amu”.
6. Why is it not possible to see an atom with naked eyes?
Solution:
The dimensions of atoms are extremely small, of the order of 1 nm. Hence, we
cannot see an atom with naked eyes.
7. Write down the formulae of
(i) sodium oxide
(ii) aluminium chloride
(iii) sodium sulphide
(iv) magnesium hydroxide
Solution:
(i) Formula of sodium oxide (made of sodium Na and oxygen O):
Thus, the formula of sodium oxide is Na2 O.

(ii) Formula of aluminium chloride (made of aluminium Al and chlorine Cl):

Thus, the formula of aluminium chlorine is AlCl3 .

(iii) Formula of sodium sulphide (made of sodium Na and Sulphur S):
Thus, the formula of sodium sulphide is Na2 S.

(iv) Formula of magnesium hydroxide (made of magnesium Mg and hydroxide
OH):
Thus, the formula of magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)2 .

8. Write down the names of compounds represented by the following formulae:
(i) Al2 (SO4 )3
(ii) CaCl2
(iii) K 2 SO4
(iv) KNO3
(v) CaCO3
Solution:

(i) Aluminium sulphate

(ii) Calcium chloride
(iii) Potassium sulphate
(iv) Potassium nitrate
(v) Calcium carbonate
9. What is meant by the term chemical formula?

Solution:
The chemical formula of a compound is a symbolic representation of its
composition.
For e.g.: K 2 SO4 is a chemical formula for Potassium sulphate.
10. How many atoms are present in a
(i) H2 S molecule and
(ii) PO3−
4 ion?
Solution:
(i) 3 (Two hydrogen atoms and one sulphur atom)
(ii) 5 (One phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms)
11. Calculate the molecular masses of H2 , O2 , Cl2 , CO2 , CH4 , C2 H6 , C2 H4 , NH3 , CH3 OH.
(Given atomic mass H = 1u, O = 16 u, Cl = 35.5 u, C = 12 u, N = 14 u)
Solution:
Molecular mass of H2 = Mass of 2 hydrogen atoms = 1 u + 1 u = 2 u
Molecular mass of O2 = Mass of 2 oxygen atoms = 16 u + 16 u = 32 u
Molecular mass of Cl2 = Mass of 2 chlorine atoms = 35.5 u + 35.5 u = 71 u
Molecular mass of CO2 =Mass of 1 carbon atom + Mass of 2 oxygen atoms =
12 u + (2 × 16 u) = 44 u
Molecular mass of CH4 =Mass of 1 carbon atom + Mass of 4 hydrogen atoms=
12 u + (4 × 1 u) = 16 u
Molecular mass of NH3 =Mass of 1 nitrogen atom + Mass of 3 hydrogen atoms
= 14 u + (3 × 1 u) = 17u
Molecular mass of CH3 OH = Mass of 1 carbon atom + Mass of 3 hydrogen atoms
+ Mass of 1 oxygen atom + Mass of 1 hydrogen atom = 12 u + (3 × 1 u) +
16 u + 1 u = 32 u

12. Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, Na2 O, K 2 CO3 , given atomic masses of
Zn = 65 u, Na = 23 u, K = 39u, C = 12 u, and O = 16 u.
Solution:
Formula unit mass of ZnO = 65 u + 16 u = 81 u
Formula unit mass of Na2 O = (2 × 23 u) + 16 u = 62 u
Formula unit mass of K 2 CO3 = (2 × 39 u) + 12 u + (3 × 16 u) = 138 u
13. If one mole of carbon atoms weighs 12 gram, then what is the mass (in grams) of
1 atom of carbon?
Solution:
1 mole = 6.022 × 1023 atoms
One mole of carbon atoms = 12 grams of carbon
Therefore, 6.022 × 1023 atoms of carbon=12 grams of carbon
Therefore,
12
1 atom of carbon = (6.022×1023 ) = 1.993 × 10−23 gram.
14. Which has more number of atoms, 100 grams of sodium or 100 grams of iron
(Given, atomic mass of Na = 23 u, Fe = 56 u)?
Solution:
23 g of sodium have one mole of atoms
1
Therefore, 100 g of sodium will have 23 × 100 = 4.35 moles
56 g of iron have one mole of atoms.

1
Therefore, 100 g of iron will have 56 × 100 = 1.78 moles
1 mole = 6.022 × 1023 atoms

Therefore, 100 g of sodium contains more atoms than 100 g of iron.
Back of the text

1. A 0.24 g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to
contain 0.096 g of boron and 0.144 g of oxygen. Calculate the percentage
composition of the compound by weight.
Solution:
Total mass of compound = 0.24 gram

mass of boron in the compound = 0.096 gram

mass of oxygen in the compound = 0.144 gram
0.096
% of boron in the sample = 0.24
× 100 = 40%
0.144
% of oxygen in the sample = 0.24
× 100 = 60%
The sample of compound contains 40% boron and 60% oxygen by weight
2 When 3.0 g of carbon is burnt in 8.00 g oxygen, 11.00 g of carbon dioxide is
produced. What mass of carbon dioxide will be formed when 3.00 g of carbon is
burnt in 50.00 g of oxygen?
Which law of chemical combination will govern your answer?
Solution:
Here it is given that 3.0 g of carbon combines with 8.0 g of oxygen to give 11.0 of
carbon dioxide.
When 3.00 g of carbon is burnt in 50.00 g of oxygen, by “Law of constant
proportion”, only 8.00 g of oxygen will react to produce 11.00 gram of carbon
dioxide.
Rest 42.00 g of oxygen will remain unreacted.
Law of constant proportion governs the answer.
3. What are polyatomic ions? Give examples.
Solution:
A polyatomic ion is a charged chemical species (ion) composed of two or more
atoms that can be considered to be acting as a single unit. Some examples of
polyatomic ions are NO− + − 2− 2−
3 , NH4 , OH , SO4 , and SO3 .
4. Write the chemical formulae of the following:

(a) Magnesium chloride
(b) Calcium oxide
(c) Copper nitrate
(d) Aluminium chloride
(e) Calcium carbonate.
Solution:
(a) MgCl2
(b) CaO

(c) Cu(NO3 )2
(d) AlCl3
(e) CaCO3
5. Give the names of the elements present in the following compounds.
(a) Quick lime
(b) Hydrogen bromide
(c) Baking powder
(d) Potassium sulphate.
Solution:
(a) (Calcium Oxide - CaO) Calcium and oxygen.
(b) (HBr) Hydrogen and Bromine.
(c) (NaHCO3 ) Sodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen.
(d) (K 2 SO4 ) Potassium, sulphur, and oxygen.
6. Calculate the molar mass of the following substances.
(a) Ethyne, C2 H2
(b) Sulphur molecule, S8 (Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 u)
(c) Phosphorus molecule, P4 (Atomic mass of Phosphorus = 31 u)
(d) Hydrochloric acid, HCl
(e) Nitric acid, HNO3
Solution:
(a) Molar mass of ethyne, C2 H2 = 2 × Mass of Carbon + 2 × Mass of
Hydrogen = 2 × 12 u + 2 × u = 26 u
(b) Molar mass of Sulphur molecule, S8 = 8 × Mass of Sulphur = 8 × 32 u =
256 u
(c) Molecular mass of phosphorus molecule, P4 = 4 × Mass of Phosphorus =
4 × 31 u = 124 u
(d) Molecular mass of HCl = Mass of Hydrogen + Mass of Chlorine = 1 u +
35.5 u = 36.5 u
(e) Molecular mass of HNO3 = Mass of Hydrogen + Mass of Nitrogen + 3 ×
Mass of Oxygen = 1 u + 14 u + 3 × 16 u = 63 u
7. What is the mass of

(a) 1 mole of nitrogen atoms?

(b) 4 moles of aluminium atoms (Atomic mass of aluminium = 27)?
(c) 10 moles of sodium sulphite (Na2 SO3 )?
Solution:
(a) Mass of 1 mole of nitrogen atoms = atomic mass of nitrogen = 14 g
(b) Mass of 4 moles of aluminium atoms = 4 × Mass of 1 mole of Al atoms
molecular mass of aluminum = 4 × 27 = 108 g
(c) Mass of 10 moles of sodium sulphite = 10 × Mass of 1 mole of Na2 SO3 =
10 × molecular mass of Na2 SO3 .
Molecular mass of sodium sulphite, Na2 SO3 = 2(23) + 32 + 3(16) =
126 g
Thus, the mass of 10 moles of sodium sulphite = 10 × 126 = 1260 g
8. Convert into mole.
(a) 12 g of oxygen gas
(b) 20 g of water
(c) 22 g of carbon dioxide.
Solution:
(a) Molecular mass of oxygen in grams = 32 g
32 g of oxygen=one mole of oxygen gas
1
Thus, 12 g of oxygen = 32 × 12 = 0.375 moles
(b) Molecular mass of water (H2 O) in grams = 2 + 16 = 18 g = one mole of

water
18 g of water = one mole of water.
1
Thus, 20 g of water = 18 × 20 = 1.11 moles of water
(c) Molecular mass of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in grams = 12 + 2 × 16 = 44 g

44 g of carbon dioxide=one mole of carbon dioxide
Thus,
1
22 g of carbon dioxide = 44 × 22 = 0.5 moles
9. What is the mass of:

(a) 0.2 mole of oxygen atoms?

(b) 0.5 mole of water molecules?

Solution:
(a) Mass of 1 mole of oxygen atoms = 16 g
Mass of 0.2 moles of oxygen atoms = 0.2 × 16 g = 3.2 g
(b) Mass of 1 mole of water molecules = 18 g
Mass of 0.5 mole of water molecules = 0.5 × 18 = 9 g
10. Calculate the number of molecules of Sulphur (S8 ) present in 16 g of solid sulphur
Solution:
Molecular mass of Sulphur molecule = 256 g
256 g of Sulphur contains one mole of Sulphur molecules
1
Thus, 16 g of Sulphur will contain = 256 × 16 = 0.0625 moles of Sulphur
molecules
1 mole of Sulphur molecules = 6.022 × 1023 molecules
Therefore, 0.0625 mole of Sulphur molecule = 6.022 × 1023 × 0.0625
= 3.76375 × 1022 sulphur molecules
i.e., number of molecules of Sulphur present in 16 g of solid Sulphur is
3.76375 × 1022
11. Calculate the number of aluminium ions present in 0.051 g of aluminium oxide.
(Hint: The mass of an ion is the same as that of an atom of the same element.
Atomic mass of Al = 27 u)
Solution:
1 mole of aluminium oxide = 2 × 27 + 3 × 16 = 102 grams
102 grams aluminium oxide has = 6.023 × 1023 aluminium oxide molecules
6.023×1023 ×0.051
0.051 gram of aluminium oxide has = 102
= 3.01 × 1020 aluminium oxide molecules

1 molecule of aluminium oxide gives = 2Al+ ions
Hence 0.051 grams aluminium oxide gives = 2 × 3.01 × 1020 Al+ ions.
= 6.023 × 1020 aluminium ions

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Class- IX-CBSE-Science Atoms and Molecules

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3

1. In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate is reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The

Practice more on Atoms and Molecules Page - 1 www.embibe.com

Second postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory is as follows:

Thus, the formula of sodium oxide is Na2 O.

Practice more on Atoms and Molecules Page - 2 www.embibe.com

Thus, the formula of aluminium chlorine is AlCl3 .

Thus, the formula of sodium sulphide is Na2 S.

Thus, the formula of magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)2 .

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(i) Aluminium sulphate

9. What is meant by the term chemical formula?

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56 g of iron have one mole of atoms.

1 mole = 6.022 × 1023 atoms

Back of the text

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mass of boron in the compound = 0.096 gram

4. Write the chemical formulae of the following:

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(a) 1 mole of nitrogen atoms?

(b) Molecular mass of water (H2 O) in grams = 2 + 16 = 18 g = one mole of

(c) Molecular mass of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in grams = 12 + 2 × 16 = 44 g

9. What is the mass of:

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(b) 0.5 mole of water molecules?

= 3.01 × 1020 aluminium oxide molecules

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