ECM3166 - Communications Engineering Laboratory Assignment Baseband Pulse Signalling

ECM3166 - Communications Engineering
12/12/2018 Laboratory Assignment Baseband Pulse Signalling
Lui, Siu Laam

[COMPANY NAME]
1. Introduction
In this report,
2. Method
In this experiment, the lab sheet was the main resources to follow the instructions
to complete the lab, and also with the equipment Emona Telecoms-Trainer 101 would
be used to set up a digital baseband pulse communications system, and investigate the
effects of channel-induced distortions and noise on the received and recovered signals.
The 'Emona 101 Telecommunications Trainer User Manual' is provided and
contains useful information on the specifications and operation of each module in the
system.
An analogue oscilloscope was also used for observing the waveforms with a
digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) will in most cases be easier and result in a more
stable display. The Tektronix TDS2012B DSO was provided for the experiment.
The Tektronix TDS2012B DSO (oscilloscope) was connected to the computer for
capturing and recording purposes.
Figure 1: Equipment used in this lab
Figure 1 shows all the equipment with labels which were used in this lab.
3. Experimental Results and Discussion
Part 1- Non-ideal Channels
. What two things are happening to cause the digital signal to change shape as you reduce
the LPF cut-off frequency?
. From your observations of the distortion of the received signal, make a very rough
estimate of what bit rate you think the LPF channel can reasonably sustain.
. Measure the cut-off frequency of the LPF and compare this to your estimate of the
maximum bit rate for the channel. The cut-off frequency of the LPF can be measured by
taking an output from the (fC x 100) terminal - this is a square wave with a frequency 100
times fC.
Part 2 - Eye Patterns
. While watching the eye diagram on the scope, slowly turn the VCO module’s Frequency
Adjust control clockwise to increase the clock frequency and hence the data bit-rate (as
you do this, you may need to change the scope’s Timebase control to see the eye pattern
properly). You should see that the eye begins to close as the bit rate increases. Why is
this?
. Estimate the maximum bit rate for the channel from the eye-diagram. How does this
compare to the measurement made directly from observing the received waveform?
Which estimate do you think is most reliable?
Part 3 - Noise Effects
. What happens to the 'eye-opening' now that we have added some noise? Make an
estimate of the maximum bit rate sustainable by the LPF channel (with fC in the 12 'o'
clock position again) now that you have added noise.
. How does this estimate compare to the value measured without noise, and why are they
different?
Part 4 - Signal Recovery
. Compare the transmitted and recovered signals (i.e. those from the sequence generator
and the comparator output). Are they identical? If not what are the differences?
. Now, slowly turn the Variable DC module’s DC Voltage control clockwise and observe
the effects.
Why do some DC voltages cause the comparator to output the wrong information?
0. Estimate the optimum value of the DC threshold voltage that should be used in the
comparator. How does this compare with what might be expected?
1. Why does the comparator begin to output the wrong information when this control is
turned far enough?
2. Has the noise introduced any errors into your recovered signal?
3. Vary the channel bandwidth and note the effects on your recovered signal.
Part 5 - Line code spectra
4. As a final task you should use this FFT capability to compare and contrast the 4 line
codes available on the Emona 101 system. In other words plot the spectra for the 4 line
codes that are available and comment on them.
5. Make sure you use a reasonable frequency scale on your plots (think about the
frequencies at 1/Tb, 2/Tb etc) - and compare the experimental spectra to what you
would expect from theory (as discussed in lectures).
4. Conclusion

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ECM3166 - Communications Engineering

12/12/2018 Laboratory Assignment Baseband Pulse Signalling

Lui, Siu Laam

Figure 1: Equipment used in this lab

Part 1- Non-ideal Channels

Part 2 - Eye Patterns

Part 3 - Noise Effects

Part 5 - Line code spectra

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