INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 4998

Fifth edition
2011-01-15

Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon

steel sheet of structural quality
Tôles en acier au carbone galvanisées en continu par immersion
à chaud, de qualité destinée à la construction

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Reference number
ISO 4998:2011(E)

© ISO 2011
ISO 4998:2011(E)

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 ISO 4998:2011(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references............................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................1
4 Thickness ...............................................................................................................................................2
5 Conditions of manufacture...................................................................................................................3
5.1 Chemical composition ..........................................................................................................................3
5.2 Mechanical properties...........................................................................................................................4
5.3 Coating ...................................................................................................................................................4
5.4 Weldability..............................................................................................................................................6
5.5 Painting...................................................................................................................................................6
5.6 Surface treatment ..................................................................................................................................6
5.7 Dimensional and shape tolerances .....................................................................................................7
6 Sampling ................................................................................................................................................7
6.1 Chemical composition ..........................................................................................................................7
6.2 Tensile test.............................................................................................................................................7
6.3 Coating tests..........................................................................................................................................7
6.4 Retest......................................................................................................................................................7
7
7.1
7.2
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Test methods .........................................................................................................................................8
Tensile test.............................................................................................................................................8
Coating properties.................................................................................................................................8
8 Designation system...............................................................................................................................8
8.1 Coating type...........................................................................................................................................8
8.2 Coating mass .........................................................................................................................................8
8.3 Coating conditions ................................................................................................................................9
8.4 Surface treatment ..................................................................................................................................9
8.5 Example ..................................................................................................................................................9
9 Resubmission ........................................................................................................................................9
10 Workmanship.......................................................................................................................................10
11 Inspection and acceptance.................................................................................................................10
12 Marking .................................................................................................................................................10
13 Information to be supplied by the purchaser ...................................................................................10
Annex A (normative) Orders requiring base-metal thickness......................................................................12
Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................13

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ISO 4998:2011(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 4998 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 12, Continuous mill flat
rolled products.

This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 4998:2005), which has been technically revised.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4998:2011(E)

Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of structural

quality

1 Scope
This International Standard applies to continuous hot-dip zinc- and zinc-iron-alloy-coated carbon steel sheet of
structural quality.

The product is intended for applications where resistance to corrosion is of prime importance.

The steel sheet is produced in a number of grades, coating mass, ordering conditions and surface treatments.

This International Standard does not cover steels designated as commercial quality, or drawing quality, which
are covered in ISO 3575 [2].

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

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references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 1460, Metallic coatings — Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous materials — Gravimetric determination
of the mass per unit area

ISO 2178, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates — Measurement of coating thickness — Magnetic
method

ISO 3497, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — X-ray spectrometric methods

ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature

ISO 7438, Metallic materials — Bend test

ISO 16163:2010, Continuously hot-dipped coated steel sheet products — Dimensional and shape tolerances

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
continuous hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet
product obtained by hot-dip coating of cold-reduced sheet coils or hot-rolled descaled sheet coils on a
continuous zinc-coating line

3.2
normal coating
coating formed as a result of unrestricted growth of zinc crystals during normal solidification

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ISO 4998:2011(E)

NOTE This coating has a metallic lustre and is of the type normally furnished for a wide variety of applications. It may
be furnished as S or N; however, it may be variable in appearance and is not suitable for decorative painting.

3.3
minimized spangle coating
coating obtained by restricting normal spangle formation during the solidification of the zinc

NOTE This product may have some lack of uniformity in surface appearance within a coil, or from coil to coil.

3.4
smooth finish
smooth coating produced by skin-passing the coated material in order to achieve an improved surface
condition as compared with the normal as-coated product

3.5
zinc-iron alloy coating
coating produced by processing the zinc-coated steel sheet so that the coating formed on the base metal is
composed of zinc-iron alloys

NOTE This product, designated ZF, is not spangled, is normally dull in appearance, and, for some applications, may
be suitable for immediate painting without further treatment, except normal cleaning. Zinc-iron alloy coatings may powder
during severe forming.

3.6
differential coating
coating having a specified coating-mass designation on one surface, and a different coating-mass designation
on the other surface

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3.7
skin pass
light cold-rolling of the zinc-coated steel sheet

NOTE The purpose of the skin pass is to produce a higher degree of surface smoothness and thereby improve the
surface appearance. The skin pass also temporarily minimizes the occurrence of a surface condition known as stretcher
strain (Luder's Lines) or fluting during the fabrication of finished parts. The skin pass also controls and improves flatness.
Some increase in hardness and loss of ductility will result from skin passing.

3.8
lot
50 t or less of sheet of the same grade rolled to the same thickness and coating condition

4 Thickness
4.1 Zinc-coated structural-quality sheet is produced in thicknesses from 0,25 mm to 5 mm after zinc coating,
and in widths of 600 mm and over in coils and cut lengths. Zinc-coated sheet less than 600 mm wide may be
slit from wide sheet and will be considered as sheet.

NOTE Thicknesses less than 0,4 mm might not be available in grades 220, 250, 280 and 320.

4.2 The thickness of zinc- and zinc-iron-alloy-coated sheet steel may be specified as a combination of the
base metal and metallic coating, or base metal alone. The purchaser shall indicate on the order which method
of specifying thickness is required. In the event that the purchaser does not indicate any preference, the
thickness as a combination of the base metal and coating will be provided. Annex A describes the
requirements for specifying the thickness as base metal alone.

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 ISO 4998:2011(E)

5 Conditions of manufacture

5.1 Chemical composition

The chemical composition (heat analysis) shall not exceed the values given in Tables 1 and 2. On request, a
report of the heat analysis shall be made to the purchaser.

A verification analysis (product analysis) may be made by the purchaser to verify the specified analysis of the
semi-finished or finished steel, and shall take into consideration any normal heterogeneity. Non-killed steels,
such as rimmed or capped, are not technologically suited for verification analysis.

The product analysis tolerances are shown in Table 3.

The processes used in making the steel and in manufacturing zinc-coated sheet of structural quality are left to
the discretion of the manufacturer. When requested, the purchaser shall be informed of the steel-making
process being used.

Table 1 — Chemical composition (heat analysis)

Element % max.
Carbon 0,25
Manganese 1,70
Phosphorusa 0,05
Sulfur 0,035
a Grades 250 and 280: phosphorus −0,10 % max.

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Grade 350: phosphorus −0,20 % max.

Table 2 — Limits on additional chemical elements, %

Cua Nia Cra,b Moa,b Nb Vc Ti

Element
max. max. max. max. max. max. max.
Heat analysis 0,20 0,20 0,15 0,06 0,008 0,008 0,008
Product analysis 0,23 0,23 0,19 0,07 0,018 0,018 0,018
Each of the elements listed in this table shall be included in the report of the heat analysis. When the amount of copper,
nickel, chromium or molybdenum present is less than 0,02 %, the analysis may be reported as < 0,02 %.
a The sum of copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0,50 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these
elements are specified, the sum does not apply, in which case only the individual limits on the remaining elements will apply.
b The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0,16 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are
specified, the sum does not apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining elements will apply.
c Heat analysis greater than 0,008 % may be supplied after agreement between the producer and purchaser.

Table 3 — Product analysis tolerances, %

Maximum Tolerance over

Element
of specified element maximum specified
Carbon 0,25 0,04
Manganese 1,70 0,05
Phosphorus 0,05 0,01
Sulfur 0,035 0,01
NOTE The above maximum tolerance is the allowable excess over the specified requirement and not the heat analysis.

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ISO 4998:2011(E)

5.2 Mechanical properties

Structural quality grades shall satisfy the mechanical properties shown in Table 4. On request, a report of the
mechanical properties shall be made to the purchaser.

Table 4 — Mechanical properties

ReL mina Rm A min, %c

Grade
MPab MPa Lo = 50 mm Lo = 80 mm

220 220 310 20 18

250 250 360 18 16

280 280 380 16 14

320 320 430 14 12

350 350 450 12 10

380 380 540 12 10

550 550 570 — —

ReL = lower yield stress

Rm = tensile strength (for information only)

A = percentage elongation after fracture

Lo = gauge length on test piece

a The yield stress specified in this table shall be the lower yield stress (ReL). The values can also be measured by 0,5 % total

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elongation proof stress (proof stress under load) or by 0,2 % offset when a definite yield phenomenon is not present. When the upper
yield stress (ReH) is specified, the values shall be 20 MPa above the ReL values for each grade.
b 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.
c Use either Lo = 50 mm or Lo = 80 mm to measure elongation. For material up to and including 0,6 mm in thickness, the elongation
values in this table shall be reduced by 2.

5.3 Coating

5.3.1 Coating mass

The coating mass limits shall conform to the limits for the designations shown in Table 5. The coating mass is
the total amount of coating on both sides of the sheet, expressed in grams per square metre. The interested
parties shall agree upon the coating mass of differentially coated product. If a maximum coating mass is
required, the manufacturer shall be notified at the time of ordering.

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Table 5 — Mass of coating (total both sides)

Minimum check limit

Coating designation Triple-spot test Single-spot test
g/m2 (of sheet) g/m2 (of sheet)

Z001 No minimumb No minimumb

Z100 100 85
Z180 180 150
Z200 200 170
Z275 275 235
Z350 350 300
Z450a 450 385
Z600a 600 510
Z700a 700 585
ZF001 No minimumb No minimumb
ZF100 100 85
ZF180 180 150

The amount of coating for each coating designation is not always evenly divided between the two surfaces of a zinc-coated
sheet, nor is the zinc coating evenly distributed from edge to edge. However, it can normally be expected that not less
than 40 % of the single-spot check limit will be found on either surface.

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NOTE The coating thickness may be estimated from the coating mass by using the following relationship: 100 g/m2 total both
sides = 0,014 mm total both sides.
a Coating masses corresponding to the designations Z450, Z600 and Z700 are not available for steels with minimum yield stresses
of 320 N/mm2, 350 N/mm2, 380 N/mm2 and 550 N/mm2.
b “No minimum” means that there are no established minimum check limits for triple- and single-spot tests.

5.3.2 Coating adherence

The zinc-coated sheet shall be capable of being bent in any direction, in accordance with the mandrel
diameter requirements for the coating designations included in Table 6. Flaking of the coating within 7 mm
from the edge of the test piece shall not be cause for rejection. The bend-test requirements of Table 6 do not
apply to zinc-iron alloy coating.

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Table 6 — Coating bend-test requirements

180° Bend-mandrel diameter

e < 3 mm e W 3 mm
Grade Coating designation
Up to Z450 Up to
Z700 Z600 Z700
Z350 Z600 Z450

220 1a 2a 3a 2a 3a 4a
250 1a 2a 3a 2a 3a 4a
280 2a 2a 3a 3a 3a 4a
320 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 4a
350 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 4a
380 3a 3a 3a 3a 3a 4a

e = thickness of sheet, in millimetres

a = thickness of bend test piece

5.4 Weldability

This product is normally suitable for welding if appropriate welding conditions are selected with special
attention to the heavier coatings. As the carbon content increases above 0,15 %, spot welding becomes
increasingly difficult. Because the heat of welding might have a significant effect on lowering the strength of

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grade 550, this grade is not recommended for welding.

5.5 Painting

Hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet is a suitable base for paint, but the first treatment may be different from those
used on mild steel. Pretreatment primers, chemical conversion coatings (chromate, phosphate or oxide type)
and some paints specially formulated for direct application to zinc surfaces are all appropriate first treatments
for hot-dip zinc-coated sheet. In drawing up a painting schedule, consideration shall be given to whether the
hot-dip zinc-coated sheet shall be ordered in the passivated or not passivated state.

5.6 Surface treatment

5.6.1 Mill passivation

A chemical treatment is normally applied to zinc coatings to minimize the hazard of wet-storage staining (white
rust) during shipment and storage. However, the inhibiting characteristics of the treatment are limited, and if a
shipment is received wet, the material shall be used immediately or dried. This treatment is not usually applied
to zinc-iron alloyed coatings because it interferes with the adhesion of most paints.

5.6.2 Mill phosphating

The zinc-coated steel sheet may be processed chemically at the manufacturer's works to prepare all types of
coatings for painting without further treatment, except normal cleaning.

5.6.3 Oiling

The zinc-coated steel sheet as produced may be oiled to prevent marring and scratching of the soft surface
during handling or shipping and to minimize wet-storage staining. When the zinc-coated sheet has received a
passivating treatment, oiling will further minimize the hazard of wet-storage staining.

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5.7 Dimensional and shape tolerances

5.7.1 Dimensional tolerances applicable to zinc-coated steel sheet shall be as given in ISO 16163. The
tolerances for thickness apply to products whose thickness is a combination of base metal and coating
thickness.

5.7.2 When the base-metal thickness is specified, the thickness tolerances of Tables 2, 3 and 4 of
ISO 16163:2010 shall apply to the average product thickness calculated in accordance with Annex A.

6 Sampling

6.1 Chemical composition

The manufacturer shall test each heat to determine compliance with the requirements of Tables 1 and 2.

6.2 Tensile test

One representative transverse sample shall be taken from each lot to verify conformance to the requirements
of Table 4. Transverse test pieces shall be taken midway between the centre and the edge of the sheet
as-rolled.

6.3 Coating tests

6.3.1 Coating mass

6.3.1.1 The producer shall develop a testing plan with a frequency sufficient to adequately characterize

6.3.1.2
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the lot of material and ensure conformance with specification requirements.

The purchaser may conduct verification tests by securing a sample piece approximately 300 mm
in length by the as-coated width and cutting three test specimens, one from the mid-width position and one
from each side not closer than 25 mm from the side edge. The minimum area of each specimen shall be
1 200 mm2.

6.3.2 Triple-spot test

The triple-spot test result shall be the average coating mass found on the three specimens taken in
accordance with 6.3.1.

6.3.3 Single-spot test

The single-spot test result shall be the minimum coating mass found on any one of the three specimens used
for the triple-spot test. Material, which has been slit from wide coil, shall be subject to a single-spot test only.

6.3.4 Coating adherence

One representative sample for the coating bend test shall be taken from each lot of sheet for shipment. The
specimens for the coated bend test shall be taken not closer than 25 mm from the side edge. The minimum
width of the test specimen shall be 50 mm.

6.4 Retest

If a test does not satisfy the specified results, two more test pieces shall be taken at random from the same lot.
Both retests shall conform to the requirements of this International Standard.

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ISO 4998:2011(E)

7 Test methods

7.1 Tensile test

The tests shall be conducted in accordance with the methods specified in ISO 6892-1. The base-metal
thickness shall be used to calculate the cross-sectional area needed for the tensile test; however, for orders
specifying thickness “as base metal only”, there are two permissible methods for determining the base-metal
thickness:

a) Option A — Determine the actual base-metal thickness by direct measurement of the substrate of a
specimen whose coating has been removed.

b) Option B — Calculation of the base-metal thickness, by subtraction of the average coating thickness for
the appropriate coating designation included in Annex A from the actual coated thickness of the test
specimen.

7.2 Coating properties

7.2.1 Coating mass

The manufacturer shall conduct tests using methods deemed necessary to ensure that the material complies
with the requirements shown in Table 5. Commonly used methods include those specified in ISO 1460,
ISO 2178 and ISO 3497. The coating mass is determined by converting coating thickness measurements
made with magnetic gauges (ISO 2178) or by X-ray spectrometry (ISO 3497) using the relationship shown in
the note below Table 5.

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7.2.2 Coating adherence

Bend tests shall be conducted in accordance with the methods specified in ISO 7438.

8 Designation system
The designation system includes the coating type, coating mass, coating condition, surface treatment, and
steel grade.

8.1 Coating type

The letter Z indicates a zinc coating and the letters ZF indicate a zinc-iron alloy coating.

8.2 Coating mass

The coating mass designations for zinc coating are: 001, 100, 180, 200, 275, 350, 450, 600 and 700. The
coating designations for zinc-iron alloy coating are: 001, 100, and 180.

The coating is expressed as the total mass on both surfaces, in grams per square metre. The coating mass
specified should be compatible with the desired service life, the thickness of the base metal, and with the
forming requirements involved.

NOTE For differential coatings, the coating mass of each surface, which is based on the agreement of the interested
parties, is shown in the order of top surface and bottom surface. An example of a differential coating designation is:
Z120S60C02

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8.3 Coating conditions

The conditions of the coating are:

⎯ N: normal coating (as produced)

⎯ S: normal coating (skin passed)

⎯ M: minimized spangle (as produced)

⎯ E: minimized spangle ( skin passed)

The “M” and “E” coating conditions are normally furnished in designations Z350, Z275, Z200 and Z180 in thicknesses of
0,40 mm to 3 mm inclusive.

8.4 Surface treatment

The types of surface treatment are:

⎯ C: Mill passivation

⎯ P: Mill phosphating

⎯ O: Oiling

⎯ CO: Mill passivation and oiling

8.5 Example
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An example of a complete designation is Z275MC250. The designation includes the following components:

⎯ Z: zinc coating

⎯ 275: coating mass

⎯ M: minimized spangle

⎯ C: mill passivation

⎯ 250: steel grade

9 Resubmission
9.1 The manufacturer may resubmit for acceptance the products that have been rejected during earlier
inspection because of unsatisfactory properties, after they have been subjected to a suitable treatment
(selection, heat treatment) which, on request, will be indicated to the purchaser. In this case, the tests should
be carried out as if they applied to a new lot.

9.2 The manufacturer has the right to present the rejected products to a new examination for compliance
with the requirements for another quality or grade.

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ISO 4998:2011(E)

10 Workmanship
The zinc-coated steel sheet in cut lengths shall be free from amounts of laminations, surface flaws and other
imperfections that are detrimental to subsequent appropriate processing. Processing for shipment in coils
does not afford the manufacturer the opportunity to observe readily or to remove defective portions as can be
carried out for cut-length products.

11 Inspection and acceptance

11.1 While not usually required for products covered by this International Standard, the purchaser may
specify that inspection and tests for acceptance be observed prior to shipment from the manufacturer's works.
In these cases, the manufacturer shall afford the purchaser's inspector all reasonable facilities to determine
that the steel is being furnished in accordance with this International Standard.

11.2 Steel that is reported to be defective after arrival at the user's works shall be set aside, properly and
correctly identified, and adequately protected.

12 Marking
Unless otherwise stated, the following minimum requirements for identifying the steel shall be legibly stenciled
on the top of each lift or shown on a tag attached to each coil or shipping unit:

a) the manufacturer's name or identifying brand;

b) the number of this International Standard; i.e. ISO 4998:2011;

c)

d)
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the grade designation;

the coating designation;

e) the order number;

f) the product dimensions;

g) the lot number;

h) the mass.

13 Information to be supplied by the purchaser

To specify requirements adequately in accordance with this International Standard, inquiries and orders shall
include the following information:

a) the number of this International Standard; i.e. ISO 4998:2011;

b) the name and designation of the material, for example, hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet, Z275NC220
(see Clause 8);

c) dimensions: for cut lengths, thickness (combination of base metal and coating or base metal alone), width,
length and bundle mass and the total quantity required; for coils, thickness (combination of base metal
and coating or base metal alone), width, minimum or range of inside diameter, outside diameter, and the
maximum acceptable coil mass, and the quantity required.

NOTE 1 When the base metal alone is specified, see Annex A for details.

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NOTE 2 When the method of specifying thickness is not indicated, the combination of base metal and coating will be
provided.

d) the application (name of part) when available;

NOTE 3 Identification of the application provides the opportunity to assess the compatibility of the end use with the
ordered grade and coating designation. Proper identification of the part can include a description of the part or a visual
examination of a submitted part and/or part prints, or any combination thereof.

e) whether oiled or not (see 5.6.3);

f) whether mill passivated or not (see 5.6.1);

g) whether mill phosphated or not (see 5.6.2);

h) the report of the mechanical properties and/or heat analysis, if required;

i) inspection and tests for acceptance prior to shipment from the manufacturer's works, if required
(see Clause 11);

EXAMPLE A typical ordering description is as follows:

International Standard ISO 4998:2011, hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet, Z180NO280, 0,46 mm (base metal and
coating) × 1 200 × 2 400 mm, 20 000 kg, to fabricate drawn shells, part 7201, mill passivation and oiled, maximum lift
4 000 kg.

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ISO 4998:2011(E)

Annex A
(normative)

Orders requiring base-metal thickness

When specified by the purchaser, the ordered thickness shall be the base-metal thickness. In these cases, the
average coated-product thickness shall be calculated as the base-metal thickness + average thickness for
each surface (see Table A.1) of the coating mass as indicated in Figure A.1. Thickness tolerance tables apply
to the average coated-product thickness.

Key
1 average coated-product thickness
2 average coating thickness
3
4
base-metal thickness
thickness tolerance http://qstandard.org/
Figure A.1 — Calculation of the average coated-product thickness

Table A.1 — Average thickness for coating mass — Total both sides

Average coating massa

Coating designation
For calculation, mm

Z100 0,021
Z180 0,034
Z200 0,040
Z275 0,054
Z350 0,064
Z450 0,080
Z600 0,102
Z700 0,118

ZF100 0,021
ZF180 0,034
a Coating mass data derived from actual production results.

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 ISO 4998:2011(E)

Bibliography

[1] ASTM A653/A653M, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron
Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process 1)

[2] ISO 3575, Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities1)

[3] JIS G 3302, Hot-Dip Zinc-Coated Steel Sheet and Coils1)

[4] EN 10346, Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products — Technical delivery conditions1)

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1) This document is recognized by ISO/TC 17/SC 12 to cover a subject similar to that of this International Standard. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and constitutes neither an endorsement of
te document by ISO/TC 17/SC 12 or ISO, nor a statement regarding its degree of equivalence with this International
Standard.

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ISO 4998:2011(E)

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