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I n o t h e> CL S[ W it i ; il o t e l t’ : 1 > wi w t h , 1 w •
> i c u h m e x p >e s s e s a l iab i •

l it y w h ic h i l l c ] u t] e s v i H n i n i o l : m ’ " n t
’
w h ie h (
•
x ( , w t l ; c u l p a b u t f a l ls s h o ]: t

36
o f v i s m a i o > . U 1p i a n (D . 19 , I , 1T , ) $t :l t e s t h Bt t a L1 n s p e c t o > w h o

r e ce i v e s 0 11 o b jt 1
c t o n h is o LV n a c c o u n t o r o n :1 (: c o u n t o f h im sel f a n il t h t
’

s u p p l ie > i s l i i 1l ) ] e f o l
’
do lu s : 1 111l e u l w l h u t n o t f o > 1 1
•
i( •
u lu n i . M1 l cit w

fl ’
o m I u l i a ll a c a se i ll w h i c ll a c l . E [ l i t o ]: a h n i l l i Rt e l
•
in t h e t:s t a t e of a
g
decea se d d eb t o r p l a c e s t h e p r: o c e e d s o f t h e sa l e o f t h e d e b t o ]:
’
s e f e ct s i n t o

a b o x . T he 】
n o n ej ’
is l o st w i t h o trt h i s c u l p a . I u l ia n h el d t h a t t h e c r ed it ol

bo ]: 0 t he p e r i c u l u rJr i f h e sh o u l d n o t h a v e k e p t t h e m o n i 1y in t h e l i l: s t

pla ce b u t u sed i t t o p a y t h e d eb t s o f t h e e st a t e (D . 3, 5
,
1 2
) .

Se c o n d p er i cu l u m i s u s ed i n Co n t e x t s w h e r e i t t h e r i sk
e x p r e s se s

(i l l c l u [l i n
g t h a t o f v i 8 m a i o r
) b o l :n n c o n t r a st
b y o ll e p a r t y t o a co n t >a ct J
to cu l p a f o r w h i ch t h e r
o t h e r p a r t y i s l i a b l e . W h e ]: e a n i n s p ect o
em p l oy s a m essen h e
g e r t o r et u r n t h e o b ject t o t h e f >o m w h om
p e ]: s o n
]: e (
:
i :ed i t
i f he
e a n d t h e o b ject i s l o st t h e p er i c u l u m i s o n t h e l a t t e]
:

32 S e e a l s
o T h e I r ish J tt r i s t
, 5
(19 70 ) , 3 6 9 .

33 C f )frg -

. + R ˇ . J M ( 19 6 4 ) , Sp p 23 , 4 9 .

23 D
, .
1 1 T . a l so D . 3 4 G r d cf .
3 ,

34
.
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See n o te 5 8 .

l 35 S e e z . SS , $
(19 7 2 ) . Se e a l so D 13 , 2
36
. 6 , 5 , a n d c f . D . 2 7, 8 ,
4 .

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n r i g h t giv e m e H t k l l u s T1w P w i (: u l l l n i •
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. H
w
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• m N i n { l y o u w il l (m ]y l i :l h l > f o l
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1) 1: $ { i H T tH p i :I I I C 0 l l ; i { B> > s c 1l ( •
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31
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>n l p :1 . T l 1( ’
r e a r e m : i n
y e x :t m p l u s . F o r: c o m m o d n t u m U 1p i : i n (D . 1 ,
6
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(l l l r t o r 1w a ] : 8 t h e i
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’ 41
l p :1 plo 1 :) 2 :I n T
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42
Bi , 1 ; n u l l = o r n
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of P t
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】 110 W in t e ]: m s o f d o lu s a n d c u l p zr . L T1 p i a n > e p o ]: t s t h e v ie w s

o f L a b t •
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"
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to H n p o n t e ]:n l s t h a t t ll ey m .e t o b e w t u 11 l M u n l e s s B o b t a i n s a c e ]: t a i n

h ( ]t ] •
t 0 b e w i t h A i f h e a = k : (1 B t o n i a i l ir
g
p t h e u f fa i l
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)
a n d w it h B i f h e

38 T 11e r ej ec tio n o f 111 o s t o f t h e t e x t a s p o st c l a s si c a l o r c o m p i l a t o r i a l i s

’
lm j u » l i e d : G R A D E X W ˇ T Z I ?1 t c r p o l a t i o n e n i n d e n P t t n , d r l: 1 .
E n
(1 8 8 7 ) ,
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,

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B u s t n . E L T . B c i t r ii g e r u r K r i t / lc ‹ r r i i +n i s c l t c n E c c b t s c [ u e 1t e n ,
2
11 9 11 1 ,
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14 1 II . : : ; SHCK 1cl .
-
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Z 8 S , 9 (1 8 8 8 ) ,
1 8 1

W il i lh :t (: >u d e ll w i t z .

39 S w z XN . 89 (1972 ),
40 Sep a l so D . 13 , 6
,
5
,
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4 1 S (• ’

19 ,
e z . 8 , 8 9 ( 1 1) 7 2 ) : cf . A lso D .
2 ,
9 ,
3 .

42 (l
n t h e t u t o r see T h e Br is 1 J u r is t ,
5 ( 19 7 0 ) , 3 t i F ; c f . A l so D . 12 , 1
,
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ttrs :I l l d e t1l p :1 ( 1) . I : ), 5 1 7 I )
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blv Bl k s h is le w h il u c :u
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7 in o u t a n 0 1, d w i v e n h in i b y
l i y t’ ] •
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g 1
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( l i s c 11 M m l l i n b i l i
t¥ hl t w m s o f w r ic u l u m )
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p a ’

44
0 1
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H il o c 11 1’ " : 1 (D 1 :) 1) ) I H
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,

nd
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) g e r e h a s
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d e s i: r 0 b «, d a s Pa
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p in ian
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P> o p e r l T a r e n o t su b j e (: t e d t o t h e p er i c u l u m eu l p a e (D 26, 7
) 45
.

, 3 9 1 2
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p a b u t e x c l 11[l H s
ca su s . U 1p i a n w r i t e s i n D 16, 3 1 3 5 : i d e m I /1 l i a
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43 T h e c l a u se con t a in i n t h e r ef e r en c e
g t o d o l u s a n d c u l p a ( .
9 i n r n fr t
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tes)
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o n t h e g r o u n d t h a t i t c o n t e m p l a t e s a n i m p o Hs i h l e
s i t u a t i o n . If tw o p er son s m a k e 0 11 a g r eem e n t o n e o r o t h e r o f t h em m tl s t m a k e
the i n i t ia l o ff e r T lie Ii l: i t
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t h e t e x t d e a l s w i t h t h e s e a l t e t:n a t i v e s a n d i t I
th o u g h t t h a t t h e c o m p il e r s o l: a p o s t c l a s s i c a l e d i t o r a d d i c t e et t o c o m p l e t o t 1r n n i : l
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48
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63 S e e 】B e s t 8 c h r i f ,
t o r D a m b e .

64 S e e 8 , 8 9
(1 9 7 2 ) .

65 See F e st sch + •
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6 6 T 11e ] : e seem s t o 1) e 11 0 g r o u n d f o r t h e >e m o v a l o f tile

B1 u t c lll p a f r o m p h ms p
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t >o g o o d s o n

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t he a m o ll n t o f t h t: d (’ bt :r n d t h e 1: l t t e ].
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: 11 i s i n g 72
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ill n l a k i n
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t ; \ 11l
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:
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t u t e c u l p a . T he t ex t s c o n c e ]: n e d w i t h t h i s
q u e st io n set o u t t h e st a t es of
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u n d e r st o o d f o ]: t h e
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m e d i c a l a t t e n t i o n a n d t h e s t a i:e d i e s h e i s n o t l i a h le a n d i s d i s c h a ]: g e d
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