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    Eem Ex.5 Lab Manual

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    divya brahma
    This document describes an experiment to measure resistance using a Kelvin double bridge. The Kelvin double bridge is introduced as a precise method to measure low resistances by eliminating errors from contact and lead resistance. The theory section explains how the bridge circuit works, comparing the unknown resistance (X) to a standard resistance (S). The procedure section then outlines the steps to set up the circuit and balance the bridge to determine the ratio of X/S, from which the value of the unknown resistance can be calculated.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Eem Ex.5 Lab Manual

    Uploaded by

    divya brahma
    156 views5 pages
    This document describes an experiment to measure resistance using a Kelvin double bridge. The Kelvin double bridge is introduced as a precise method to measure low resistances by eliminating errors from contact and lead resistance. The theory section explains how the bridge circuit works, comparing the unknown resistance (X) to a standard resistance (S). The procedure section then outlines the steps to set up the circuit and balance the bridge to determine the ratio of X/S, from which the value of the unknown resistance can be calculated.

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    eem ex.5 lab manual

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    This document describes an experiment to measure resistance using a Kelvin double bridge. The Kelvin double bridge is introduced as a precise method to measure low resistances by eliminating errors from contact and lead resistance. The theory section explains how the bridge circuit works, comparing the unknown resistance (X) to a standard resistance (S). The procedure section then outlines the steps to set up the circuit and balance the bridge to determine the ratio of X/S, from which the value of the unknown resistance can be calculated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    156 views5 pages

    Eem Ex.5 Lab Manual

    Uploaded by

    divya brahma
    This document describes an experiment to measure resistance using a Kelvin double bridge. The Kelvin double bridge is introduced as a precise method to measure low resistances by eliminating errors from contact and lead resistance. The theory section explains how the bridge circuit works, comparing the unknown resistance (X) to a standard resistance (S). The procedure section then outlines the steps to set up the circuit and balance the bridge to determine the ratio of X/S, from which the value of the unknown resistance can be calculated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Electrical & Electronic Measurement LAB (EE 492)

    EXPERIMENT NO. EE 492/5

    Name: MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE USING KELVIN DOUBLE BRIDGE.

    Objective: To find out the resistivity of a material by using kelvin double bridge.

    Apparatus:

    Sl. No. Item Quantity Rating Maker


    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    THEORY: The best and the most precise method for the measurement of low resistance is that of the kelvin
    double bridge. It is a modification of the wheat stone bridge by using the error due to contact and lead
    resistance are eliminated.

    Standard resistance of low value are therefore usually of four terminal type and are measured in such a way
    that their point of attachment to the circuit and their lead resistance do not enter in the measurement.

    The circuit diagram of the kelvin double bridge is shown here, where “x” is the unknown resistance under
    the test and “s” is the standard resistance of the same order of resistance. The two resistance “X” and ”S” are
    connected in series with a short link of low resistance value as possible. ’P’ & ‘Q’ and ’p’ &’q’ are four
    known non-inductive resistance, one pair of which (P & Q or p & q) are variable.

    A current preferably the rated current of resistance under test is passed through the two resistance ‘X’ and
    ‘S’ from low voltage high current battery.

    A regulating rheostat and an ammeter are connected in the circuit for convenience. A sensitive galvanometer
    is connected across the driving point of PQ and pq. The ratio P/Q is kept the same as p/q, these ratios being
    varied until the galvanometer read zero. i.e. no deflection of the pointer of the galvanometer.

    Now, at balance condition of the bridge applying KVL we get,

    I1P-I2P-IX = 0 or IX - I1P - I2P = 0 …………………… (1)

    Again, I1Q-I2q-IS=0 or IS = I1Q - I2q ………….(2)


    
    (  )
    
    Now, (1) / (2) we get, X/S = (I1P-I2P)/(I1Q-I2q) =

    (  )

    We know that, P/Q = p/q. therefore, P/p=Q/q, under balance condition. Therefore, X/S=P/Q or X = (P/Q)S.

    Thus, the unknown resistance (we find out unknown copper wire resistance) is determining in terms of the
    standard resistance “S” and the ratio arms P & Q.
    Electrical & Electronic Measurement LAB (EE 492)
    Electrical & Electronic Measurement LAB (EE 492)
    Electrical & Electronic Measurement LAB (EE 492)

    Procedure:

    1. Ensure that the current switch is off.


    2. Connect the DC power supply with the terminal marked current input.
    3. Connect galvanometer to the bridge.
    4. Connect the unknown wire which is under test to the bridge terminal C, C1 and P, P1. Assuring that
    all connections make good contact. This is most important because dirty and insecure connections
    will result in unstable reading inaccuracies.
    5. Set current switch to normal.
    6. Set the range multiplier to “X100”.
    7. Operate galvanometer keys by depressing the initial key intermittently; otherwise depress the final
    key intermittently.
    8. Observe galvanometer deflection and adjust the milliohms decade, the milliohm slide wire to obtain
    a balance (i.e. zero current through galvanometer).
    Electrical & Electronic Measurement LAB (EE 492)

    Calculation: The resistance of unknown copper wire is:

    Conclusion:

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