Power System Lab: Name: Hayder Ali Hashim - مشاه يلع رديح

Southern Technical University
Technical College - Thi Qar
Power System Lab
Name: Hayder Ali Hashim – ‫حيدر علي هاشم‬
Department: Electromechanical systems engineering

Stage: 𝟑𝐭𝐡
Experiment Name: Transformer ohmmeter
Experiment No.: -6-
Supervised by: ‫ نرجس‬.‫ م‬/ ‫م احمد‬.‫م‬

Date of the report: 10 /5/2021
2021-2020
Transformer ohmmeter
Transformer Winding Resistance Testing:

Transformers are electrical devices used to transfer electrical energy between
two or more circuits. Commonly used to decrease the voltage of electricity
generated at power plants to the lower-voltage currents capable of powering
home appliances, lighting and similar systems, transformers use electromagnetic
induction and are critical to power distribution and consumption. In the event
that your transformer appears to be malfunctioning, you can easily test its
operations through the use of an ohmmeter.
The resistance of an alternating current (AC) transformer is held within the

wires wound around its core. Transformers experience power loss due to load
resistance, which you can test with an ohmmeter by touching the meter's red and
black pins to opposite ends of the transformer's wiring. Just be certain to
disconnect the transformer from the circuit before testing to avoid the risk of
serious injury. If the ohmmeter's reading is significantly different than the
resistance listed on the transformer's data sheet, it should be removed and
replaced immediately.
Winding resistance measurements are an important diagnostic tool for assessing

possible damage to transformers resulting from poor design, assembly, handling,
unfavorable environments, overloading or poor maintenance.
The main purpose of this test is to check for gross differences between windings
and for opens in the connections. Measuring the resistance of transformer
windings assures that each circuit is wired properly and that all connections are
tight.
Winding resistance in transformers will change due to shorted turns, loose
connections, or deteriorating contacts in tap changers. Regardless of the
configuration, the resistance measurements are normally made phase-to-phase
and the readings are compared with each other to determine if they are acceptable.
Transformer winding resistance measurements are obtained by passing a known
DC current through the winding under test and measuring the voltage drop across
each terminal (Ohm's Law). Modern test equipment for this purposes utilizes
a Kelvin bridge to achieve results; you might think of a winding resistance test
set as a very large low-resistance ohmmeter (DLRO).
Ohmmeters and Transformers

Ohmmeters are used to test the electrical resistance (sometimes referred to as
the impedance) present in a device or circuit, measured in ohms. In the case of
a transformer, which uses alternating current (AC) to increase or decrease the
voltage of the electrical energy running through it, this resistance is held within
the coiled wires wound around its core.
Test Preparations
To test a transformer, however, you will need to disconnect it from the circuit
before doing anything else. This will prevent inaccurate readings and ensure
your own safety. Put your ohmmeter on its lowest scale and after removing the
plastic sheaths from the conductors, touch its leads together to verify that it is
ready for testing. If the reading is zero, you can continue. If it is not zero, adjust
the variable knob to make the ohmmeter read zero before proceeding.
Simple Testing
To test your transformer, simply touch the red and black pins of your ohmmeter
to the opposite ends of the transformer's wiring. Read the display and compare
the resistance on your ohmmeter to the resistance stated on the transformer's
data sheet. This is sometimes listed on the transformer's enclosure. If there is a
dramatic difference between the reading and the listed resistance, it is likely that
the transformer is faulty and should be removed and replaced as soon as
possible. Check three times before drawing a conclusion, as your ohmmeter may
not be perfectly accurate.
Transformer ohmmeter МТО210
The MTO210 transformer ohmmeter is a line-operated, field-portable instrument

designed specifically to measure the DC resistance of all types of magnetic
windings safely and accurately. It can test transformers and rotating machine
windings and perform low-current resistance measurements on connections,
contacts and control circuits.
The Transformer Ohmmeter is extremely useful when testing the windings and
contact resistance of tap-changers with “make-before-break” contacts and voltage
regulators. This action will check for pitted or misaligned contacts as the
instrument will give an indication if either condition occurs.
▪ Direct 2-channel digital reading (10 µΩ to 2000 Ω)
▪ DC test current up to 10 A maximum
▪ 0.25% measurement accuracy
▪ Integrated demagnetization feature
▪ Tests operation of on-load tap-changers
▪ Very fast auto safety discharge circuit
APPLICATIONS
The MTO210 Transformer Ohmmeter is used:
- To verify factory test readings.
- As part of a regular maintenance program.
- To help locate the presence of defects in transformers, such as loose
connections.
- To check the “make-before-break” operation of on-load tap-changers.
A regular maintenance program that includes winding resistance measurements

is the most effective way to use this instrument. Once a benchmark is
established, subsequent test results can be compared to determine if changes are
occurring in the transformers and associated control wiring, voltage regulators,
motors, generators, breaker contacts, and all types of connections (bolted,
soldered, crimped, etc.). Tap-changers are mechanical devices and the most
vulnerable part of a transformer. Tap-changers result in more failures and
outages than any other component and so require frequent testing and attention
to ensure reliable and safe operation.
FEATURES AND BENEFITS:
- Direct 2-channel digital reading allows for testing two windings at a time.
- Very fast discharge time.
- High-contrast, large alphanumeric displays can be seen in bright sunlight.
- User-selectable maximum current range ensures protection of small
transformers.
- Beacon drive circuit is provided for use with optional beacon strobe light.
- Built-in demagnetization circuitry allows the operator to de-magnetize the
transformer core upon completion of resistance testing, or as a stand-alone
feature before SFRA testing or when the transformer is put back in service.
- The MTO210 allows for test of transformers with on load tap-changers and
provides a “break-before-make” indicator, in the event of any discontinuity.

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Southern Technical University

Technical College - Thi Qar

Power System Lab

Name: Hayder Ali Hashim – ‫حيدر علي هاشم‬

Department: Electromechanical systems engineering

Experiment Name: Transformer ohmmeter

Experiment No.: -6-

Supervised by: ‫ نرجس‬.‫ م‬/ ‫م احمد‬.‫م‬

Transformer Winding Resistance Testing:

The resistance of an alternating current (AC) transformer is held within the

Winding resistance measurements are an important diagnostic tool for assessing

Ohmmeters and Transformers

Transformer ohmmeter МТО210

The MTO210 transformer ohmmeter is a line-operated, field-portable instrument

A regular maintenance program that includes winding resistance measurements

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