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Unit V Application Layer Protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP) Study Notes

The document discusses several application layer protocols: 1. SMTP is used to transfer email messages between servers using TCP connections based on email addresses. 2. POP and IMAP are used by email servers to receive and store emails until a user connects to download them. 3. HTTP is the main protocol for accessing data on the world wide web in the form of text, audio, video and more using TCP connections. 4. DNS uses a hierarchical system of name servers to resolve domain names to IP addresses for packet routing.

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Sheba Parimala
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796 views

Unit V Application Layer Protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP) Study Notes

The document discusses several application layer protocols: 1. SMTP is used to transfer email messages between servers using TCP connections based on email addresses. 2. POP and IMAP are used by email servers to receive and store emails until a user connects to download them. 3. HTTP is the main protocol for accessing data on the world wide web in the form of text, audio, video and more using TCP connections. 4. DNS uses a hierarchical system of name servers to resolve domain names to IP addresses for packet routing.

Uploaded by

Sheba Parimala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Network Prepared by, A.

Bathsheba Parimala,
Assistant Professor,Dept.of BCA,
St.John’s College, Palayamkottai

UNIT V

Application Layer Protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP) Study Notes

An application layer protocol defines how application processes (clients and servers),
running on different end systems, pass messages to each other. In particular, an application layer
protocol defines

 The types of messages, e.g., request messages and response messages.


 The syntax of the various message types, i.e., the fields in the message and how the fields
are delineated.
 The semantics of the fields, i.e., the meaning of the information that the field is supposed to
contain

Rules for determining when and how a process sends messages and responds to messages.

1 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):

 One of the most popular network service is electronic mail (e-mail).


 The TCP/IP protocol that supports electronic mail on the Internet is called Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
 SMTP transfers messages from senders' mail servers to the recipients' mail servers using TCP
connections.
 Users based on e-mail addresses.
Computer Network Prepared by, A.Bathsheba Parimala,
Assistant Professor,Dept.of BCA,
St.John’s College, Palayamkottai

 SMTP provides services for mail exchange between users on the same or different
computers.

Following the client/server model:

 SMTP has two sides: a client side which executes on a sender's mail server, and server side
which executes on recipient's mail server.
 Both the client and server sides of SMTP run on every mail server.
 When a mail server sends mail (to other mail servers), it acts as an SMTP client.
 When a mail server receives mail (from other mail servers) it acts as an SMTP server.

TELNET (Terminal Network):

 TELNET is client-server application that allows a user to log onto remote machine and lets
the user to access any application program on a remote computer.
 TELNET uses the NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) system to encode characters on the local
system.
 On the server (remote) machine, NVT decodes the characters to a form acceptable to the
remote machine.

 TELNET is a protocol that provides a general, bi-directional, eight-bit byte oriented


communications facility.
 Many application protocols are built upon the TELNET protocol.
Computer Network Prepared by, A.Bathsheba Parimala,
Assistant Professor,Dept.of BCA,
St.John’s College, Palayamkottai

 Telnet services are used on PORT 23.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol):

 FTP is the standard mechanism provided by TCP/IP for copying a file from one host to
another.
 FTP differs form other client-server applications because it establishes 2 connections
between hosts.
 Two connections are: Data Connection and Control Connection.
 Data Connection uses PORT 20 for the purpose and control connection uses PORT 21 for the
purpose.

 FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections
between the client and the server.
 One connection is used for data transfer, the other for control information (commands and
responses).
 It transfer data reliably and efficiently.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME):
 It is an extension of SMTP that allows the transfer of multimedia messages.
 If binary data is included in a message MIME headers are used to inform the receiving mail
agent:
1. Content-Transfer-Encoding: Header alerts the receiving user agent that the message body
has been ASCII encoded and the type of encoding used.
2. Content-Type: Header informs the receiving mail agent about the type of data included in
the message.
Computer Network Prepared by, A.Bathsheba Parimala,
Assistant Professor,Dept.of BCA,
St.John’s College, Palayamkottai

POP (Post Office Protocol):

 POP is also called as POP3 protocol.


 This is a protocol used by a mail server in conjunction with SMTP to receive and holds mail
for hosts.
 POP3 mail server receives e-mails and filters them into the appropriate user folders. When a
user connects to the mail server to retrieve his mail, the messages are downloaded from
mail server to the user's hard disk.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):

 This is a protocol used mainly to access data on the World Wide Web (www).
 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) the Web's main application-layer protocol although
current browsers can access other types of servers.
 A respository of information spread all over the world and linked together.

 The HTIP protocol transfer data in the form of plain text, hyper text, audio, video and so on.
 HTTP utilizes TCP connections to send client requests and server replies.
 it is a synchronous protocol which works by making both persistent and non persistent
connections.
Computer Network Prepared by, A.Bathsheba Parimala,
Assistant Professor,Dept.of BCA,
St.John’s College, Palayamkottai

Domain Name System (DNS):

 To identify an entity, TCP/IP protocol uses the IP address which uniquely identifies the
connection of a host to the Internet.
 DNS is a hierarchical system, based on a distributed database, that uses a hierarchy of Name
Servers to resolve Internet host names into the corresponding IP addresses required for
packet routing by issuing a DNS query to a name server.

In TCP/IP, this is the domain name system.

 DNS in the Internet: DNS is protocol that can be used in different platforms.

Domain name space is divided into three categories.

 Generic Domain: The generic domain defines registered hosts according, to their generic
behaviour. Each node in the tree defines a domain which is an index to the domain name
space database.
 Country Domain: The country domain section follows the same format as the generic
domain but uses 2 characters country abbreviations (e.g., US for United States) in place of 3
characters.
 Inverse Domain: The inverse domain is used to map an address to a name.

Overview of Services

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