UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

UEME1132/UEME1323 Statics Assignment (30%)

Due date: 1 September 2020 (Tue), 5pm

Course Learning Outcomes: CO4 – Apply principle of statics to calculate the internal shear
force and bending moment as functions of location along an element.

This is a group assignment work; you are required to work in maximum 5 students per group
and minimum 3 students per group. In this assignment, you are required to determine forces
or/moments that act on the given structures and plot free-body, shear force and bending moment
diagram.
You are given two questions (Question 1 & 2). Please answer both questions by including the
following tasks:
1. Using equilibrium i.e. force and moment equilibrium must be satisfied for each component,
determine the forces or/and moments. List all assumptions that are made.
2. Draw the free-body diagrams for the structures.
3. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for each structure.
*Group members’ registration will be made available to students in WBLE.

Instruction for report preparation and submission

You are required to carry out simple research beyond lecture notes and textbooks to find the
needed information for your assignment. You will only need to submit 1 report (Single PDF
file only) for each group.
You are required to use the template of cover page and assessment rubric provided.
Assignment should include calculations and diagrams. Do not use any software to plot the
diagram. A final report in single PDF format of not more than 15 pages (excluding pictures
and diagrams), 1.5 spaced, with Times New Roman, pt. 12, necessary figures, tables or
pictures, is to be submitted by 1 September 2020 (Tue), 5pm to your lecturers via a google
form link posted in WBLE.

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Question 1

A 10 m long beam has 2 supports at point A and B. The beam is pinned at Support A and supported by a
roller at Support B. It is carrying a car at middle of the beam. Draw the free-body diagram (FBD);
construct the shear and bending moment diagram for this system. Discuss the results and explain the
stress of this beam.

Lecture Group L1: Mercedes

Lecture Group L2: BMW
Lecture Group L3: Volvo

Figure 1: A Simply Supported Beam

Question 2

A shaft is supported by a thrust bearing at A and a journal bearing at B. Draw the free body; construct the
shear force and bending moment diagrams for the shaft in terms of the parameters shown;

Lecture Group L1: set w = 500 kN/m, L = 10 m

Lecture Group L2: set w = 800 kN/m, L = 9 m
Lecture Group L3: set w = 1200 kN/m, L = 8 m

Discuss the results and explain the stress of this shaft.

Figure 2: Shaft under Static Loading

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 UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Assignment Details:
Course Code &
UEME1132/UEME1323 Statics
Name
Assignment Title Analysing Beams & Bending Members
Lecturer Dr Koo Chai Hoon
#
Assignment
Group No.
Date of
Submission
# Follow Assignment Group No. based on the finalised group registration sheet posted by
lecturer in WBLE in Week 4

Group Members:
No Student Name Student Lecture Programme
ID Group

1
2
3
4
5
*Penalty will be imposed on report submitted without sufficient and clear information.

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THIS MARKING RUBRIC MUST BE INCLUDED INTO YOUR REPORT!

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 Scoring Rubric for Assignment Report

Overall report
Excellent: Level 5 – 5 points Report uniquely organized with cover page, marking rubric, figure
explanations, written in clear & concise English. Complete aim(s),
procedures, material list including deviations from provided document and
references.
Good: Level 4 – 4 points Well-presented as matching the tasks required in the presentation. A very
few grammar, spelling & punctuation mistakes. Aims well stated.
Procedures well stated with important steps.
Average: Level 3 – 3 points Well-presented but some small deficiencies in the presentation. Few
grammar, spelling & punctuation mistakes. Decent aims stated. Procedure
well stated but limited to obvious steps.
Marginal: Level 2 – 2 points Poor layout of report, some errors in spelling and grammar.

Poor: Level 1 – 1 points Untidy and careless presentation.

Quality of calculations
Excellent: Level 5 – 5 points All calculations are preformed correctly and accurately with proper labels
and correct significant figures/diagrams are provided.
Good: Level 4 – 4 points A very few calculation errors with appropriate labeled in significant
figures/diagrams.
Average: Level 3 – 3 points Few calculations errors with minor flaws in significant figures/diagrams.

Marginal: Level 2 – 2 points Some obvious calculations errors with major flaws in significant
figures/diagrams.
Poor: Level 1 – 1 points Careless mistakes, many errors, some required calculations and significant
figures/diagrams are missing.

Discussion/Conclusion
Excellent: Level 5 – 5 points Detailed explanations to the results obtained. Clear justifications given to the
results.
Short & precise conclusions made.
Good: Level 4 – 4 points Explanations provided to the results obtained. Sufficient justifications
provided. Relevant conclusions made.
Average: Level 3 – 3 points Explanations provided to the results obtained. No justifications provided.
Relevant but lengthy conclusions made.
Marginal: Level 2 – 2 points Some explanations provided to the results obtained.
Some of the conclusions are inappropriate.
Poor: Level 1 – 1 points No explanations provided to the results obtained.
Conclusions are unrelated to assignment.

Group Assignment Statics

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Aim:
1. To determine the force and moment available by using force equilibrium and moment
equilibrium.
2. To master the techniques to convert the system into free body diagram , shear force diagram and
bending moment diagram .
3. To analyze the force and moment acted on the beam using free body diagram , shear force
diagram and bending moment diagram.

Introduction:

Shear force is the force in the beam acting transverse to its longitudinal axis which cause the
beam to shear across a section of the beam .The sign of shear force indicates the direction of shear force.
A positive shear force tend to shear the left portion of the beam upward relative to the right portion
while a negative shear force tend to shear the left portion of the beam downward relative to the right
portion.
Below is the diagram for positive and negative shear force :

Source from:(Relationship Between Load, Shear, and Moment | MATHalino, no date)

Shear strength is a material property that describes the internal resistance against shear load . It is
one of the important information for the engineer to refer in the process of designing the dimensions
.Shear strength also vital in the process of choosing the most suitable material to be used.

Bending moment is an important measure in the analysis of force applied. Bending moment
indicates the bending effect that can be caused when an external force or moment acted on the beam.
Bending moment is a vector property .A force that tends to cause the beam sag will produce positive

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bending moment and a force that tends to cause the beam hog produce negative bending moment.

Source from:(Relationship Between Load, Shear, and Moment | MATHalino, no date)

Load and support will cause force and moment acted on the beam. In this experiment, there are
concentrated load and distributed load. Different type of load will create different effect on the shear
force and bending moment. Free Body Diagram, Shear Force Diagram and Bending Moment diagram
are useful tools for engineer in analyzing the force and moment applied on the structure .There are
relationship between load , shear force and bending moment . Below are the relationship between load ,
shear force and bending moment :

dM
=V
dx
M=bending moment ; x=distance ; V=shear force
According the equation above , the rate of change of bending moment with respect x is equal to
the shear force . Besides , shear force at a point is also equal to the gradient of that point in bending
moment.

dV
=load
dx
V=Shear force ; x=distance
The equation above stated that the load is equal to the rate of change of shear force with respect
x .Next, the gradient of shear force diagram at a point is equal to the load at the point .

Equipment and Material List:

Item Description Quantity
Car (Mercedes Benz E-Class AMG) 1
Weight(500 kN/m x 10 m) 1
Beam 2
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 Thrust bearing 1
Journal bearing 1
10m measuring tape 1
Pin support 1
Roller support 1

Question 1

Procedure:

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 1. Set up the 2 edge supports on the beam at a distance of 10m from support A (pin) to support B
(roller).
2. Set the mass of Mercedes is 1840kg (18032N).
3. Place the weight Mercedes in the centre of the beam (5m from the support).
4. Assign external force (weight of Mercedes and support reaction) and internal force (shear force
and bending moment) for drawing the free body diagram and get value of shear force and
bending moment by equation of equilibrium.

18032N

Ax
By
A
Ay
5m 5m

+ ¿ ∑ Fx=0 ¿ , Ax =0
→

+↑ ∑ Fy=0, Ay +By= 18032N

Assume anti-clockwise is positive and start from point A, ∑ M =0,
(10m)By-18032N(5m)= 0
By= 9016N

Ay +By= 18032N
Ay +9016N= 18032N
Ay= 9016N

Assume 0 ≤ x<5,

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 M
Ax V

A C Nc
Ay
x

+ ¿ ∑ Fx=0 ¿ , Ax +Nc= 0
→

Nc= 0
+↑ ∑ Fy=0, Ay -V= 0
9016N-V= 0
V=9016N
Assume anti-clockwise is positive and start from point C, ∑ M =0,
M-Ay(x)=0
M=9016x Nm

Assume 5 m< x ≤ 10 m,

18032N
5m x-5m

M
Ax V

A B NB
Ay
x

+ ¿ ∑ Fx=0 ¿ , Ax +NB= 0
→

NB= 0
+↑ ∑ Fy=0, Ay –V-18032= 0
9016N-V-18032= 0

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 V= -9016N
Assume anti-clockwise is positive and start from point B, ∑ M =0,
M-Ay(x)+18032(x-5) = 0
M-9016x+18032(x-5) = 0
M = (90160-9016x) Nm

0 m ≤ x <5 m,
x(m) 0 1 2 3 4 5
V(N) 9016 9016 9016 9016 9016 9016
M(Nm) 0 9016 18032 27048 36064 45080

Assume 5 m< x ≤ 10 m,
x(m) 5 6 7 8 9 10
V(N) -9016 -9016 -9016 -9016 -9016 -9016
M(Nm) 45080 36064 27048 18032 9016 0

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 18032N

Ax
By
A
Ay
5m 5m

Shear Force diagram

V(kN)
9.016

x(m)
5 10
-9.016

Bending Moment diagram

M(kNm)

45.08

x(m)

5 10
 
 

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 18032N

Ax
By
A
Ay
5m 5m

If breakage at 5m from support A

+ ¿ ∑ Fx=0 ¿ , Ax =0
→

+↑ ∑ Fy=0, Ay +By= 18032N

Assume anti-clockwise is positive and start from point A, ∑ M =0,
(10m)By-18032N(5m)= 0
By= 9016N
Ay +By= 18032N
Ay +9016N= 18032N
Ay= 9016N

M
Ax V

A C Nc
Ay
5m

+ ¿ ∑ Fx=0 ¿ , Ax +Nc= 0
→

Nc= 0
+↑ ∑ Fy=0, Ay -V= 0
9016N-V= 0
V=9016N
Assume anti-clockwise is positive and start from point C, ∑ M =0,
M-Ay(5m)=0
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M=45080 Nm
Question 2

Procedure
1) The 2 edge supports, thrust bearing at A and a journal bearing at B are set on the
base of the shaft at the distance of 10m from the edge to edge.
2) The static load is set to be 500kNm and be distributed along the shaft. Total
distributed weight of the shaft is located 5m away from point A.
3) External force (weight of the static load and support reaction) is being assigned for
calculating the support reaction at point A and B by using equation of equilibrium.
4) Internal force (shear force and bending moment) is assigned and calculated by
using equation of equilibrium.
5) Shear force and bending moment diagram are being drawn out based on the
calculation.

   Fy  0

Ay +By=(500)(10)kN
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Ay+By=5000kN----------(1)

Taking moment at point B

 M  0 ,assume moment in anticlockwise direction is positive

-Ay(10)+(500)(10)(5)=0
Ay=2500kN

Sub into equation(1) ,

2500 +By =5000
By=2500kN

Ay=2500kN , By =2500kN

For calculating shear force

Let 0≤L≤10
   Fy  0

Ay-WoL(L/2)-v=0
2500k-500kL-v=0
v= -500kL+2500k
Assume that L=10(m) ,
V=-2500kN

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For calculating bending moment
Let 0≤L≤10

 M  0 ,assume moment in anticlockwise direction is positive

-Ay(L) +Wo(L)(L/2)+M=0
-2500k(L)+(250kL^2)+M=0
M= -250k(L^2)+2500k(L)

Assume that L=10(m),

M= -250k(10^2)+2500k(5)
=0Nm

Graph for shear force

Graph for bending moment

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Discussion
Shear force and bending moment are the two very important factors to study when constructing any
structural component. They are also resultants which are used to conveniently represent the internal
forces that develop within a beam when external loads are acting on it. Furthermore, the way of beam
loaded and the support of beam will also affect the internal force on the beam.
Shearing forces are unaligned forces pushing one part of a body in one direction, and another part the
body in the opposite direction. It can also define as shear force is tangent to the cross section. However,
bending moment exists in a structural element when a moment is applied to the element so that the
element bends. The unit for shear force is N, and for bending moment is Nm.

Question 1
This experiment is conducted on a beam with two different type of support in two ends, which is pinned
on Support A and roller on Support B. A car with 1840kg of mass is placed at the middle of beam with
10m. The assumption of anti-clockwise direction is positive is made.

For this case, the load of 18032N is acting on the centre of the 10m beam. Load acting on the beam
vertically downward. There will also be three forces acting on the beam, which is the force toward right
and toward up on the left end (Support A) due to it is a pinned support, and on vertically upward force
on the right end (Support B) due to roller support. From the result obtained, shear force is 9016N and
bending moment is 45080N when load is 5m away from support.

For further information, different values of beam length (x) are calculated to study the relationship of

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beam length with shear force and bending moment. From the table and graph in calculation 1, we can
conclude that bending moment is maximum, which is 45.08kNm when the distance from support to load
is 5m which is same with the load placed. However, only the sign of shear force is changed when the
length of beam increased. The shear force when x less than 5 is 9.016kN, which is downward force and
when x more than 5, the shear force become -9.016kN, which is upward force. Therefore, we can
conclude that shear force is start to changing direction when across x=5.

There are also some important factors which will affect the result of this experiment which is the
position of load. The load is compulsory to place on the exact middle or on the marked lines to reduce
the difference between theoretical result and experimental result. Other than that, the if the system is not
equilibrium, wrong assumption and result will produce in this experiment. Therefore, need to make sure
the system is equilibrium before start the experiment.

Question 2
In part 2, the experiment is conducted on the shaft which is supported by thrust bearing at Support A and
journal bearing at Support B. Specific load on the shaft is 500kN/m and the length is 10m.

The load of the shaft is acting vertically downward to the shaft. Due to the reason of the shaft is in
equilibrium state, two vertically upward force, which is Ay and By are being consider in this
experiment. Therefore, there are three force acting on shaft and study in this experiment. The result
obtained in this experiment is -2500kN for shear force and 0Nm for bending moment when L=10m.

Other than that, from the graph of bending moment in Calculation 2, we can conclude that the bending
moment reach maximum value when L = 5m, which is 6250kNm. However, the shear force is 0 when
L=5m, which is the middle of the shaft. The value is rising up with different sign before and after L=5.
Therefore, we can conclude that shear force is become weaker when closer to L=5m, and the direction is
start changing when L =5m.

To obtain a better result, the balance of horizontally align of the beam need to take note before start the
experiment. This is due the extra angle of the shaft might affect the pull of gravity. Other than that, a
slight moving, vibrating or oscillating of the load while recording the shear force also will affect the

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results.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the shear force and bending moment for question 1 is 9016N and 45080Nm when load is
5m away from support. The maximum bending moment and 0N of shear force. For question 2, the shear
force is -2500kN and bending moment is 0Nm when L=10m.

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Reference

Bending moment - Designing Buildings Wiki (no date). Available at:

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Bending_moment (Accessed: 20 August 2020).
Relationship Between Load, Shear, and Moment | MATHalino (no date). Available at:
https://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/mechanics-and-strength-of-materials/relation-between-load-shear-
and-moment (Accessed: 20 August 2020).
Shear Force and Bending Moment (no date). Available at:
http://people.virginia.edu/~pjm8f/engr162/beam/shear_force_and_bending_moment.htm (Accessed: 21
August 2020).
What is Shear Strength? - Matmatch (no date). Available at: https://matmatch.com/learn/property/shear-
strength (Accessed: 20 August 2020).

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