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Lab Report 5 CHM138

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment to determine the molarity and concentration of sulfuric acid using titration with a standard sodium hydroxide solution. The student followed the procedure of titrating 20 mL of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide until the phenolphthalein indicator changed color, recording the volumes used. Calculations determined the molarity of sulfuric acid to be 0.1 M and the concentration to be 9.8 g/L. The titration was repeated three times and average volumes were used in calculations. Precautions were taken to ensure accurate results.

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Muhd Mirza Hizami
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6K views

Lab Report 5 CHM138

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment to determine the molarity and concentration of sulfuric acid using titration with a standard sodium hydroxide solution. The student followed the procedure of titrating 20 mL of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide until the phenolphthalein indicator changed color, recording the volumes used. Calculations determined the molarity of sulfuric acid to be 0.1 M and the concentration to be 9.8 g/L. The titration was repeated three times and average volumes were used in calculations. Precautions were taken to ensure accurate results.

Uploaded by

Muhd Mirza Hizami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY REPORT

CHM 138
(BASIC CHEMISTRY)

NAME : Muhammad Mirza Hizami Bin Rajiei


STUDENT NO. : 2019289394
NAME OF PARTNERS : i) Jeremiah Baien
ii) Nightangel Jana
iii) Clement Soon
PROGRAMME : AS115
GROUP : 1A
NUMBER AND TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : EXPERIMENT 5 INTRODUCTION

TO TITRATION-DETERMINATION OF THE MOLARITY AND


CONCENTRATION OF SULPHURIC ACID BY TITRATION WITH A
STANDARD SOLUTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE

DATE OF EXPERIMENT :
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION :
Laboratory Report Marking Scheme
NAME OF LECTURER : Norhasnan Bin Sahari
Full Marks (to be filled by
Mark(s lecturer)
)
Objective of the Experiment
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Results and Observations
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion
Answers to Questions
References
Format
Total Marks
OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the molarity and concentration of sulphuric acid using
titration technique.

INTRODUCTION
Quantitative studies of acid-base neutralization reactions are most
conveniently carried out using a technique known as titration. In titration, a
solution of accurately known concentration, called a standard solution, is added
gradually to another solution of unknown concentration, until the chemical
reaction between the two solutions is complete. To determine the concentration
of a particular solute in a solution, chemists often carry out titration, which
involves combining a sample of the solution with a reagent solution of known
concentration called a standard solution. If the volumes of the standard and
unknown solutions used in the titration, along with the concentration of the
standard solution, the calculate concentration of the unknown solution.
Titrations can be conducted using acid-base, precipitation or oxidation-
reduction reactions.
Sodium hydroxide is one of the bases commonly used in the laboratory.
However, it is difficult to obtain solid sodium hydroxide in a pure form because
it has a tendency to absorb water from air, and its solution reacts with carbon
dioxide.
In an acid-base titration one of the solutions is an acid and the other a
base. One is placed in a flask. The other is placed in a burette, from which it is
dripped into the flask until the titration reaches its end point. A suitable
indicator needs to be chosen such that the end point shows accurately that all of
the solution in the flask has reacted with the solution being dripped into it the
point at which this happens is called the equivalence point. In a perfect titration
the end point and equivalence point will be identical. If the indicator is not
chosen well, the end and equivalence points will differ, and the titration will not
produce accurate data about the solution of interest.

PROCEDURE
1. The burette was washed with distilled water and then rinsed with
about 5-10 mL of NaOH solution, running the second rinsing through
the burette tip. The burette was clamped to the retort stand.
2. The burette was filled with the NaOH solution. Make sure the tip was
completely filled and contain no air bubbles. The initial reading was
recorded to two decimal places.
3. 20 mL H2SO4 was transferred to a clean 250 mL conical flask. 2 or 3
drops of phenolphthalein indicator. The conical flask was placed on a
piece of white tile under the burette and lower the burette tip to the
conical flask.
4. The titration apparatus was set up. The H2SO4 solution by adding
NaOH solution until the end point was reached. The conical flask was
kept swirled during titration. The end was indicated when the entire
solution retain a faint pink colour for at least 30 seconds. The final
burette reading was recorded.
5. The titration process was repeat until consecutive titrations.
6. The reading from all titrations was recorded in the space provided on
the datasheet.
7. When finished with the titration, the burette was empty and rinsed it at
least twice with tap water and once with distilled water.

RESULTS
DATA

Number of Titration Titration Titration


titration 1 2 3
Final burette 19.2 39.7 60.2
reading (mL)
Initial burette 0.0 19.2 39.7
reading (mL)
Volume of 19.2 20.5 20.5
NaOH used
(mL)

Molarity of standard NaOH solution (Mb) = 0.2 M

Volume of H2SO4 solution (Va) = 20 mL

Average volume of NaOH used (Vb) = 20 mL


19.2+20.5+20.5
= 20 mL
3
Calculations:
1. Determine the unknown molarity of the H2SO4 (Ma) solution.

2 NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2 H2


Ma = ? Mb = 0.2 M
Va = 20 mL Vb = 20 mL

Ma (20) = 1
0.2 (20) 2
40 Ma = 4
Ma = 0.1 M

2. Determine the unknown concentration in g/L of H2SO4 solution

Concentration (g/L)= Molarity × Molar mass

Molar mass H2SO4 = 2(1)+32+4(16)


= 98 g/mole

Concentration = 0.1 × 98
= 9.8 g/L

DISCUSSION :
In the titration by using H2S04 as the acid solution and NaOH as the base
solution. . For this experiment is the neutralization of sulfuric acid with sodium
hydroxide. The titration was repeated three times. The initial burette reading was
remaining same but the final burette reading and the volume of sodium hydroxide
is increases. This result was obtained because there are some errors when
handling the burette.
The equation of the reaction is:

2 NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2 H2

The molarity of NaOH solution is 0.2M and the volume of sulphuric acid
used was 20 mL. The average volume of NaOH used was calculated by adding
the volume of NaOH in titration 1,2 and 3. Then, it was divided by 3.
There are many precautions when do acid-base titration experiment. For
example, in acid-base titration 3 aliquots of unknown concentration which is if
take three reading, only take at 2 and three reading to calculate the average
because at first reading its act as try and error. The different between
equivalence point and an end point must do.
Phenolphthalein is an indicator for acid-base titration that will show pink
colour for basic solution and colourless for acid solution. By adding
phenolphthalein to an acids, the solution will be colourless. Then, add standard
base from burette until the solution barely turns from colourless to pink. This
colour change indicates that the acid has been neutralized. The solution
therefore becomes base, and the dye turns pink. Care must be taken choose
indicators whose end points correspond to the equivalence point of the titration.

Some precaution during do this experiment. First, each apparatus must


be rinse with the distilled water. Measure the volume of the solution properly
especially during make dilution solution. Make sure the solution from the
burette flow very slowly to avoid some mistake during take the reading. Make
sure there are no air bubble in the burette by open the stopcock for a while and
let the solution flow a little bit.

CONCLUSION:
As a conclusion, to determine the unknown molarity and unknown
concentration of sulphuric acid, the titration process can be used with the
correct technique in titration. If not use the correct technique, there must have
some error in the result.

QUESTIONS

1. Why phenolphthalein is used in this experiment?


It is a chemical used to indicate a change in pH during a titration. It turns
colourless in an acidic solution, and it turns pink in a basic solution

2. NaOH is a hygroscopic compound and all NaOH solutions must be


standardized before it can be used for analysis. Using references,
explain the given terms:
a. Hygroscopic
Hygroscopic substances absorb moisture from the atmosphere but do
not change their state.
b. Standardization
Standardization is a process in which the value of a potential standard
is fixed by a measurement made with respect to a standard whose
value is known.
REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_titration#Equipment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolphthalein
https://leestreet.wordpress.com/2014/03/05/chemical-storage-hygroscopic-
deliquescent-and-efflorescent-substances/

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