Persian Gardens

Persian Gardens
• The tradition and style in the

garden design of Persian gardens
has influenced the design of
gardens from Spain to India and
beyond.
• The Persian garden styles follow

the gardening styles of Egypt.
• The local climate, high walled

structures, shady trees, water
streams and fountains are the
factors which makes the Persian
garden a paradise on earth.
• The different styles of Persian SHADY TREES

garden are Hayat, Meidan, SUCH AS CYPRUS
Chahar Bagh, Park and Bagh.
WATER STREAMS
• The Persian gardens are planted
with different types of fruit,
flower trees, shrubs, shady
plants, etc.
• The irrigation canals are also
planted in the gardens.
• The canals were planted
straight to provide water to the
plants which were also planted
straight along the canals.
• The Persian garden style spread
eastwards to India and
westwards via Spain with the AMALGAMATION OF THE GARDENS
AND CANALS
spread of Islam and by the
Romans.
Origin :
• Persian gardens originated in 4000 BCE.
• The decorated pottery of that time shows the typical cross plan of the Persian gardens.
• This style is best seen in Cyrus the Great's garden which was built-in around 500
BCE.
•
During the reign of Sassanids and under the influence of Zoroastrianism, water was
considered an important factor in the art of garden.
The greater emphasis was given on ponds and fountains in the garden.
During the Arab occupation, gardens were built by taking into consideration aesthetic
rules.
The best example of this is 'Chahar bagh', with four rivers and four quadrants representing
the world.
After 18th century, European Garden design began to influence Persia, especially those of
France, Russia and United Kingdom.
2 1
RIVERS
3 4
History:
• These gardens are enclosed.
• The main purpose behind building such gardens

was to provide
relaxation in different manners such as
spiritual,
leisurely (e.g. meetings with friends).
• “Pairi daeza” means enclosed space in Persian

language.
• This Christian mythology adopted this term to Garden of Eden

describe
the Garden of Eden or paradise on earth.
• The construction of garden may have
an emphasis either on nature or on
structure, however the main thing this
garden should allow is maximization of
function.
• The Persian gardens were built as a

retreat from the harsh landscape.
• These gardens are followed by modern-

day garden, from the sanctuaries and
hunting parks of 5th century B.C.,
19th century magical nightingale
gardens of Tehran, etc.
Cyrus's garden
• The Cyrus's garden had a geometrical

plan and stone watercourses.
Water courses Geometrical
plan
• This style was widely used with the spread of Islam, from
Moorish gardens (Spain) to Mughul gardens (India).
• In contrast with the European gardens of the time the

Persian gardens were very lavish. These gardens consisted
of herb plants around monasteries.
• The gardens also had red and yellow beautiful, colourful

fruit plants in it.
• Bagh-e-Shahzadeh is one of the remaining few persian

garden. It has series of split level fountains and it is full
of tender beauty of nature.
• The Persian gardens have influenced the gardeners of

Andalusia to India and other countries also.
Bagh-e-Shahzadeh
Basic styles of Persian garden :
Hayat:
• This is the old classical Persian garden layout which highly emphasizes
on aesthetics.
• The grounds are covered with gravels flagged with stones.
• Planting is very simple. The trees are planted in a line with a shade.
• The pools are the source of humidity in the surrounding atmosphere.
• These gardens are mainly pool centred and structure centred.
Meidan:
• This is a public, formal garden which emphasizes more on biotic

elements than structure.
• Here we see bedding plants, trees, shrubs, grasses, etc.
• In this garden also the elements like gravel pathways, pools divide
the lawns.
• The shade providing structures pavilions are also built.
Chahar Bagh:
• These gardens are formal and private.

• The garden structure mainly consists of four quadrants divided by
pathways and waterways.
• This garden has a balanced structure with proper pathways and
greenery or plants around the periphery of the pool.
Park:
• These are casual parks used for public functions.
• These are full of various plants.
• Here we see pathways and seating but these gardens are limited in terms of
structural elements.
• The purpose of such gardens is relaxation and socialization.
Bagh:
• Like other casual gardens, it focuses on natural and green aspects of nature.
• These gardens are often attached to houses consisting of trees, lawns and ground
plants.
• It gives less emphasis on waterways and pathways.
• The primary aim is familial relaxation.
Elements of Persian Gardens
• The important Persian garden elements are sunlight, shade, water,
buildings.
• These elements provide relaxation in different manners such as
spiritual, leisurely (e.g. meetings with friends) etc. which is the primary
aim of Persian garden which is considered as a paradise on earth.
• The Persian gardens often connect internal yard gardens with the
surrounding outward gardens.
 Sunlight :
The important factor to be considered while
designing the Persian garden is sunlight and its
effects in the garden.
Architects arranged the samples and forms from
the rays of light to restrain the sunlight.
The specific textures and shapes were chosen by
the experienced architects to harness the light.
 Shade:
The shade is also very important due to the dry heat of Iran.
The Persian gardens includes trees, shrubs and trellises
which work as biotic shades to provide protection from
strong sunrays.
In these gardens we can see large number of big shade trees,
fruit and flower trees as well.
Walls and pavilions are also important in blocking the harsh
sunrays.
Mostly cypress trees are found .
 Water:
In desert regions, there are many dry areas beside the many forests, therefore water
comes as the next important element in the Persian garden.
The underground water canals are built on slopes to facilitate either natural or the
artificial flow of water (waterfalls).
It is assumed that this style of irrigation is thousand years old.
This style works in the best way and widely used even in modern gardening styles.
For this purpose of moving water around the surface water systems.
Trees are planted in a ditch called a jub, to prevent water evaporation and allow
quick access of water to the tree roots.
JUB
(DITCH)
 Buildings:
In many of the Persian gardens, buildings of splendour, brick works and pavilions are
seen.
Here we also get to see the different structural designs like royal palaces, mansions,
temples, etc.
Iranian architects used to build domes on square buildings very skilfully.
These enhance the beauty of these gardens.
In Persian gardens, beautiful arches were constructed.
In front of many mansions and palaces of these gardens, the water fountains were placed
as the source of cool, peaceful atmosphere and pleasure.
The beautiful types of glasses (e.g. stain glasses) were used for windows and other glass
works.
Characteristic features of Persian gardens:
• The most important factor of Persian gardens is to build shade type
structures wherever necessary in the garden. This helps to cope with hot
climates and keep the atmosphere cool.
• These gardens are closed and walled and have very little association
with the area outside these walls.
• The Persian gardens necessarily have a central water feature or ponds

as water is the soul of these gardens. Fountains tend to be more of
modern Persian garden design. It is a best way save water and
maintain with the original design consisting of a water structure.
• The gardens have crisp colours and clean alignments. Intricate mosaic
tiles are occasionally used in these gardens.
• The garden can be conservative, refined, formal or relaxed and casual.
The different garden designs serve different purposes.
• Arches play an important role in Persian garden designs. It shows

typical Persian architectural theme. These arches are made from
stonework or sometimes wooden support which can be made appear as
original.
• Symmetry is very important in these designs. The matching or mirroring

elements can give enjoyment and pleasure.
END

Persian Gardens

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Persian Gardens

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Persian Gardens

• The tradition and style in the

• The Persian garden styles follow

• The local climate, high walled

• The different styles of Persian SHADY TREES

• The main purpose behind building such gardens

• “Pairi daeza” means enclosed space in Persian

• This Christian mythology adopted this term to Garden of Eden

• The Persian gardens were built as a

• These gardens are followed by modern-

• The Cyrus's garden had a geometrical

• In contrast with the European gardens of the time the

• The gardens also had red and yellow beautiful, colourful

• Bagh-e-Shahzadeh is one of the remaining few persian

• The Persian gardens have influenced the gardeners of

• This is a public, formal garden which emphasizes more on biotic

• These gardens are formal and private.

• The Persian gardens necessarily have a central water feature or ponds

• Arches play an important role in Persian garden designs. It shows

• Symmetry is very important in these designs. The matching or mirroring

You might also like