WHO Model List of Essential Medicines For Children: 2nd List (Updated) March 2010

WHO Model List of Essential
Medicines for Children

2nd List (updated)
March 2010

Status of this document
This is a reprint of the text on the WHO Medicines
web site
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html

The published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The
responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World
Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
Explanatory Notes
This Model List is intended for use for children up to 12 years of age.

The core list presents a list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system, listing the most
efficacious, safe and cost‐effective medicines for priority conditions. Priority conditions are selected on
the basis of current and estimated future public health relevance, and potential for safe and cost‐
effective treatment.

The complementary list presents essential medicines for priority diseases, for which specialized
diagnostic or monitoring facilities, and/or specialist medical care, and/or specialist training are needed.
In case of doubt medicines may also be listed as complementary on the basis of consistent higher costs
or less attractive cost‐effectiveness in a variety of settings.

The square box symbol () is primarily intended to indicate similar clinical performance within a
pharmacological class. The listed medicine should be the example of the class for which there is the
best evidence for effectiveness and safety. In some cases, this may be the first medicine that is licensed
for marketing; in other instances, subsequently licensed compounds may be safer or more effective.
Where there is no difference in terms of efficacy and safety data, the listed medicine should be the one
that is generally available at the lowest price, based on international drug price information sources.

Therapeutic equivalence is only indicated on the basis of reviews of efficacy and safety and when
consistent with WHO clinical guidelines. National lists should not use a similar symbol and should be
specific in their final selection, which would depend on local availability and price.

The format and numbering of the 16th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines have been retained but,
as indicated in the text, some sections have been deleted because they contain medicines that are not
relevant for children.

a indicates that there is an age or weight restriction on use of the medicines; the details for each
medicine are in Table 1.

In the List of Essential Medicines for Children, an additional symbol is used:

R indicates that the Subcommittee has endorsed the medicine as essential but has requested a review
of the efficacy and safety to confirm this decision, or to expand use to additional age groups.

The presence of an entry on the Essential Medicines List carries no assurance as to pharmaceutical
quality. It is the responsibility of the relevant national or regional drug regulatory authority to ensure
that each product is of appropriate pharmaceutical quality (including stability) and that when relevant,
different products are interchangeable.

For recommendations and advice concerning all aspects of the quality assurance of medicines see the
WHO Medicines web site http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html

Medicines and dosage forms are listed in alphabetical order within each section and there is no
implication of preference for one form over another. Standard treatment guidelines should be
consulted for information on appropriate dosage forms.

2nd WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (March 2010 update) page 1

The main terms used for dosage forms in the Essential Medicines List can be found in Annex 1.
Definitions of many of these terms and pharmaceutical quality requirements applicable to the
different categories are published in the current edition of The International Pharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.


1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
Inhalation.
halothane R
R Review for alternative inhalational agents.
ketamine Injection: 50 mg (as hydrochloride)/ml in 10‐ml vial.
nitrous oxide Inhalation.
oxygen Inhalation (medicinal gas).
thiopental Powder for injection: 0.5 g; 1 g (sodium salt) in ampoule.
1.2 Local anaesthetics
Injection: 0.25%; 0.5% (hydrochloride) in vial.
bupivacaine Injection for spinal anaesthesia: 0.5% (hydrochloride) in
4‐ml ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution.
Injection: 1%; 2% (hydrochloride) in vial.
Injection for spinal anaesthesia: 5% (hydrochloride) in
lidocaine
2‐ml ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution.
Topical forms: 2% to 4% (hydrochloride).
lidocaine + epinephrine Dental cartridge: 2% (hydrochloride) + epinephrine 1:80 000.
(adrenaline) Injection: 1%; 2% (hydrochloride) + epinephrine 1:200 000 in vial.
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures R
R Review of appropriate preoperative medication and sedation in children.
atropine Injection: 1 mg (sulfate) in 1‐ml ampoule.
Injection: 5 mg/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
diazepam
Tablet: 5 mg.
morphine Injection: 10 mg (sulfate or hydrochloride) in 1‐ml ampoule.
2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-

INFLAMMATORY MEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT
GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS
(DMARDs)
2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
Tablet: 200 mg; 400 mg.
ibuprofen a R a >3 months.
R Use in children, focusing on comparative analgesic and antipyretic

efficacy and safety.
Oral liquid: 125 mg/5 ml.
Suppository: 100 mg.
paracetamol*
Tablet: 100 mg to 500 mg.

* Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of
proven benefit to that effect.

Complementary List
Suppository: 50 mg to 150 mg.
acetylsalicylic acid* Tablet: 100 mg to 500 mg.
* For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease.
2.2 Opioid analgesics
codeine Tablet: 15 mg (phosphate).
Injection: 10 mg (morphine hydrochloride or morphine sulfate)
in 1‐ml ampoule.
Oral liquid: 10 mg (morphine hydrochloride or morphine
morphine sulfate)/5 ml.
Tablet: 10 mg (morphine sulfate).
Tablet (prolonged release): 10 mg; 30 mg; 60 mg (morphine
sulfate).
2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)R
R The Subcommittee noted that there is a need for medicines for the treatment of juvenile arthritis but did
not endorse any of the currently listed medicines at this time, requesting a review of this section.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

Injection: 10 mg (hydrogen maleate) in 1‐ml ampoule.
chlorphenamine a R Tablet: 4 mg (hydrogen maleate).

a >1 year.
R Review of diphenhydramine to assess comparative efficacy and

safety with chlorphenamine as a possible preferable alternative.
Injection: 4 mg dexamethasone phosphate (as disodium salt) in
dexamethasone
1‐ml ampoule.
Injection: 1 mg (as hydrochloride or hydrogen tartrate) in
epinephrine (adrenaline)
1‐ml ampoule.
hydrocortisone Powder for injection: 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial.
Oral liquid: 5 mg/ml.
prednisolone
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific
charcoal, activated Powder.
4.2 Specific
acetylcysteine
Oral liquid: 10% and 20%.
atropine Injection: 1 mg (sulfate) in 1‐ml ampoule.
calcium gluconate Injection: 100 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.

Powder for injection: 500 mg (mesilate) in vial.
deferoxamine R
R Review use of oral iron and lead chelators in children.
dimercaprol Injection in oil: 50 mg/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
naloxone Injection: 400 micrograms (hydrochloride) in 1‐ml ampoule.
Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg.
penicillamine R
R Comparative effectiveness and safety versus sodium calcium
edetate.
sodium calcium edetate R
R Comparative effectiveness and safety versus penicillamine.
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
carbamazepine Tablet (chewable): 100 mg; 200 mg.
Tablet (scored): 100 mg; 200 mg.
diazepam Gel or rectal solution: 5 mg/ml in 0.5 ml; 2‐ml and 4‐ml tubes.
Parenteral formulation: 2 mg/ml in 1‐ml ampoule; 4 mg/ml in
lorazepam
1‐ml ampoule.
Injection: 200 mg/ml (phenobarbital sodium).
phenobarbital Oral liquid: 15 mg/5 ml (phenobarbital).
Tablet: 15 mg to 100 mg (phenobarbital).
Capsule: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg (sodium salt).
Injection: 50 mg/ml in 5‐ml vial (sodium salt).
Oral liquid: 25 mg to 30 mg/5 ml.*
phenytoin Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg (sodium salt).
Tablet (chewable): 50 mg.
* The presence of both 25 mg/5 ml and 30 mg/5 ml strengths on
the same market would cause confusion in prescribing and
dispensing and should be avoided.
valproic acid (sodium valproate) Tablet (crushable): 100 mg.
Tablet (enteric‐coated): 200 mg; 500 mg (sodium valproate).
Complementary List
Capsule: 250 mg.
ethosuximide
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics R
R Review evidence of efficacy and safety of use of anthelminth/antifilarial/antischistosomal and antitrematode
medicines in children below the specified age in current licences.
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics R
albendazole Tablet (chewable): 400 mg.

levamisole Tablet: 50 mg; 150 mg (as hydrochloride).
mebendazole Tablet (chewable): 100 mg; 500 mg.
Tablet (chewable): 500 mg.
niclosamide*
* Niclosamide is listed for use when praziquantel treatment fails.
praziquantel Tablet: 150 mg; 600 mg.
Oral liquid: 50 mg (as embonate)/ml.
pyrantel
Tablet (chewable): 250 mg (as embonate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials R
ivermectin Tablet (scored): 3 mg; 6 mg.
Complementary List
diethylcarbamazine Tablet: 50 mg; 100 mg (dihydrogen citrate).
6.1.3 Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines R
praziquantel Tablet: 600 mg.
triclabendazole Tablet: 250 mg.
Complementary List
Capsule: 250 mg.
oxamniquine* Oral liquid: 250 mg/5 ml.
* Oxamniquine is listed for use when praziquantel treatment fails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines
Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg (anhydrous)/5 ml; 250 mg
amoxicillin (anhydrous)/5 ml.
Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg; 500 mg (anhydrous).
Oral liquid: 125 mg amoxicillin + 31.25 mg clavulanic acid/5 ml
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid AND 250 mg amoxicillin + 62.5 mg clavulanic acid/5 ml.
Tablet: 500 mg + 125 mg.
ampicillin Powder for injection: 500 mg; 1 g (as sodium salt) in vial.
Powder for injection: 900 mg benzylpenicillin (=1.2 million IU)
benzathine benzylpenicillin
in 5‐ml vial; 1.44 g benzylpenicillin (=2.4 million IU) in 5‐ml vial.
Powder for injection: 600 mg (= 1 million IU); 3 g (= 5 million IU)
benzylpenicillin
(sodium or potassium salt) in vial.
Powder for reconstitution with water: 125 mg/5 ml;
cefalexin 250 mg/5 ml.
Powder for injection: 1 g (as sodium salt) in vial.
cefazolin* a * For surgical prophylaxis.
a >1 month.


Powder for injection: 250 mg; 1 g (as sodium salt) in vial.
* Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with
ceftriaxone* a
hyperbilirubinemia.
a >41 weeks corrected gestational age.
Capsule: 500 mg; 1 g (as sodium salt).
cloxacillin Powder for injection: 500 mg (as sodium salt) in vial.
Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg (as sodium salt)/5 ml.
Powder for oral liquid: 250 mg (as potassium salt)/5 ml.
phenoxymethylpenicillin
Tablet: 250 mg (as potassium salt).
Powder for injection: 1 g (=1 million IU); 3 g (=3 million IU) in
vial.
procaine benzylpenicillin* * Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first‐line
treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high
neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in
cases where hospital care is not achievable.
Complementary List
Powder for injection: 250 mg per vial.
cefotaxime* * 3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized
neonates.
ceftazidime Powder for injection: 250 mg or 1 g (as pentahydrate) in vial.
Powder for injection: 250 mg (as monohydrate) + 250 mg (as sodium
salt); 500 mg (as monohydrate) + 500 mg (as sodium salt) in vial.
imipenem* + cilastatin* * Only listed for the treatment of life‐threatening hospital‐based
infection due to suspected or proven multidrug‐resistant infection.
Meropenem is indicated for the treatment of meningitis and is licensed
for use in children over the age of 3 months.
6.2.2 Other antibacterials
Capsule: 250 mg; 500 mg.
azithromycin* Oral liquid: 200 mg/5 ml.
* Only listed for trachoma.
Capsule: 250 mg.
Oily suspension for injection*: 0.5 g (as sodium succinate)/ml in
2‐ml ampoule.
chloramphenicol * Only for the presumptive treatment of epidemic meningitis in
children older than 2 years.
Oral liquid: 150 mg (as palmitate)/5 ml.
Powder for injection: 1 g (sodium succinate) in vial.
ciprofloxacin R Solution for IV infusion: 2 mg/ml.
Tablet: 250 mg (as hydrochloride).

Oral liquid: 25 mg/5 ml; 50 mg/5 ml.
doxycycline a Solid oral dosage form: 50 mg; 100 mg (hydrochloride).
a Use in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no
alternative exists.
Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg/5 ml (as stearate or ethyl
erythromycin succinate).
Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg (as stearate or ethyl succinate).
gentamicin Injection: 10 mg; 40 mg (as sulfate)/ml in 2‐ml vial.
Injection: 500 mg in 100‐ml vial.
metronidazole Oral liquid: 200 mg (as benzoate)/5 ml.
nitrofurantoin
Tablet: 100 mg.
Injection:
80 mg + 16 mg/ml in 5‐ml ampoule;
sulfamethoxazole + 80 mg + 16 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.
trimethoprim
Oral liquid: 200 mg + 40 mg/5 ml.
Tablet: 100 mg + 20 mg; 400 mg + 80 mg.
trimethoprim a Tablet: 100 mg; 200 mg.
a >6 months.
Complementary List
Capsule: 150 mg.
clindamycin Injection: 150 mg (as phosphate)/ml.
vancomycin Powder for injection: 250 mg (as hydrochloride) in vial.
6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines
Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should never be used except in combination.
Combination therapy is essential to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Colour coded blister
packs (MDT blister packs) containing standard two medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three
medicine (multibacillary leprosy) combinations for adult and childhood leprosy should be used.
MDT blister packs can be supplied free of charge through WHO.
clofazimine Capsule: 50 mg; 100 mg.
dapsone Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg.
rifampicin Solid oral dosage form: 150 mg; 300 mg.


6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines
The Subcommittee recommends and endorses the use of fixed‐dose combinations and the
development of appropriate new fixed‐dose combinations, including modified dosage forms, non‐
refrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured pharmaceutical quality.
ethambutol
Tablet: 100 mg; 400 mg (hydrochloride).
isoniazid Tablet: 100 mg; 300 mg.
Tablet (scored): 50 mg.
Tablet: 400 mg.
pyrazinamide
Tablet (dispersible): 150 mg.
Tablet (scored): 150 mg.
rifampicin
Solid oral dosage form: 150 mg; 300 mg.
Powder for injection: 1 g (as sulfate) in vial.
streptomycin R
R Review of safety and efficacy of streptomycin in childhood TB.
Complementary List
Reserve second‐line drugs for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB)
should be used in specialized centres adhering to WHO standards for TB control. R
R The Subcommittee requests a review of the medicines for MDR-TB in children.
amikacin Powder for injection: 100 mg; 500 mg; 1 g in vial.
capreomycin Powder for injection: 1 g in vial.
cycloserine Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg.
ethionamide Tablet: 125 mg; 250 mg.
kanamycin Powder for injection: 1 g in vial.
ofloxacin* * Levofloxacin may be an alternative based on availability and
programme considerations.
Granules: 4 g in sachet.
p‐aminosalicylic acid
Tablet: 500 mg.
6.3 Antifungal medicines
Capsule: 50 mg.
fluconazole Injection: 2 mg/ml in vial.
griseofulvin
Solid oral dosage form: 125 mg; 250 mg.


Lozenge: 100 000 IU.
nystatin Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 ml; 100 000 IU/ml.
Tablet: 100 000 IU; 500 000 IU.
Complementary List
amphotericin B Powder for injection: 50 mg in vial.
As deoxycholate or liposomal.
Capsule: 250 mg.
flucytosine
Infusion: 2.5 g in 250 ml.
potassium iodide Saturated solution.
6.4 Antiviral medicines
6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
aciclovir Powder for injection: 250 mg (as sodium salt) in vial.
Tablet: 200 mg.
6.4.2 Antiretrovirals
Based on current evidence and experience of use, medicines in the following three classes of
antiretrovirals are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention
of mother‐to‐child transmission and post‐exposure prophylaxis). The Subcommittee emphasizes the
importance of using these products in accordance with global and national guidelines. The
Subcommittee recommends and endorses the use of fixed‐dose combinations and the development
of appropriate new fixed‐dose combinations, including modified dosage forms, non‐refrigerated
products and paediatric dosage forms of assured pharmaceutical quality.
Scored tablets can be used in children and therefore can be considered for inclusion in the listing of
tablets, provided adequate quality products are available.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oral liquid: 100 mg (as sulfate)/5 ml.
abacavir (ABC)
Tablet: 300 mg (as sulfate).
Buffered powder for oral liquid: 100 mg; 167 mg; 250 mg
packets.
Capsule (unbuffered enteric‐coated): 125 mg; 200 mg; 250 mg;
didanosine (ddI)
400 mg.
Tablet (buffered chewable, dispersible): 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg;
150 mg; 200 mg.
Capsule: 200 mg.
emtricitabine (FTC)* a * FTC is an acceptable alternative to 3TC, based on knowledge of
the pharmacology, the resistance patterns and clinical trials of
antiretrovirals.
a >3 months.
lamivudine (3TC)
Tablet: 150 mg.

Capsule: 15 mg; 20 mg; 30 mg.
stavudine (d4T)
Powder for oral liquid: 5 mg/5 ml.
Capsule: 100 mg; 250 mg.
zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Solution for IV infusion injection: 10 mg/ml in 20‐ml vial.
Tablet: 300 mg.
6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
efavirenz (EFV or EFZ) a
Tablet: 600 mg.
a >3 years or >10 kg.
nevirapine (NVP)
Tablet: 200 mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need to be determined by each country
after consideration of international and national treatment guidelines and experience. Ritonavir is
recommended for use in combination as a pharmacological booster, and not as an antiretroviral in its
own right. All other protease inhibitors should be used in boosted forms (e.g. with ritonavir).
Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg; 150 mg; 300 mg.
atazanavir a
a >25 kg.
Capsule: 133.3 mg + 33.3 mg.
lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r) Oral liquid: 400 mg + 100 mg/5 ml.
Tablet (heat stable): 100 mg + 25 mg; 200 mg + 50 mg.
ritonavir Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg.
Tablet (heat stable): 25 mg; 100 mg.
saquinavir (SQV) a
a >25 kg.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
lamivudine + nevirapine + Tablet: 150 mg + 200 mg + 30 mg.
stavudine
Tablet (dispersible):
30 mg + 50 mg + 6 mg; 60 mg + 100 mg + 12 mg.
lamivudine + nevirapine +
Tablet: 30 mg + 50 mg + 60 mg; 150 mg + 200 mg + 300 mg.
zidovudine
lamivudine + zidovudine Tablet: 30 mg + 60 mg; 150 mg + 300 mg.


6.4.3 Other antivirals
Oral powder: 12 mg/ml.
* Oseltamivir should be used only in compliance with the WHO
treatment guidelines, i.e. (1) for treatment of patients with severe
or progressive clinical illness with confirmed or suspected
influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009, (2) for the treatment of patients
oseltamivir* R with confirmed or suspected but uncomplicated illness due to
pandemic influenza virus infection who were in higher risk
groups, most notably for pregnant women and children under
2 years of age.
R The Committee recommended that its decision to include
oseltamivir be reviewed at the next meeting of the Expert
Committee.
Injection for intravenous administration: 800 mg and 1 g in
10‐ml phosphate buffer solution.
ribavirin*
* For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers only.
6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines
6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
Tablet: 500 mg (furoate).
a >25 kg.
diloxanide a R
R Review of effectiveness and safety for amoebiasis, with emphasis on
comparative efficacy, safety, and age limits compared with oral
paromomycin.
Injection: 500 mg in 100‐ml vial.
metronidazole Oral liquid: 200 mg (as benzoate)/5 ml.
6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines
Powder for injection: 50 mg in vial.
amphotericin B
As deoxycholate or liposomal.
Solution for intramuscular injection: 750 mg of paromomycin
paromomycin
base present as the sulfate.
Injection: 100 mg/ml, 1 vial = 30 ml or 30%, equivalent to
approximately 8.1% antimony in 5‐ml ampoule.
sodium stibogluconate or
meglumine antimoniate R R Review of comparative effectiveness and safety of antimonials for
leishmaniasis, and whether they should be kept on the core list or
moved to the complementary list.

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines
6.5.3.1 For curative treatment
Medicines for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria cases should be used in combination. The list
currently recommends combinations according to treatment guidelines. The Subcommittee
recognizes that not all of these FDCs exist and encourages their development and rigorous testing.
The Subcommittee also encourages development and testing of rectal dosage formulations.
Tablet: 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride).
amodiaquine* * To be used (a) in combination with artesunate 50 mg OR
(b) may be used alone for the treatment of P.vivax, P.ovale and
P.malariae infections.
Oily injection: 80 mg/ml in 1‐ml ampoule.
artemether*
* For use in the management of severe malaria.
Tablet (dispersible): 20 mg + 120 mg.
artemether + lumefantrine*
* Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in
children below 5 kg.
Injection: ampoules, containing 60 mg anhydrous artesunic acid
with a separate ampoule of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution.
For use in the management of severe malaria.
Rectal dosage form: 50 mg; 200 mg capsules (for pre‐referral
artesunate* treatment of severe malaria only; patients should be taken to an
appropriate health facility for follow‐up care).
Tablet: 50 mg.
* To be used in combination with either amodiaquine,
mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
Oral liquid: 50 mg (as phosphate or sulfate)/5 ml.
chloroquine* Tablet: 100 mg; 150 mg (as phosphate or sulfate).
* For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.
Capsule: 100 mg (as hydrochloride).
doxycycline* Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg (as monohydrate).
* For use only in combination with quinine.
mefloquine*
* To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
Tablet: 7.5 mg; 15 mg (as diphosphate).
primaquine* * Only for use to achieve radical cure of P.vivax and P.ovale
infections, given for 14 days.
Injection: 300 mg quinine hydrochloride/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
Tablet: 300 mg (quinine sulfate) or 300 mg (quinine bisulfate).
quinine*
* For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should
be used in combination with doxycycline.

sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine*
* Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Oral liquid: 50 mg (as phosphate or sulfate)/5 ml.
chloroquine* Tablet: 150 mg (as phosphate or sulfate).
* For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.
Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg (as hydrochloride).
doxycycline a
a >8 years.
mefloquine a
a >5 kg or >3 months.
proguanil*
* For use only in combination with chloroquine.
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine Tablet: 25 mg.
sulfadiazine Tablet: 500 mg.
Injection:
80 mg + 16 mg/ml in 5‐ml ampoule;
sulfamethoxazole + 80 mg + 16 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.
trimethoprim
Oral liquid: 200 mg + 40 mg/5 ml.
Tablet: 100 mg + 20 mg; 400 mg + 80 mg.
6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines R
R The Subcommittee requested a review of evidence for effectiveness and safety for medicines for
trypanosomiasis in children.
6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis
Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis.
Powder for injection: 200 mg (pentamidine isetionate) in vial.
pentamidine* * To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
infection.
suramin sodium* Powder for injection: 1 g in vial.
* To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.
Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis
eflornithine* Injection: 200 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 100‐ml bottle.
* To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
infection.
melarsoprol Injection: 3.6% solution in 5‐ml ampoule (180 mg of active
compound).
6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis
benznidazole Tablet: 100 mg.

nifurtimox Tablet: 30 mg; 120 mg; 250 mg.
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
ibuprofen Tablet: 200 mg; 400 mg.
paracetamol
7.2 For prophylaxis
propranolol Tablet: 20 mg; 40 mg (hydrochloride).
8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED IN

PALLIATIVE CARE R
R The Subcommittee noted that these immunosuppressives and cytotoxics are essential for children but
requested that these medicines be reviewed.
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
Complementary List
Powder for injection: 100 mg (as sodium salt) in vial.
azathioprine
Tablet: 50 mg.
Capsule: 25 mg.
ciclosporin Concentrate for injection: 50 mg/ml in 1‐ml ampoule for organ
transplantation.
8.2 Cytotoxic medicines
Complementary List
allopurinol Tablet: 100 mg to 300 mg.
asparaginase Powder for injection: 10 000 IU in vial.
bleomycin Powder for injection: 15 mg (as sulfate) in vial.
calcium folinate
Tablet: 15 mg.
carboplatin Injection: 50 mg/5 ml; 150 mg/15 ml; 450 mg/45 ml; 600 mg/60 ml.
chlorambucil Tablet: 2 mg.
Powder for injection: 500 mg in vial.
cyclophosphamide
Tablet: 25 mg.
cytarabine Powder for injection: 100 mg in vial.
dacarbazine Powder for injection: 100 mg in vial.
dactinomycin Powder for injection: 500 micrograms in vial.
daunorubicin Powder for injection: 50 mg (as hydrochloride).
doxorubicin Powder for injection: 10 mg; 50 mg (hydrochloride) in vial.
Capsule: 100 mg.
etoposide

fluorouracil Injection: 50 mg/ml in 5‐ml ampoule.
mercaptopurine Tablet: 50 mg.
Powder for injection: 50 mg (as sodium salt) in vial.
methotrexate
Tablet: 2.5 mg (as sodium salt).
procarbazine Capsule: 50 mg (as hydrochloride).
vinblastine Powder for injection: 10 mg (sulfate) in vial.
vincristine Powder for injection: 1 mg; 5 mg (sulfate) in vial.
8.3 Hormones and antihormones
Complementary List
Injection: 4 mg dexamethasone phosphate (as disodium salt) in
dexamethasone 1‐ml ampoule.
hydrocortisone Powder for injection: 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial.
prednisolone
8.4 Medicines used in palliative care
amitriptyline Tablet: 10 mg; 25 mg.
Injection: 50 mg/ml.
cyclizine
Tablet: 50 mg.
Injection: 4 mg/ml.
dexamethasone
Tablet: 2 mg.
Injection: 5 mg/ml.
diazepam
Rectal solution: 2.5 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg.
Capsule: 100 mg.
docusate sodium
Injection: 400 micrograms/ml; 600 micrograms/ml.
hyoscine hydrobromide
Transdermal patches: 1 mg/72 hours.
Tablet: 200 mg; 400 mg; 600 mg.
ibuprofen* a
* Specific use for management of bone pain.
a Not in children less than 3 months.
midazolam Injection: 1 mg/ml; 5 mg/ml.

Granules (modified release) (to mix with water): 20 mg; 30 mg;
60 mg; 100 mg; 200 mg.
Injection: 10 mg/ml.
morphine
Tablet (controlled release): 10 mg; 30 mg; 60 mg.
Tablet (immediate release): 10 mg.
senna Oral liquid: 7.5 mg/5 ml.
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD
10.1 Antianaemia medicines R
R The Subcommittee proposed a review of the evidence for appropriate dose combinations of iron and folic
acid for children.
Oral liquid: equivalent to 25 mg iron (as sulfate)/ml.
ferrous salt
Tablet: equivalent to 60 mg iron.
folic acid Tablet: 1 mg; 5 mg.
hydroxocobalamin Injection: 1 mg in 1‐ml ampoule.
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation
Injection: 1 mg/ml; 10 mg/ml in 5‐ml ampoule.
phytomenadione
Tablet: 10 mg.
Complementary List
heparin sodium Injection: 1000 IU/ml; 5000 IU/ml in 1‐ml ampoule.
protamine sulfate Injection: 10 mg/ml in 5‐ml ampoule.
warfarin Tablet: 0.5 mg; 1 mg; 2 mg; 5 mg (sodium salt).
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.1 Plasma substitutes R
R The Subcommittee requested a review to determine whether these medicines are essential for children.
11.2 Plasma fractions for specific use
All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and
Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). (WHO
Technical Report Series, No. 840, 1994, Annex 2).
Complementary List
factor VIII concentrate Dried.
factor IX complex
(coagulation factors, II, VII, Dried.
IX, X) concentrate

Intramuscular administration: 16% protein solution.*
Intravenous administration: 5%; 10% protein solution.**
human normal
immunoglobulin Subcutaneous administration: 15%; 16% protein solution.*
* Indicated for primary immune deficiency.
**Indicated for primary immune deficiency and Kawasaki disease.
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines and requested a review to determine
which of these medicines are essential for children.
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
enalapril Tablet: 2.5 mg; 5 mg.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure
Injection: 250 micrograms/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
digoxin Oral liquid: 50 micrograms/ml.
Tablet: 62.5 micrograms; 250 micrograms.
furosemide Oral liquid: 20 mg/5 ml.
Tablet: 40 mg.
Complementary List
Injection: 40 mg (hydrochloride) in 5‐ml vial.
dopamine R
R Review of safety and efficacy of dopamine in children.
12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

12.6 Lipid-lowering agents R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review of
the section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines
benzoic acid + salicylic acid Cream or ointment: 6% + 3%.
miconazole Cream or ointment: 2% (nitrate).
Complementary List
selenium sulfide Detergent‐based suspension: 2%.
13.2 Anti-infective medicines R
R The Subcommittee requested a review of safety of topical antibiotics including tetracycline ointment in
neonates.
Aqueous solution: 0.5%.
methylrosanilinium chloride
Tincture: 0.5%.
(gentian violet) R
R Review of safety and toxicity of gentian violet.
neomycin sulfate + bacitracin Ointment: 5 mg neomycin sulfate + 250 IU bacitracin zinc/g.

potassium permanganate Aqueous solution: 1:10 000.
Cream: 1%
silver sulfadiazine a
a >2 months.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
Cream or ointment: 0.1% (as valerate).
betamethasone a
a Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.
calamine lotion Lotion.
hydrocortisone Cream or ointment: 1% (acetate).
13.4 Astringent medicines R
R The Subcommittee requested a review to determine whether these medicines are essential for children.
13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
benzoyl peroxide Cream or lotion: 5%.
coal tar Solution: 5%.
podophyllum resin Solution: 10% to 25%.
salicylic acid Solution: 5%.
urea Cream or ointment: 10%.
13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides
Lotion: 25%.
a >2 years.
benzyl benzoate a R
R Review of alternatives to benzyl benzoate for use in younger
children (possible role for sulfur-based preparations in younger
children).
Cream: 5%.
permethrin
Lotion: 1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein Eye drops: 1% (sodium salt).
tropicamide Eye drops: 0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media R
R The Subcommittee requested a review of possible alternative contrast agents for use in children.
Complementary List
barium sulfate Aqueous suspension.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics
Solution: 5% (digluconate); 20% (digluconate) (needs to be
chlorhexidine
diluted prior to use for cord care).
ethanol Solution: 70% (denatured).
polyvidone iodine Solution: 10%.

15.2 Disinfectants
chlorine base compound Powder: (0.1% available chlorine) for solution.
chloroxylenol Solution: 4.8%.
glutaral Solution: 2%.
16. DIURETICS
furosemide Oral liquid: 20 mg/5 ml.
Tablet: 10 mg; 20 mg; 40 mg.
Complementary List
hydrochlorothiazide Tablet (scored): 25 mg.
Injectable solution: 10%; 20%.
mannitol R
R Review of comparative efficacy, safety and place in therapy of
mannitol in children.
Oral liquid: 5 mg/5 ml; 10 mg/5 ml; 25 mg/5 ml.
spironolactone R Tablet: 25 mg.
R Review of comparative efficacy, safety and place in therapy of
spironolactone in children.
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

Complementary List
Age‐appropriate formulations and doses including lipase, protease and
pancreatic enzymes
amylase.
17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines
aluminium hydroxide
Tablet: 500 mg.
magnesium hydroxide Oral liquid: equivalent to 550 mg magnesium oxide/10 ml.
Powder for oral liquid: 20 mg; 40 mg sachets.
omeprazole
ranitidine Oral liquid: 75 mg/5 ml.
17.2 Antiemetic medicines
dexamethasone Oral liquid: 0.5 mg/5 ml; 2 mg/5 ml.
Solid oral dosage form: 0.5 mg; 0.75 mg; 1.5 mg; 4 mg.

Injection: 5 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
metoclopramide a
Tablet: 10 mg (hydrochloride).
a Not in neonates.
Injection: 2 mg base/ml in 2‐ml ampoule (as hydrochloride).
Oral liquid: 4 mg base/ 5 ml.
ondansetron a
Solid oral dosage form: Eq 4 mg base; Eq 8 mg base.
a >1 month.
17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

17.4 Laxatives R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review of
the section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea
17.5.1 Oral rehydration
glucose: 75 mEq
sodium: 75 mEq or mmol/L
chloride: 65 mEq or mmol/L
potassium: 20 mEq or mmol/L
citrate: 10 mmol/L
osmolarity: 245 mOsm/L
glucose: 13.5 g/L
oral rehydration salts sodium chloride: 2.6 g/L
potassium chloride: 1.5 g/L
trisodium citrate dihydrate+: 2.9 g/L
+ trisodium citrate dihydrate may be replaced by sodium hydrogen
carbonate (sodium bicarbonate) 2.5 g/L. However, as the stability of this
latter formulation is very poor under tropical conditions, it is only
recommended when manufactured for immediate use.
Powder for dilution in 200 ml; 500 ml; 1 L.
17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children
Oral liquid: in 10 mg per unit dosage forms.
Tablet: in 10 mg per unit dosage forms.
zinc sulfate*
* In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to
oral rehydration salts.
17.5.3 Antidiarrhoeal (symptomatic) medicines in adults
18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
fludrocortisone Tablet: 100 micrograms.
hydrocortisone Tablet: 5 mg; 10 mg; 20 mg.
18.2 Androgens
18.3 Contraceptives

18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives
18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives
18.3.3 Intrauterine devices
18.3.4 Barrier methods
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
18.4 Estrogens
18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents
insulin injection (soluble) Injection: 100 IU/ml in 10‐ml vial.
Injection: 100 IU/ml in 10‐ml vial
intermediate‐acting insulin
(as compound insulin zinc suspension or isophane insulin).
Complementary List
metformin Tablet: 500 mg (hydrochloride).
18.6 Ovulation inducers
18.7 Progestogens
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines
Tablet: 25 micrograms; 50 micrograms; 100 micrograms
levothyroxine
(sodium salt).
Complementary List
Lugolʹs solution Oral liquid: about 130 mg total iodine/ml.
potassium iodide Tablet: 60 mg.
Tablet: 50 mg.
propylthiouracil R
R Review of use of propylthiouracil in children and appropriateness of
carbimazole as an alternative.
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
All tuberculins should comply with the WHO Requirements for Tuberculins (Revised 1985). WHO
Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Thirty‐sixth report. (WHO Technical Report Series,
No. 745, 1987, Annex 1).
tuberculin, purified protein
Injection.
derivative (PPD)
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins
All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and
Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). WHO Expert
Committee on Biological Standardization. Forty‐third report. (WHO Technical Report Series, No.
840, 1994, Annex 2).
antitetanus immunoglobulin
Injection: 500 IU in vial.
(human)
Injection.
antivenom immunoglobulin*
* Exact type to be defined locally.

diphtheria antitoxin Injection: 10 000 IU; 20 000 IU in vial.
rabies immunoglobulin Injection: 150 IU/ml in vial.
19.3 Vaccines
Selection of vaccines from the Model List will need to be determined by each country after
consideration of international recommendations, epidemiology and national priorities. The list below
details the vaccines for which there is either a recommendation from the Strategic Advisory Group of
Experts on Immunization (SAGE)
(http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html) and/or a WHO position paper
(http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html). This site will be
updated as new position papers are published and contains the most recent information and
recommendations. All vaccines should comply with the WHO Requirements for Biological
Substances.
The Subcommittee noted the need for vaccines used in children to be polyvalent.
BCG vaccine
cholera vaccine
diphtheria vaccine
hepatitis A vaccine
hepatitis B vaccine
Haemophilus influenzae type b

vaccine
influenza vaccine
Japanese encephalitis vaccine
measles vaccine
meningococcal meningitis

vaccine
mumps vaccine
pertussis vaccine
pneumococcal vaccine
poliomyelitis vaccine
rabies vaccine
rotavirus vaccine
rubella vaccine
tetanus vaccine
typhoid vaccine
varicella vaccine
yellow fever vaccine

20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS R
R The Subcommittee recommended a review of the alternatives available for use in children.
Injection: 500 micrograms in 1‐ml ampoule; 2.5 mg (metilsulfate)
neostigmine in 1‐ml ampoule.
Tablet: 15 mg (bromide).
Injection: 50 mg (chloride)/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
suxamethonium
Powder for injection: (chloride), in vial.
vecuronium Powder for injection: 10 mg (bromide) in vial.
Complementary List
Injection: 1 mg in 1‐ml ampoule.
pyridostigmine
Tablet: 60 mg (bromide).
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS R

R The Subcommittee requested a review of newer medicines for potential additions to this list.
21.1 Anti-infective agents
aciclovir Ointment: 3% W/W.
gentamicin Solution (eye drops): 0.3% (sulfate).
tetracycline Eye ointment: 1% (hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents
prednisolone Solution (eye drops): 0.5% (sodium phosphate).
21.3 Local anaesthetics
Solution (eye drops): 0.5% (hydrochloride).
tetracaine a
a Not in preterm neonates.
21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
21.5 Mydriatics
Solution (eye drops): 0.1%; 0.5%; 1% (sulfate).
atropine* a * OR homatropine OR cyclopentolate.
a >3 months.
Complementary List
Solution (eye drops): 2% (as hydrochloride).
epinephrine (adrenaline) R
R Review of anti-infective eye drops, identifying which are most
appropriate for use in children.
22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

Complementary List
intraperitoneal dialysis
solution (of appropriate Parenteral solution.
composition)
24. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES R

R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children for a variety of disorders
and requests a review of the entire section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
Complementary List
Injection: 25 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
chlorpromazine Oral liquid: 25 mg (hydrochloride)/5 ml.
Tablet: 10 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg (hydrochloride).
Injection: 5 mg in 1‐ml ampoule.
haloperidol Oral liquid: 2 mg/ml.
Solid oral dosage form: 0.5 mg; 2 mg; 5 mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders
24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders
Complementary List
Solid oral dosage form: 20 mg (present as hydrochloride).
fluoxetine a
a >8 years.
24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders R
24.3 Medicines used in generalized anxiety R
24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders and panic attacks R
24.5 Medicines used in substance dependence programmes R
25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic medicines
Inhalation (aerosol): 100 micrograms per dose; 200 micrograms
budesonide
per dose.
Injection: 1 mg (as hydrochloride or hydrogen tartrate) in
epinephrine (adrenaline)
1‐ml ampoule.
Injection: 50 micrograms (as sulfate)/ml in 5‐ml ampoule.
Metered dose inhaler (aerosol): 100 micrograms (as sulfate) per
dose.
salbutamol*
Respirator solution for use in nebulizers: 5 mg (as sulfate)/ml.
Tablet: 2 mg; 4 mg (as sulfate).
* Oral salbutamol treatment should only be considered when
inhaled asthma therapy is not feasible.

26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE

DISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oral rehydration salts See section 17.5.1.
potassium chloride Powder for solution.
26.2 Parenteral
Injectable solution: 5% (isotonic); 10% (hypertonic);
glucose
50% (hypertonic).
Injectable solution: 5% glucose, 0.9% sodium chloride
(equivalent to 150 mmol/L Na+ and 150 mmol/L Cl‐); 5% glucose,
glucose with sodium chloride
0.45% sodium chloride (equivalent to 75 mmol/L Na+ and
75 mmol/L Cl‐).
Solution for dilution: 7.5% (equivalent to K 1 mmol/ml and Cl
potassium chloride
1 mmol/ml); 15% (equivalent to K 2 mmol/ml and Cl 2 mmol/ml).
Injectable solution: 0.9% isotonic (equivalent to Na+
sodium chloride
154 mmol/L, Cl‐ 154 mmol/L).
Injectable solution: 1.4% isotonic (equivalent to Na+ 167 mmol/L,
HCO3‐ 167 mmol/L).
sodium hydrogen carbonate
Solution: 8.4% in 10‐ml ampoule (equivalent to Na+
1000 mmol/L, HCO3‐1000 mmol/L).
sodium lactate, compound
Injectable solution.
solution
26.3 Miscellaneous
water for injection 2‐ml; 5‐ml; 10‐ml ampoules.
27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS R

R The Subcommittee noted the need for a review of this section of the list to meet public health needs in
children.
ascorbic acid Tablet: 50 mg.
Oral liquid: 400 IU/ml.
cholecalciferol* Solid oral dosage form: 400 IU; 1000 IU.
* Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
Capsule: 200 mg.
iodine Iodized oil: 1 ml (480 mg iodine); 0.5 ml (240 mg iodine) in
ampoule (oral or injectable); 0.57 ml (308 mg iodine) in dispenser
bottle.
pyridoxine Tablet: 25 mg (hydrochloride).
Capsule: 100 000 IU; 200 000 IU (as palmitate).
Oral oily solution: 100 000 IU (as palmitate)/ml in multidose
dispenser.
retinol
Tablet (sugar‐coated): 10 000 IU (as palmitate).
Water‐miscible injection: 100 000 IU (as palmitate) in
2‐ml ampoule.

riboflavin Tablet: 5 mg.
sodium fluoride In any appropriate topical formulation.
thiamine Tablet: 50 mg (hydrochloride).
Complementary List
calcium gluconate Injection: 100 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.
28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN R

R Review of role of leukotriene antagonists in the management of childhood allergic rhinitis.
acetic acid Topical: 2%, in alcohol.
budesonide Nasal spray: 100 micrograms per dose.
ciprofloxacin Topical: 0.3% drops.
Nasal spray: 0.05%.
xylometazoline a
a Not in children less than 3 months.
29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE

Injection: 20 mg/ml (equivalent to 10 mg caffeine base/ml).
caffeine citrate
Oral liquid: 20 mg/ml (equivalent to 10 mg caffeine base/ml).
Complementary List
ibuprofen Solution for injection: 5 mg/ml.
Solution for injection:
prostaglandin E Prostaglandin E1: 0.5 mg/ml in alcohol.
Prostaglandin E2: 1 mg/ml.
surfactant Suspension for intratracheal instillation: 25 mg/ml or 80 mg/ml.

Table 1: Medicines with age and weight restrictions

atazanavir >25 kg
atropine >3 months
benzyl benzoate >2 years
betamethasone topical preparations Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates
cefazolin >1 month
ceftriaxone >41 weeks corrected gestational age
chlorphenamine >1 year
diloxanide >25 kg
doxycycline >8 years (except for serious infections e.g. cholera)
efavirenz >3 years or >10 kg
emtrictabine >3 months
fluoxetine >8 years
ibuprofen >3 months (except IV form for patent ductus arteriosus)
mefloquine >5 kg or >3 months
metoclopramide Not in neonates
ondansetron >1 month
saquinavir >25 kg
silver sulfadiazine >2 months
tetracaine Not in preterm neonates
trimethoprim >6 months
xylometazoline >3 months


Annex 1: Explanation of dosage forms

A. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Oral administration

Term Definition

Refers to tablets or capsules or other solid dosage forms such as ʹmeltsʹ
that are immediate‐release preparations. It implies that there is no
difference in clinical efficacy or safety between the available dosage
forms, and countries should therefore choose the form(s) to be listed
Solid oral dosage form depending on quality and availability.

The term ʹsolid oral dosage formʹ is never intended to allow any type of
modified‐release tablet.

Refers to:

• uncoated or coated (film‐coated or sugar‐coated) tablets that are
intended to be swallowed whole;
• unscored and scored*;
• tablets that are intended to be chewed before being swallowed;
Tablet • tablets that are intended to be dispersed or dissolved in water or
another suitable liquid before being swallowed;
• tablets that are intended to be crushed before being swallowed.

The term ʹtabletʹ without qualification is never intended to allow any
type of modified‐release tablet.

Refers to a specific type of tablet:
chewable ‐ tablets that are intended to be chewed before being
swallowed;
dispersible ‐ tablets that are intended to be dispersed in water or
another suitable liquid before being swallowed;
soluble ‐ tablets that are intended to be dissolved in water or another
suitable liquid before being swallowed;
crushable ‐ tablets that are intended to be crushed before being
swallowed;
scored ‐ tablets bearing a break mark or marks where sub‐division is
Tablet (qualified)
intended in order to provide doses of less than one tablet;
sublingual ‐ tablets that are intended to be placed beneath the tongue.

The term ʹtabletʹ is always qualified with an additional term (in
parentheses) in entries where one of the following types of tablet is
intended: gastro‐resistant (such tablets may sometimes be described as
enteric‐coated or as delayed‐release), prolonged‐release or another
modified‐release form.

* Scored tablets may be divided for ease of swallowing, provided dose is a whole number of
tablets.


Term Definition

Refers to hard or soft capsules.

Capsule The term ʹcapsuleʹ without qualification is never intended to allow any
type of modified‐release capsule.

The term ʹcapsuleʹ with qualification refers to gastro‐resistant (such
capsules may sometimes be described as enteric‐coated or as delayed‐
Capsule (qualified)
release), prolonged‐release or another modified‐release form.

Preparations that are issued to patient as granules to be swallowed
without further preparation, to be chewed, or to be taken in or with
water or another suitable liquid.
Granules
The term ʹgranulesʹ without further qualification is never intended to
allow any type of modified‐release granules.

Preparations that are issued to patient as powder (usually as single‐
Oral powder dose) to be taken in or with water or another suitable liquid.

Liquid preparations intended to be swallowed i.e. oral solutions,
suspensions, emulsions and oral drops, including those constituted from
powders or granules, but not those preparations intended for oromucosal
administration e.g. gargles and mouthwashes.

Oral liquids presented as powders or granules may offer benefits in the
Oral liquid
form of better stability and lower transport costs. If more than one type
of oral liquid is available on the same market (e.g. solution, suspension,
granules for reconstitution), they may be interchanged and in such cases
should be bioequivalent. It is preferable that oral liquids do not contain
sugar and that solutions for children do not contain alcohol.

B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Parenteral administration

Term Definition
Injection Refers to solutions, suspensions and emulsions including those
constituted from powders or concentrated solutions.
Injection (qualified) Route of administration is indicated in parentheses where relevant.
Injection (oily) The term injection is qualified by (oily) in relevant entries.
Intravenous infusion Refers to solutions and emulsions including those constituted from
powders or concentrated solutions.


C. Other dosage forms

Mode of Term to be used
administration
To the eye Eye drops, eye ointments.
Topical For liquids: lotions, paints.
For semi‐solids: cream, ointment.
Rectal Suppositories, gel or solution.
Vaginal Pessaries or vaginal tablets.
Inhalation Powder for inhalation, pressurized inhalation, nebulizer.


INDEX
abacavir (ABC)................................................... 10 chlorhexidine ..................................................... 19
acetic acid ........................................................... 27 chlorine base compound .................................. 20
acetylcysteine....................................................... 4 chloroquine .................................................. 13, 14
acetylsalicylic acid.................................................. 4 chloroxylenol ..................................................... 20
aciclovir ........................................................ 10, 24 chlorphenamine................................................... 4
albendazole .......................................................... 5 chlorpromazine .................................................... 25
allopurinol............................................................ 15 cholecalciferol .................................................... 26
aluminium hydroxide....................................... 20 cholera vaccine .................................................. 23
amikacin ................................................................. 9 ciclosporin............................................................ 15
amitriptyline ...................................................... 16 ciprofloxacin .................................................. 7, 27
amodiaquine ...................................................... 13 clindamycin ........................................................... 8
amoxicillin............................................................ 6 clofazimine........................................................... 8
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid.............................. 6 cloxacillin ............................................................. 7
amphotericin B ............................................... 10, 12 coal tar ................................................................ 19
ampicillin.............................................................. 6 codeine.................................................................. 4
antitetanus immunoglobulin (human)........... 22 cyclizine.............................................................. 16
antivenom immunoglobulin............................ 22 cyclophosphamide ................................................ 15
artemether .......................................................... 13 cycloserine.............................................................. 9
artemether + lumefantrine ............................... 13 cytarabine............................................................. 15
artesunate ........................................................... 13 dacarbazine .......................................................... 15
ascorbic acid....................................................... 26 dactinomycin........................................................ 15
asparaginase......................................................... 15 dapsone ................................................................ 8
atazanavir........................................................... 11 daunorubicin........................................................ 15
atropine....................................................... 3, 4, 24 deferoxamine ....................................................... 5
azathioprine.......................................................... 15 dexamethasone.........................................4, 16, 20
azithromycin ........................................................ 7 diazepam.................................................... 3, 5, 16
barium sulfate ...................................................... 19 didanosine (ddI) ................................................ 10
BCG vaccine ....................................................... 23 diethylcarbamazine ................................................ 6
benzathine benzylpenicillin............................... 6 digoxin................................................................ 18
benznidazole...................................................... 14 diloxanide........................................................... 12
benzoic acid + salicylic acid ............................. 18 dimercaprol.......................................................... 5
benzoyl peroxide............................................... 19 diphtheria antitoxin .......................................... 23
benzyl benzoate................................................. 19 diphtheria vaccine............................................. 23
benzylpenicillin ................................................... 6 docusate sodium ............................................... 16
betamethasone ................................................... 19 dopamine.............................................................. 18
bleomycin ............................................................. 15 doxorubicin .......................................................... 15
budesonide................................................... 25, 27 doxycycline ...............................................8, 13, 14
bupivacaine.......................................................... 3 efavirenz (EFV or EFZ)..................................... 11
caffeine citrate.................................................... 27 eflornithine......................................................... 14
calamine lotion .................................................. 19 emtricitabine (FTC) ........................................... 10
calcium folinate .................................................... 15 enalapril.............................................................. 18
calcium gluconate ......................................... 4, 27 epinephrine (adrenaline).........................4, 24, 25
capreomycin ........................................................... 9 erythromycin ....................................................... 8
carbamazepine..................................................... 5 ethambutol ........................................................... 9
cefalexin................................................................ 6 ethanol ................................................................ 19
cefazolin................................................................ 6 ethionamide............................................................ 9
cefotaxime............................................................... 7 ethosuximide .......................................................... 5
ceftazidime ............................................................. 7 etoposide............................................................... 15
ceftriaxone ............................................................ 7 factor IX complex (coagulation factors,
charcoal, activated............................................... 4 II, VII, IX, X) concentrate............................... 17
chlorambucil......................................................... 15 factor VIII concentrate ......................................... 17
chloramphenicol.................................................. 7 ferrous salt.......................................................... 17

fluconazole ........................................................... 9 meningococcal meningitis vaccine ................. 23

flucytosine............................................................ 10 mercaptopurine .................................................... 16
fludrocortisone .................................................. 21 metformin ............................................................ 22
fluorescein .......................................................... 19 methotrexate......................................................... 16
fluorouracil........................................................... 16 methylrosanilinium chloride (gentian violet) 18
fluoxetine ............................................................. 25 metoclopramide ................................................ 21
folic acid ............................................................. 17 metronidazole................................................ 8, 12
furosemide ................................................... 18, 20 miconazole ......................................................... 18
gentamicin...................................................... 8, 24 midazolam ......................................................... 16
glucose ................................................................ 26 morphine .................................................... 3, 4, 17
glucose with sodium chloride ......................... 26 mumps vaccine.................................................. 23
glutaral................................................................ 20 naloxone ............................................................... 5
griseofulvin .......................................................... 9 neomycin sulfate + bacitracin .......................... 18
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine............. 23 neostigmine........................................................ 24
haloperidol............................................................ 25 nevirapine (NVP) .............................................. 11
halothane .............................................................. 3 niclosamide .......................................................... 6
heparin sodium..................................................... 17 nifurtimox .......................................................... 15
hepatitis A vaccine ............................................ 23 nitrofurantoin ...................................................... 8
hepatitis B vaccine............................................. 23 nitrous oxide ........................................................ 3
human normal immunoglobulin .......................... 18 nystatin ............................................................... 10
hydrochlorothiazide.............................................. 20 ofloxacin................................................................. 9
hydrocortisone................................... 4, 16, 19, 21 omeprazole......................................................... 20
hydroxocobalamin ............................................ 17 ondansetron ....................................................... 21
hyoscine hydrobromide ................................... 16 oral rehydration salts.................................. 21, 26
ibuprofen ............................................ 3, 15, 16, 27 oseltamivir ......................................................... 12
imipenem + cilastatin............................................. 7 oxamniquine .......................................................... 6
influenza vaccine............................................... 23 oxygen .................................................................. 3
insulin injection (soluble) ................................. 22 p‐aminosalicylic acid.............................................. 9
intermediate‐acting insulin.............................. 22 pancreatic enzymes .............................................. 20
intraperitoneal dialysis solution paracetamol.................................................... 3, 15
(of appropriate composition)............................ 25 paromomycin..................................................... 12
iodine .................................................................. 26 penicillamine ....................................................... 5
isoniazid ............................................................... 9 pentamidine ....................................................... 14
ivermectin............................................................. 6 permethrin ......................................................... 19
Japanese encephalitis vaccine.......................... 23 pertussis vaccine ............................................... 23
kanamycin.............................................................. 9 phenobarbital....................................................... 5
ketamine ............................................................... 3 phenoxymethylpenicillin ................................... 7
lamivudine (3TC) .............................................. 10 phenytoin ............................................................. 5
lamivudine + nevirapine + stavudine............. 11 phytomenadione ............................................... 17
lamivudine + nevirapine + zidovudine .......... 11 pneumococcal vaccine...................................... 23
lamivudine + zidovudine ................................. 11 podophyllum resin ........................................... 19
levamisole............................................................. 6 poliomyelitis vaccine ........................................ 23
levothyroxine ..................................................... 22 polyvidone iodine ............................................. 19
lidocaine ............................................................... 3 potassium chloride............................................ 26
lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline)................ 3 potassium iodide ............................................ 10, 22
lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)............................ 11 potassium permanganate................................. 19
lorazepam............................................................. 5 praziquantel......................................................... 6
Lugolʹs solution ................................................... 22 prednisolone .............................................4, 16, 24
magnesium hydroxide...................................... 20 primaquine......................................................... 13
mannitol............................................................... 20 procaine benzylpenicillin................................... 7
measles vaccine ................................................. 23 procarbazine......................................................... 16
mebendazole ........................................................ 6 proguanil............................................................ 14
mefloquine ................................................... 13, 14 propranolol ........................................................ 15
melarsoprol ........................................................ 14 propylthiouracil ................................................... 22

prostaglandin E.................................................... 27 stavudine (d4T) ................................................. 11

protamine sulfate ................................................. 17 streptomycin ........................................................ 9
pyrantel................................................................. 6 sulfadiazine........................................................ 14
pyrazinamide....................................................... 9 sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.......................... 14
pyridostigmine ..................................................... 24 sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim............... 8, 14
pyridoxine .......................................................... 26 suramin sodium ................................................ 14
pyrimethamine .................................................. 14 surfactant............................................................. 27
quinine................................................................ 13 suxamethonium................................................. 24
rabies immunoglobulin .................................... 23 tetanus vaccine .................................................. 23
rabies vaccine..................................................... 23 tetracaine ............................................................ 24
ranitidine ............................................................ 20 tetracycline ......................................................... 24
retinol.................................................................. 26 thiamine.............................................................. 27
ribavirin .............................................................. 12 thiopental ............................................................. 3
riboflavin ............................................................ 27 triclabendazole .................................................... 6
rifampicin ......................................................... 8, 9 trimethoprim ....................................................... 8
ritonavir .............................................................. 11 tropicamide ........................................................ 19
rotavirus vaccine ............................................... 23 tuberculin, purified protein
rubella vaccine ................................................... 23 derivative (PPD) ........................................... 22
salbutamol.......................................................... 25 typhoid vaccine ................................................. 23
salicylic acid ....................................................... 19 urea ..................................................................... 19
saquinavir (SQV) ............................................... 11 valproic acid (sodium valproate)...................... 5
selenium sulfide ................................................... 18 vancomycin ............................................................ 8
senna ................................................................... 17 varicella vaccine ................................................ 23
silver sulfadiazine ............................................. 19 vecuronium........................................................ 24
sodium calcium edetate...................................... 5 vinblastine............................................................ 16
sodium chloride................................................. 26 vincristine ............................................................ 16
sodium fluoride ................................................. 27 warfarin ............................................................... 17
sodium hydrogen carbonate............................ 26 water for injection ............................................. 26
sodium lactate, compound solution ............... 26 xylometazoline .................................................. 27
sodium stibogluconate or meglumine yellow fever vaccine ......................................... 23
antimoniate.................................................... 12 zidovudine (ZDV or AZT) ............................... 11
spironolactone ...................................................... 20 zinc sulfate ......................................................... 21


WHO Model List of Essential Medicines For Children: 2nd List (Updated) March 2010

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1.2 Local anaesthetics

2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-

ibuprofen a R a >3 months.

R Use in children, focusing on comparative analgesic and antipyretic

2.2 Opioid analgesics

2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

 chlorphenamine a R Tablet: 4 mg (hydrogen maleate).

R Review of diphenhydramine to assess comparative efficacy and

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics R

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines R

6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

6.3 Antifungal medicines

6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines

6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors

6.4.3 Other antivirals

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines

6.5.3.1 For curative treatment

6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis

6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis

6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

7.2 For prophylaxis

8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED IN

8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines

8.2 Cytotoxic medicines

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.3 Antihypertensive medicines

12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides

14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines

17.2 Antiemetic medicines

17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea

17.5.1 Oral rehydration

17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children

17.5.3 Antidiarrhoeal (symptomatic) medicines in adults

18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives

chlorphenamine a R Tablet: 4 mg (hydrogen maleate).