Alternative Learning System

Pre-Test: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

SCORE :

Let’s See What You Already Know

1. Luisa bought materials to make a banner for her barangay. She bought 4 / 7 meter of
red cloth,
3 / 7 meter of yellow cloth and 5 / 7 meter of green cloth. How many meters of cloth did
she buy?

2. Lito sold 1 / 3 of a sack of camote and ¼ sack of sayote. How many sacks of
vegetables did he sell altogether?

3. Solve the following:

a. 𝟕
+𝟏+ 𝟓 = ?
𝟏𝟐 𝟔 𝟖
b. 𝟑 - 𝟏 = ?
𝟒 𝟓

4. Mang Lino’s rice harvest yielded 15 ¼ sacks of rice while Mang Pepe’s rice harvest yielded
19 ¾ sacks of rice. How much more did Mang Pepe harvested than Mang Lino?
5. Liza bought 3 ½ kilos of fish, 2 ¾ kilos of beef, and 1 2 / 3 kilos of chicken. How
much meat did Liza buy?

6. Mrs. Santos bought ½ a kaban of rice. She used 1/10 of kaban and kept the rest.
How much rice did she keep?

7. A recipe for a cake needs 3 ½ cups of milk. If 1 ¾ cups of milk are already mixed in
the ingredients, how any more cups of milk are needed?
 Addition & Subtraction of Similar Fractions

Let’s Learn
Let us review the concept of similar fractions. Similar fractions are fractions that have the same
denominator. Below are some examples of similar fractions:

Take note that fractions can be added or subtracted only when these fractions are similar
fractions. Therefore, 1 / 5 and 3 / 5 which are similar fractions, can easily be added together,
whereas 1 / 6 and 3 / 5 which are dissimilar fractions still need to be changed to similar fractions
before we could add them. Let us get acquainted with adding similar fractions first before we go
on to learn how to add dissimilar fractions.
Let’s Study and Analyze
Let us now look at some sample problems on how to add similar fractions and reduce the answer
(sum) in its lowest term, if necessary.

STEP 2 Add the numerators of the fractions while retaining the denominator. The denominator
represents the number of parts or divisions in a whole. In similar fractions, this number of parts is
the same for all the fractions. Therefore, the value of the denominator should be left unchanged.
 Addition & Subtraction of Dissimilar Fractions
Let’s Learn
You learned in the module ‘Learning About Fractions” that dissimilar fractions are fractions that
have different denominators. Below are some examples of dissimilar fractions.

Dissimilar fractions can be proper fractions (fractions with numerators that are lesser than their
denominators) or improper fractions (fractions with numerators that are greater than their
denominators).
Let’s Study and Analyze
Dissimilar fractions cannot be added directly. You first need to convert dissimilar fractions into
similar fractions. This means that you have to change the fractions you want to add so they
would have the same denominator. To do this, you need to find the least common denominator
(LCD) of the fractions to be added.
The least common denominator is the lowest possible number that is a multiple of all the
denominators of the compared fractions. Remember that multiples of a certain number are the
multiplied products of that number. For example the multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 … and so on.
The multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 … and so on. Look at the set of fractions shown
below.

How do we look for the least common denominator (LCD) of the three fractions? To get the LCD
of the three fractions, we need to compare the multiples of their denominators (4, 12 and 6). The
smallest multiple common to the three denominators will be the LCD. Shown below are the
multiples of the three denominators.

Were you able to find common multiples of the three denominators? For the three denominators
4, 12 and 6, we can see that 12 is a common multiple. Observe that 24 is also a common multiple
of 4, 12 and 6. Since the common multiple 12 is smaller than the common multiple 24, we can
say that 12 is the least common denominator.
Let us now learn how to get the LCD step by step by studying the example below.
 EXAMPLE 1 Find the LCD of 3/5, 9/10 and 2/3.

Compare the denominators 5, 10 and 3.

STEP 1 Start by enumerating the multiples of the largest denominator(10 is the

largest denominator among the three). For every multiple that you
enumerate, check if this multiple is also a multiple of the other
denominators. Stop enumerating whenyou find a common multiple for
the denominators.

10 – 10, 20, 30

5 – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30

3 – 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30

Therefore 30 is a common multiple of 10, 5 and 3.

STEP 2 When you find a multiple of the largest denominator that isalso a
multiple of the other denominators, then this is the LCD of the fractions.

Therefore, the LCD of 3/5, 9/10 and 2/3 is 30.

Let’s Study and Analyze

EXAMPLE 1 Find the sum of ¼, 1/6 and 3/8.

STEP 1 Find the least common denominator (LCD) of the fractionsto be added.

Compare the denominators 4, 6 and 8. 8 is the largest denominator,

therefore, we enumerate the multiples of 8 andcheck for a common multiple
for all the denominators.

8 – 8, 16, 24

6 – 6, 12, 18, 24

4 – 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24

Therefore, 24 is the LCD of 8, 6 and 4.

STEP 2 Convert each of the fractions to an equivalent fraction

whosedenominator is equal to the LCD (24).

a. Convert ¼ to an equivalent fraction whose denominatoris 24.

Divide the LCD (24) by the denominator (4), 24 ÷4 = 6. The
quotient is 6. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the
quotient (6) to get the equivalent fraction.

1 6 6
 
 4 6 24

b. Convert 1/ to an 6equivalent fraction whose denominator

is 24. Divide the LCD (24) by the denominator (6),
24 ÷ 6 = 4. The quotient is 4. Multiply the numerator
anddenominator by the quotient (4) to get the equivalent fraction.
1 4 4
 
6 4 24

c. Convert 3/ to an8 equivalent fraction whose denominator

is 24. Divide the LCD (24) by the denominator (8),
24 ÷ 8 = 3. The quotient is 3. Multiply the numerator
anddenominator by the quotient (3) to get the equivalent fraction.

3 3 9
 
8 3 24

STEP 3 Add the similar fractions.

19
Therefore, the sum is /24.
 Addition & Subtraction of Mixed
Numbers, Fractions, and Whole Numbers

Let’s Learn
Mixed numbers are quantities that have a whole number part and a fraction
part. Below are some examples of mixed numbers.

EXAMPLE 1
2
14
fraction
3
whole number
EXAMPLE 2

11
9 fraction
35
whole number

Let’s Study and Analyze

How do you add mixed numbers? Let us take a look at our earlier
example of Mang Pedro and his paints.

EXAMPLE Mang Pedro consumed 2 ¾ liters of white paint and 1 2/3

liters of red paint. What is the total volume of paint
that Mang Pedro used?
SOLUTION

STEP 1 Write the given information.

2 3/ liters – amount of white paint Mang Pedro

4
1 2/3 used. liters – amount of red paint Mang Pedro
used.

STEP 2 Determine what is asked.

Find the total amount of paint Mang Pedro used.

30
STEP 3 Find the LCD of the fractions in the mixed numbers to
make them similar fractions.
The fraction in 2 ¾ is ¾. The fraction in 1 2/ is 2/ . To find
3 3
2
the LCD of ¾ and /3 , find the smallest common multiple
of their denominators (4 and 3)

4 – 4, 8, 12
3 – 3, 6, 9, 12

12 is the smallest common multiple of the two denominators;

therefore, 12 is the LCD of ¾ and 2/3.

STEP 4 Replace each of the fractions in the mixed numbers with

equivalent fractions whose denominator is equal to the
LCD (12).

a. Convert ¾ to an equivalent fraction whose

denominator is 12. Divide the LCD (12) by the
denominator (4),
12 ÷ 4 = 3. The quotient is 3. Multiply the numerator
and denominator by the quotient (3) to get the
equivalent fraction.
3 3 9
 
4 3 12

Replace ¾ with the equivalent fraction 9/12. Therefore 2

¾ becomes 2 9/12.

Convert 2/3 to an equivalent fraction whose

denominator is 12. Divide the LCD (12) by the
denominator (3),
12 ÷ 3 = 4. The quotient is 4. Multiply the numerator
and denominator by the quotient (4) to get the
equivalent fraction.
2 4 8
 
3 4 12
Replace 2/ with the equivalent fraction 8/ . Therefore, 1
3 12
2
/3 becomes 1 8/12.

31
 STEP 5 Align the whole numbers and align the fractions together in
a column. Add the whole numbers and add the similar
fractions.

2 9/12 + 1 8/12 = ?
9
2 12

8
+ 112
17
3
12

3 17/12 can still be simplified since the fraction part is an

improper fraction.

Whole number
1
Denominator
12 17
12
Numerator 5

Thus, 17/12 is equal to 1 5/ 12.

Therefore,

17 17 5 5
3 12  3   31  4
12 12 12

Mang Pedro used 4 5/12 liters of paint.

32
 Let’s Learn

There are cases when the fraction part of the mixed number is an
improper fraction, then the answer needs to be simplified. Let us review the
concept.

EXAMPLE Simplify 5 8/5 .

The mixed number has a whole number part (5) and

a fraction part (58/ ).

5 8 fraction
5

whole number

STEP 1 Separate the whole number part and the fraction part of
the mixed number.
8
5 
5

STEP 2 Convert the improper fraction 8/5 to a mixed number.

Whole number 1
Denominator 5 8
5
Numerator 3

Thus, 8/5is equal to 1 3/ .5

STEP 3 Since 8/ is equal to 1 3/ , we can replace 8/ with 1 3/ in the
5 5 5 5
equation.

8
5  5 3 3
5 1  6
5 5

5 8/5 when simplified, is equal to 6 3/5.

33
 Alternative Learning System
Post Test: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
SCORE :
Let’s See What You Have Learned

1. Aling Maria bought ¾ kilo of fish, 5/4 kilo of beef and ¼ kilo of
chicken from the market. How much meat did Aling Maria
purchase?

2. A 5 hectare land was divided among the relatives of Lolo Ben.

Among those who got some piece of 8
land were the three brothers
Ricky, Paul, and Eric.8 Ricky got / of the land. Paul got 3/8 of the
1

land while Eric got 2/ of the land. What portion of the 5 hectare
land is owned by the three brothers?

5
3. Mang Rolly was able to buy 2/ liters of paint while Mang Tomas
5
was able to buy 4/ liters of paint. How much more paint did Mang
Tomas buy than Mang Rolly?

13
4. Mario bought ¾ kilogram of corn from the market. He gave ¼ of
a kilogram to his neighbor. How many kg of corn were left?

5. Simplify the equation below. (Hint: find the sum of 5/15 and 7/15 first,
then subtract 3/ 15 from the computed sum).

5 7 3

15 15 –  ?
15

14
 Alternative Learning System
Post Test: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
SCORE :
Let’s See What You Have Learned

1. Aling During’s basket has 2/3 kilo of fish, 5/6 kilo of beef, and ¼
kilo of chicken. How much meat is in the basket? Show the step by
step solution.

2. Mang Lito owns 4/5 hectares of land. If he planted vegetables in

¼ hectares of the land, how much land was left uncultivated?

27
3. Berto painted ½ of the room while Carlos painted 2/ 9of the room and
Willy painted 6 of the room. What part of the room is already
1
/ painted?

4. Solve 3/ 5+ 5/ 6– 2/ . 3

5. Solve 7/8– 2/ 5+ ¾.

6. Solve 1/6 + 7/8 – 5/12.

28
 Alternative Learning System
Pre-Test: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
SCORE :

Let’s See What You Have Learned

1. Mario weighed 43 ¼ kilograms last month. Three months later he

weighed 47 ½ kilograms. How many kilograms did he gain in
those three months?

2. Manong Oscar gathered 16 kilograms of tomatoes. He sold 10 1/ 3

kilograms of the tomatoes. How many kilograms of tomatoes
were left with Manong Oscar?

3. Gabriel bought 3 2/ 3dozen eggs. His sister bought ¾ dozen eggs

while his mother bought 1 ½ dozen eggs. How many dozen eggs
did they buy?

46
4. Mang Pedro harvested 21 kilograms of mangoes. He gave 5 2/3
kilograms to his cousins. How many kilograms of mangoes were
left with Mang Pedro?

5. Mang Juan bought 2 kilos of chicken. He used ¾ kilo for

dinner. How much chicken was left?

47