E 3.4 High Voltage - Table of Contents: Last Updated September 2004
E 3.4 High Voltage - Table of Contents: Last Updated September 2004
E 3.4 High Voltage - Table of Contents: Last Updated September 2004
SECTION A – INTRODUCTION
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As a guide only, attention is drawn to changes that have been made in the
following clauses since the last revision
Clause Date
General revision
E.3.4.3 August 2004
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E.3.4.1. Overview
Presently, there are two (2) points of supply, one at the High Street (Main
Switchroom Building 12a) the other at Botany Street (Substation 6 – Building
D26). These are in turn fed from EA’s Randwick and Clovelly zone substations.
Due to limitations of EA’s Randwick zone substation, a second feed was required
from their Clovelly zone substation. This arrangement necessitated the provision
of a Castell keying regime to ensure that the two supplies are separated. The mid
and lower campus rings are fed from Randwick zone substation, whilst the upper
ring is fed from the Clovelly zone substation.
In the event of failure of supply from one of the two zone substations, the entire
campus can be supplied from the other, albeit at a reduced capacity. The
capacity limitations are about 14MVA from Randwick and 8MVA from the
Clovelly zone substations respectively. Obviously, the most critical situation
would be the failure of the Randwick zone substation feeder, as this would
restrict the capacity of supply to the University to only 8MVA, requiring extensive
switching-off of electrical loads. This would severely impact on University
operations.
E.3.4.2. HV Cables
Feeder Cables
The University’s HV cabling system consists entirely of underground cables,
either directly buried or in conduits. Generally, these are three-core 400mm2
PILSWA aluminium cables. For ease of making connection to HV switchgear, at
entry points to substations located within buildings, trifurcated joints are made
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with three single core PILSWA 300mm2 copper cables, that are then run from this
point to the required indoor switchgear.
Transformer Cabling
Transformer feeder cables shall be 95mm2 copper flexible single core HD
screened Siemens Protolon 22kV, or similar.
In the course of laying underground cables the Contractor shall take due care in
their handling to avoid any undue bending and damage. To this end the cable
manufacturer’s recommended laying procedures, minimum bending radii and
constraints, including the use of specialised equipment (e.g. rollers), shall be
followed and strictly adhered to at all times. Note that if bending radii less than
recommended are used, cables could be damaged and fail in services.
Cable Trenches
Before cutting any trenches Contractors shall confer with the Project Officer to
ascertain the precise location and depth of existing services. Generally trenches
shall be run straight, between changes of direction and junctions, with vertical
sides and uniform grades. Trench widths shall be kept to the minimum required,
consistent with the laying and bedding of the cables used, cable pit construction
and its particular configuration.
After laying and bedding of the cables the Project Officer shall be invited to
inspect this work. After approval is obtained from the Project Officer the trenches
shall be immediately backfilled.
Backfilling shall be carried out in layers not greater than 200mm loose thickness
and compacted to the required density and trimmed to the final earth works level.
Backfilling material shall not contain any stones or sharp objects with a diameter
greater than 10mm.
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E.3.4.3. HV Switchgear
All HV switchgear shall utilise vacuum technology as the dielectric and circuit-
interrupting medium.
Where the switchgear in on a ring main system (ie having two incoming feeds)
the main busbar shall be, as far as practical, in multiple two sections couple by a
bus section circuit breaker, to allow maintenance of the switchboard without
major shutdown of the low voltage system. The out going circuits shall, as far as
possible, be distributed evenly and symmetrically between the bus sections.
The switchgear shall be designed for local operation (with provision for remote
operation) and hence shall provide complete safety to the operator by ensuring
full fault containment against all short circuit faults.
Each HV switchboard shall be fitted with a copper earth bar of not less than
105mm2 section, running the whole length of the switchboard, to which shall be
effectively connected all metal parts not intended to be alive
Switchboard Construction
Switchboards shall be of the metal enclosed type with a "dead front" exterior.
The switchboards shall preferably be of the front access type and of compact
design, with minimum floor space requirements.
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The switchboard shall be designed to facilitate future extension at both ends, and
busbars shall have provision for the fitting of fasteners for future extension
without the need for drilling or other work.
Cable Facilities
Cable connection facilities shall be provided and sized for the termination of
power cables as specified in the data sheets. In any event three-core 400mm2
PILSWA aluminium cables shall be able to be connected. The switchgear shall
be suitable for cabling when the switchboard is fully assembled
Cable connection chambers shall be air insulated and shall be suitable for cables
utilising a "Raychem" or similar heat-shrink sleeving stress control-insulating
system.
HV Circuit Breakers
Unless other required, all HV circuit breakers shall comply with, or be provided
with the following features:
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Earth Switch: A manually operated earth switch shall be provided in the outgoing
circuit.
The Contractor shall inspect the site and verify all site dimensions to assure that
the entire equipment assembly offered is of a size that will fit within the proposed
switchroom. If access is restricted, shipping sections of the switchgear are to be
made in sizes to enable easy installation.
The Contractor shall provide for all transport, lifting and off-loading on-site, as
well as all equipment and personnel to move and install the switchgear as
required in-situ.
E.3.4.4. Substations
Cost benefits, life cycle and aesthetic considerations are important issues.
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Substation Access
Adequate provisions shall be made to enable transformers, switchgear and other
equipment to be easily brought into the substation, or removal of same, for
repairs or maintenance. To this end, suitable doors, removable panels and other
features useful in this regard shall be provided.
Ventilation
Adequate ventilation shall be provided to ensure that substation equipment does
not exceed thermal operation design. Wherever possible use shall be made of
natural ventilation. Where this is inappropriate, suitable mechanical ventilation
shall be provided.
Substation Floor
The Contractor shall ensure that floor levels are appropriate for the HV
equipment to be installed and, if necessary, to make such adjustments and
provisions (e.g. use of suitable shims) as are required to achieve this. Check with
manufacturers to obtain specific level requirements for equipment to be provided.
In addition the Contractor shall modify or provide appropriate floor support
structures for any HV switchgear or power transformer.
Electromagnetic Interference
Transformers and current carrying conductors in substations give rise to
magnetic fields. These electromagnetic fields can impact on PC operation as well
as affect some experimental work. For this reason it is essential to locate
substations in areas that will have minimal impact.
Voltage transformers shall be of the types, ratings and ratios required for proper
operation of the protection relays as well as the EMACS digital metering. VTs
shall be in accordance with AS 1243, rated at 50 VA.and an accuracy class of
0.5M.
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Metering CTs
A second set of CT's shall be provided within each circuit breaker unit, for the
purpose of metering, and shall be connected to the digital meters, which are
usually installed elsewhere within the switchroom. The classification of the CTs
shall be 0.5M.
Test blocks with shorting links, GEC type MMLG or similar (subject to approval),
shall be provided in all CT secondary circuits.
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The Alstom KCEG 140 series relays have remote communication capability. To
provide for future remote monitoring of the campus HV protection system, data
cables shall be run from all such meters within a substation HV switchgear
assembly to a clearly labelled terminal strip. This terminal strip shall be easily
accessible from the front of the assembly by means of a hinged door. Data
cables shall be of a type that will not be subject to interference in the in-situ
operational environment.
All new or refurbished substations shall have the protection system tested by
Primary Injection testing techniques.
Discrimination of Protection
All equipment and protection devices to be installed are to be selected and/or
adjusted at the time of commissioning to achieve appropriate discrimination and
grading between the various levels of protection, in accordance with good design
practice. Discrimination and grading shall fully consider upstream and
downstream protection devices as well as the configuration of the campus
reticulation system and the equipment connected thereto.
Statistical Metering
For statistical metering purposes, the following indications shall be provided on
the KCEG140 series relays:
All associated CTs, VTs and such other devices or power supplies required to
ensure these indications are achieved shall be provided.
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All substations that comprise of motorised circuit breakers and protection relays
require a tripping battery and associated charger to operate them
The tripping battery and charger unit shall comprise a self-contained battery
charger, complete with batteries, housed in a lockable sheet metal cabinet
(baked enamel finish). In general, SAFT-Nife units have been installed in
substations.
The unit shall be wall-mounted, incorporating two distinct and separate sections;
a charger section and a battery section. The charger section of the cubicle shall
be dust and vermin proof with the degree of protection: IP52 to AS 1939. The
battery section of the compartment shall be vented.
The input voltage shall be 240V, 50 Hz, single phase and the output shall be 24V
d.c.
The unit shall provide a constant potential d.c. output and shall compensate for
load current and supply voltage fluctuations. The d.c. output stability shall be
within plus or minus 1%.
The battery shall be of the nickel-cadmium type and shall have adequate
ampere-hour capacity to supply the standing load for a minimum period of 3
hours, on loss of a.c. supply. At the end of this three-hour period it shall still be
capable of tripping circuit breakers of the HV switchgear assembly at least 10
consecutive times.
The charger output shall be capable of carrying any standard load of the
switchgear, in addition to charging the battery, and shall be matched to the
recommended charging rate of the battery.
The charger output shall automatically regulate the trickle (float) and fast (boost)
rate, depending on the charged state of the battery
Input circuit-breaker
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The unit shall be provided with a data communication port to enable remote
monitoring, by means of Modbus RTU or BACnet protocols, of the status of the
key unit indicators, listed above.
A common battery fault alarm shall be provided for indicating faults in the battery,
also a voltage free contact shall be provided for remote sensing.
Both visual and audible alarms shall be provided including visual indicator test
switch, mute button to cancel audible alarm and a flashing visual indicator to
show that the audible alarm has been muted. These shall be located on the front
panel.
For the solid-state protection relays to be used, the system output shall be
arranged to ensure that during boost charging the voltage supply to the relays
remains within allowable limits. An acceptable scheme would comprise series
voltage dropping diodes in circuit during boost cycles.
All items on the front panel, as well as relevant internal items, shall be clearly and
suitably labelled.
This section deals with the work associated with substation earthing, including
substation equipment, by the direct bonding of all non-current carrying exposed
metal to the substation earthing grid.
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The earthing system shall be the combined earthing type, as per AS 3000,
incorporating the HV substation and LV switchroom earths. The combined
earthing system shall have a resistance to earth not greater than one (1) ohm
The substation earthing grid shall be designed to ensure the safety of personnel
and equipment. The design and as constructed touch and step potential shall be
within allowable limits for the design fault clearance time.
All substation steel structures shall be bonded to the substation earthing grid. All
steel support structures shall have two earthing tail conductors to the substation
earthing grid. Each tail shall be thermally rated for the relevant fault current and
its duration.
A typed record of such tests and relay settings (3 sets) shall be provided to the
University at Practical Completion or as may otherwise be required.
The Contractor shall allow for and pay the cost of all charges or fees that Energy
Australia may impose or charge for their advice and/or attendance in relation to
this
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Type Tests
Certified type test reports are required to verify:
Ability of the circuit breakers, switches and combination to make, carry and break
their rated currents;
Insulation level of all equipment;
Temperature rise together with millivolt drop or resistance readings of equipment
type tested for temperature rise;
Radio interference voltage tests.
Routine Tests
All equipment shall be subjected to the following routine tests and copies of these
shall be supplied in duplicate:
E.3.4.11. Labelling
The location and content of labels shall be clear, concise, appropriate and
sufficient to enable even operators unfamiliar with the installation to easily
establish the purpose and function of the plant, equipment, control devices and
systems.
All cables shall be clearly identified by appropriate cable codes approved by the
University.
Proposed label details shall be submitted to the University for approval prior to
manufacture.
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Cables shall be identified at each end (also cable type and size) and at
terminations, on both sides of floor and wall openings, where cables enter
conduits or ducts from a trench or cable pit. Unconnected cables shall be
suitably tagged.
Tags on HV cables shall be of approved material, free from sharp corners and
edges and attached to the relevant cables through two holes at each end so that
the tags lie flat and longitudinally along the cables. The tags shall be fixed in
such a manner to enable the labels to be easily read from the direction or point of
access.
All relevant tests shall be carried out to ensure that the HV switchgear and
associated equipment not only perform as specified and required, but also to do
so safely.
For the testing and commissioning aspect of HV projects contractors shall supply
all equipment (e.g. earthing sticks, meters etc.) and personnel to undertake all
relevant tests (including any specialist works e.g. testing and programming of
protection system) at their own cost.
The specified works shall be commissioned in total to ensure that the entire
works operate in the intended manner.
The remote monitoring functionality of the Alstom KCEG 140 series relays shall
be tested by means of a PC connected to the protection relay communication
data terminal strip. The Contractor shall provide all software to enable this testing
to be undertaken and proven.
Immediately upon completion of the works the Contractor shall replace the HV
Diagram and Substation Layout in all Campus substations with an updated
laminated version to reflect and incorporate the new works. The HV Diagram
and Substation Layout shall be in the same colour, size and format as existing.
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The University shall make available to the successful tenderer a copy of the
Campus HV reticulation diagram in Autocad compatible format.
The Contractor shall submit this updated layout in the same format as originally
supplied by the University.
These layouts shall also incorporate the protection relay settings (and CT ratios)
at each affected substation, as revised in accordance with the specified works.
A separate wiring and single line diagram of the protection system as well as
tender drawings (where applicable) shall also be provided, to the Contractor, on
3½ inch HD floppy disk (or CD ROM) in Autocad compatible format. This shall
also be updated by the Contractor to reflect the new works and/or associated
interrelated adjustments.
E.3.4.14. Manuals
Requirements
Before commencement of operational maintenance, provide the specified
number of copies of a site-specific combined operator's manual and technical
manual, consisting of information collated and arranged in a logical order. This
shall be written in clear concise English, containing a title page listing suppliers'
names, addresses and telephone numbers, a table of contents, and the following
data:
Operator's Manual:
Safe working procedures: For switching, isolation and earthing the high voltage
supply and distribution system;
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The time frame for Operational Maintenance & Equipment and Tools shall be
over the anticipated operational life of the equipment.
Technical Manual:
E.3.4.15. Training
The Contractor shall arrange for and make available persons competent in the
operation of the equipment provided in the works and carry out in-depth training
workshops on the various items of equipment, aspects of the equipment
operation, maintenance and associated safety matters.
Training shall be integrated and relate closely to the site-specific Operator’s and
Technical Manual.
It is anticipated that this would entail site-specific off-site (at equipment supplier's
training facility) and 'hands-on' on-site training. Handout notes and provisions
shall be made for ten (10) University staff to attend.
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