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    Reported Speech Notes

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    Faisal Jahangir
    Direct and indirect speech refer to quoting someone's words directly versus reporting what they said in your own words. When using indirect speech, certain changes must be made to reflect changes in tense, place, time, and pronouns. Tense changes from the present to past, words indicating nearness change to distance, pronouns change to the appropriate third person forms, and adverbs of time and place are altered to reflect when and where the speech is being reported rather than originally spoken. Correctly identifying and implementing these changes is necessary to accurately convey someone's message through indirect speech.

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    Reported Speech Notes

    Uploaded by

    Faisal Jahangir
    23 views5 pages
    Direct and indirect speech refer to quoting someone's words directly versus reporting what they said in your own words. When using indirect speech, certain changes must be made to reflect changes in tense, place, time, and pronouns. Tense changes from the present to past, words indicating nearness change to distance, pronouns change to the appropriate third person forms, and adverbs of time and place are altered to reflect when and where the speech is being reported rather than originally spoken. Correctly identifying and implementing these changes is necessary to accurately convey someone's message through indirect speech.

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    Reported speech notes

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    Direct and indirect speech refer to quoting someone's words directly versus reporting what they said in your own words. When using indirect speech, certain changes must be made to reflect changes in tense, place, time, and pronouns. Tense changes from the present to past, words indicating nearness change to distance, pronouns change to the appropriate third person forms, and adverbs of time and place are altered to reflect when and where the speech is being reported rather than originally spoken. Correctly identifying and implementing these changes is necessary to accurately convey someone's message through indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    23 views5 pages

    Reported Speech Notes

    Uploaded by

    Faisal Jahangir
    Direct and indirect speech refer to quoting someone's words directly versus reporting what they said in your own words. When using indirect speech, certain changes must be made to reflect changes in tense, place, time, and pronouns. Tense changes from the present to past, words indicating nearness change to distance, pronouns change to the appropriate third person forms, and adverbs of time and place are altered to reflect when and where the speech is being reported rather than originally spoken. Correctly identifying and implementing these changes is necessary to accurately convey someone's message through indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

    SCHOOLS

    Direct and Indirect Speech Rules


    Reported Speech is also known as Direct and Indirect Speech or
    Narration. In Indirect Speech, we convey the speaker’s message in our
    own words. Thus, the message can be conveyed in 2 ways.

    1. Direct Speech
    2. Indirect Speech

    Direct speech is known as repeating the exact words spoken and Indirect
    speech is known as reporting the words.

    Direct Speech Indirect Speech

    Can Could

    May Might

    Must Had to/ Would have to

    Should Should

    Might Might

    Could Could

    Would Would

    Ought to Ought to
     

     
    Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises for Modals:
     

    Look to the Direct and Indirect Speech examples with answers using
    modals.

    1. He said, “I can cook food.”

              He said that he could cook food.

    2. They said, “We may go to Canada.”

               They said that they might go to Canada.

    3. She said, “I must finish the work on time.”

               She said that she had to finish the work on time.

    Changes as per Tense


     

    In the below table, we are sharing how tense changes into Indirect
    speech.

    Direct Speech Indirect Speech

    Present simple Past simple

     (Subject +V1st + Object) (Subject +V2 + Object)

    Present continuous
    Past Continuous
     (Subject +is/am/are+V1 +ing+
    (Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object)
    Object)

    Present perfect Past perfect


    (Subject +
    (Subject+had+V3+Object)
    has/have+V3+Object)

    Past simple Past perfect

    (Subject+V2+Object) (Subject+had+V3+Object)

    Past Continuous
    Past perfect continuous
    (Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+
    (Subject +had been+V1 +ing+ Object)
    Object)

    Future simple Present Conditional

    (Subject+ will/shall+V1+object) (Subject+ would+V1+object)

    Future Continuous Conditional Continuous

    (Subject +will/shall+be+V1 (Subject +would+be+V1 +ing+


    +ing+ Object) Object)
    Changes in Place and Time
     

    Words are changed in an Indirect Speech to replace nearness from


    distance. In the table, we are sharing some words which are changed in
    Indirect speech.

    Direct Speech Indirect Speech

    Now Then

    Here There

    Today That day

    Tomorrow The next day

    Last week The previous week


    This That

    Tonight That night

    Ago Before

    Thus So

    Hither Thither

    Come Go

    Hence Thence

    Next Following
    Changes of Pronouns
     

    Direct Speech Indirect Speech

    I He/she

    You He/she/they

    We They

    They They

    He He

    She She

    It It

    Us Them

    Our Their
    His His

    Her Her

    Its Its

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