Analysis Elevated Temperature Creep Steel

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ORNL TM-8075
OAK
RIDGE
NATIONAL
LABORATORY Analysis of Elevated-Temperature
Tensile and Creep Properties
UNION of Normalized and Tempered
CARBIDE
2% Cr-1 Mo Steel
M. K. Booker
B. L. P. Booker
R. W. Swindeman
CENTRAL RESEARCH LIBRARY

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ORNL/TM-8075
Contract No. W-7405-eng-26
METALS AND CERAMICS DIVISION
ANALYSIS OF ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE TENSILE AND CREEP PROPERTIES

OF NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo STEEL
M. K. Booker, B.L.P. Booker, and R. W. Swindeman
Date Published - January 1982
NOTICE: This document contains information of a

preliminary nature. It is subject to revision
or correction and therefore does not represent a
final report.
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
operated by
UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
for the
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS LIBRARIES
3 MMSb Q1334A1 3
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 1
INTRODUCTION 1
ALLOWABLE STRESS CRITERIA 2

DATA 2
ANALYTICAL APPROACH 4
CREEP DATA ANALYSIS 4
TENSILE DATA ANALYSIS 13
ALLOWABLE STRESSES 18
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 22
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 23
REFERENCES 23
APPENDIX A 27
APPENDIX B 37
in
ANALYSIS OF ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE TENSILE AND CREEP PROPERTIES
OF NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo STEEL*
M. K. Booker, B.L.P. Booker, and R. W. Swindeman
ABSTRACT
The ferritic 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel is an important

construction material for elevated-temperature applications
worldwide. It is of particular interest for coal conversion
pressure vessels. We collected tensile and creep data for
normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel from American,
Japanese, British, French, and German sources. These included
creep data obtained at temperatures from 427 to 600°C
(800—1112°F) and tensile data from room temperature to 550°C
(1022°F). Properties examined included yield strength, ulti
mate tensile strength, lO-'-h creep-rupture strength, and
10~^%/h creep strength. These are the properties used in
setting allowable stresses for Section VIII, Division 1, of
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The data were ana
lyzed by using lot-centered regression approaches that yielded
expressions for the variations in the above properties with
loading condition, as well as accounting for lot-to-lot
variations in properties.
We found no indications of systematic differences in any
of the properties examined for data from the different
countries. However, the estimated allowable stresses from this
investigation fell up to 10% below those currently given for
this material in the ASME Code. Several possible reasons were
cited for the differences, and we concluded that our results
are not overly conservative. On the other hand, there is no
direct evidence that the current code allowable stresses are
insufficiently conservative, since those stresses rely on fac
tors (such as service experience) other than experimental data.
INTRODUCTION
The ferritic 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel is an important construction

material for elevated-temperature applications worldwide. It is of
Research sponsored by the Solvent Refined Coal Projects Office,

U.S. Department of Energy-Oak Ridge Operations, under contract
W-7405-eng-26 with the Union Carbide Corporation.
particular interest for coal conversion pressure vessels. This report
describes an analysis of available creep and tensile data for normalized
and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel performed to obtain an estimate of
allowable stresses by the rules established for Section VIII, Division 1,
of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The analyses were performed
by using the lot-centered regression techniques that were shown1 to be
applicable to such problems in an earlier analysis of data for type 321H
stainless steel. The results of this investigation provide estimates of
appropriate ASME allowable stresses for the particular subset of material
examined.
ALLOWABLE STRESS CRITERIA
The allowable stress, 5, in Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME

Code is defined for a ferritic steel as the lowest of the following stress
values at a given temperature:
1. one-fourth of the specified minimum tensile strength at room
temperature,
2. one-fourth of the tensile strength at temperature,

3. two-thirds of the specified minimum yield strength at room
temperature,
4. two-thirds of the yield strength at temperature,

5. 100% of the average stress for a creep rate of 0.01%/1000 h,
6. 67% of the average stress for rupture in 100,000 h, and
7. 80% of the minimum stress for rupture in 100,000 h.
It should be noted that "tensile strength at temperature" in item 2 above
is defined at 110% of the value obtained for that temperature from a trend
curve normalized to the minimum specified strength at room temperature,
while "yield strength at temperature" is defined as 100% of such a value
from an analogous trend curve for that property.
DATA
The data used in this evaluation were derived from an international

variety of sources, including Japanese,2"^ German,5 French,6 British,7 and
American8-11 data. The primary criteria used for selection of lots* of
material for inclusion in the data base were that the room-temperature
yield strength for that lot be above 310 MPa (45 ksi) and that the room-
temperature ultimate tensile strength (UTS) lie in the range 517 to
620 MPa (75—90 ksi). However, in the case of creep data, data from
several lots of material with a UTS in the range 620 to 655 MPa
(90—95 ksi) were included because the data were particularly extensive.
Tables 1 and 2 summarize the data available from the various countries,
and Appendix B provides a full listing of data used as well as available
characterization of the various lots of material for which data were
obtained. Note that, although Table 1 shows a very extensive creep-
rupture data set, the available data for minimum creep rate were very
sparse, consisting of 55 data for four lots of material, all from American
sources. In all creep data analyses, tests at temperatures above 600°C or
with lives less than 10 h were excluded, since we intended to estimate
allowable stresses only to about 550°C. Deletion of data at temperatures
above 600°C prevents the results from being biased by those data.
A lot is defined as a particular product form of a particular heat

of material in a given heat-treatment condition. Often a heat is repre
sented by only one lot.
Table 1. Summary of creep-rupture data sets used
Longest
Temperature
National Number of Number of rupture
range
origin lots data life
(°C)
(h)
France 7 78 500-600 8,911

Great Britain 6 23 500-600 5,121
Japan 26 228 450-600 85,901
United States 8 79 427-566 8,227
West Germany 6 67 500-600 39,606
TOTAL 53 475 427-600 85,901

Table 2. Summary of tensile data sets used
Temperature
National Number of Number of
range
origin lots data
(°C)
Great Britain 19 118 20-500
Japan 9 90 22-550
United States 15 94 22-538
TOTAL 43 302 20-550
ANALYTICAL APPROACH
The analyses of both tensile and creep strength data in this investi
gation are based on the application of lot-centered regression techniques.
Booker and Booker1 detail the development of such techniques for applica
tions to these types of data, and Appendix A contains a step-by-step sum
mary of the methods.
CREEP DATA ANALYSIS
Initial analysis of the data was performed by a generalized

regression treatment12 of lot-centered data, as used in the previous
analysis1 of the data for type 321H stainless steel. In this step, all
data were treated together as a single population, regardless of strength
level, grade, deoxidation, heat treatment conditions, etc. It should be
noted, however, that the lot-centered approach preserves the individuality
of each lot, so that lots of differing strength can be combined with some
degree of flexibility.
We found the available creep-rupture data to be well represented by
log tp = Cfr- 3.656 log a - 0.02564T - 1.052 X 10-5To , (1)

where
tP = rupture life, h;
a = stress, MPa (1 ksi = 6.895 MPa); and
T = temperature, K.
All logarithms used in this report are base 10. The parameter Cfr is a
"lot constant" that reflects the relative strengths of different lots of
material, assuming that the stress and temperature dependence is the
same for all lots. (Examination of isothermal individual lot residual
plots showed this assumption to be a good one.) The average value of
Cft was 33.41. Equation (1) yielded a coefficient of determination (/?2)
of 91.7% when fit to 475 data for 54 lots of material. The "within-lot"
variance, Vw (in log tr), for this fit was 0.0532, and the "between-lot"
variance, VB, was 0.0667. Figures 1 through 10 illustrate the fit of this
equation compared with data for individual lots.
The minimum creep rate data were not judged to be sufficient to obtain
reliable results from a detailed analysis. Therefore, to obtain the best
possible estimates of creep strength, the creep rate data were normalized
to the corresponding creep rupture data by the method of Monkman and
Grant.13 Figure 11 illustrates this relationship, which is given by
-m = 3.6V1,0 • (2)
Thus, Eqs. (1) and (2) may be used together to yield predictions for
minimum creep rate as a function of stress, temperature, and lot-to-lot
variations in strength. Note that Fig. 11 contains considerable scatter,
especially for one set of data at 454°C for which the creep rates in long-
term tests are considerably below the values that would be predicted by
Eq. (2). This phenomenon could be due to the nonclassical shapes of the
creep curves observed10 for this lot of material. In light of the limited
amount of available creep rate data, the line in Fig. 11 was drawn in a
fashion that provides a good description of most of the data and that is
conservative (in terms of allowable stress estimation) for the remaining
data.
ORNL-DWG 81-12932
2.25Cr-iMo Steel N&T

Heat MAC
Oh
o-_
u
Temp (°C)
73
500 °
•b. 550 A
600 +
t>1
lrf lrf lCf ICf 104

Rupture Life (h)
Fig. 1. Comparison of experimental data and predicted creep-rupture
behavior for heat MAC of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
Solid lines represent average predicted behavior for this lot; dashed
lines represent average minus 1.65 within-lot standard errors.
ORNL-DWG 81-12933
2.25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

Heat MAE
PL,
-4->
f-, Temp (°C)
m
500 o
•b_ 550 A
600 +
... i i i iiiiii i i 11 iiii| 1

lrf It It lrf lrf lrf
Rupture Life (h)

behavior for heat MAE of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNL-DWG 81-12934
2J25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

Heat A7554
•b_
u Temp (Xl)
CO
500 °
550 A
800 +
I I I I Mill
lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf

Rupture Life (h)
behavior for heat A7554 of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNL-DWG 81-12935

Heat A8001
-ft
4)
Temp ("C)
500 o
550 A
+
600
•to-
jL,~f—i I I mill i i i hum—i i 11 iiii| i i i mill i i i mii| i* i i iiin|
fciif ti ib* ibr icT icf icT
Rupture Life (h)
behavior for heat A8001 of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNL-DWG 81-12936
2£5Cr-lMo Steel N&T

Heat 12A
•b.
0)
Temp (°C)
W
550 oA-
•b. 600 A
"t>"
I I I I llll| I Mil,
fc
lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf
Rupture Life (h)
behavior for heat 12A of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNL-DWG 81-12937
2.25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

Heat 13B
cd
8
•>->
U Temp (°C)
CO o
500
550 A
+
600
t>1
I I I I llll| I Illll| I I I I llll| I I I I llll|
lrf lrf lrf lrf 10*
Rupture Life (h)

behavior for heat 13B of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNL-DWG 81 12938

Heat 20017
•b.
CO
•b.
•b
, . i i i mii| i i i imi|—i i i iiiiii i i 11 ini| i i i imi|—
lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf
Rupture Life (h)

behavior for heat 20017 of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNL-DWG 81 12939

Heat BS-42
•b_
8
u Temp 0C) -..A
CO o
500
550 A
600 +
L | I I I I MM| I I I I llll| I I I I llll| I I I I llll| lfll| *l I I Mill

Rupture Life (h)

behavior for heat BS-42 of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
10
ORNL-DWG 81-12940

Heat Tm
•b.
u Temp ("C)
CO o
500
*b_ 550 A
600 +
"b-
I I I I Mll| I I I Mll|
h
lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf
Rupture Life (h)

behavior for heat D74 of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNL-DWG 81-12941

Heat D76
•b.
u Temp CC)
CO
500 o
•b. 550 A
600 +
"bi
i-i
Ml| I I I I II
h
Rupture Life (h)
behavior for heat D76 of normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
11
ORNL DWG 81 12927

10°
NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED

2'/. Cr-1 Mo STEEL
o 454°C
A 510°C
0 566°C
10a
RUPTURE LIFE (h)
Fig. 11. Relationship between rupture life and minimum creep rate
for normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel (four lots).
Figure 12 illustrates the relationship between the lot constant from

Eq. (1) (and thus the creep rupture strength) and room-temperature UTS for
individual lots. Creep strength tends to increase slightly with UTS,
especially at the higher UTS levels, but the correlation is too weak to
warrant estimation of different allowable stress levels for different UTS
levels.
Figure 13 compares the lot constants for individual lots on the basis
of national origin. Although some variations from country to country are
seen, given the number of lots for which data are available (and given the
ability of lot-centered regression to deal with strength variations) no
reason is apparent why the data from different countries cannot be
combined. The ASME normally has not used data from sources outside the
U.S. in establishing allowable stresses. However, in the present case,
addition of the foreign data makes a very important and substantial
contribution to the available data base. Moreover, the U.S. data fall
12
ORNL-DWG 81-12928
35.0
NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED 2% Cr-1 Mo STEEL
SYMBOL INDICATES NATIONAL ORIGIN OF DATA

A UNITED STATES
34.5 — O JAPAN
• FRANCE
A
D GREAT BRITAIN
• WEST GERMANY
A
34.0 -
O
o
6 O
o
A A
33.5 — t
°0
A ° 0<9^0 #° A
*>
o o n • °
33.0 —
D
•D A° * o
I I I I I I I I
500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680
ROOM-TEMPERATURE ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH (MPa)
Fig. 12. Relationship between room-temperature ultimate tensile

strength and creep-rupture lot constant for normalized and tempered
2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
ORNLDWG 81 12929
Q C/>
Ol LU
1- 1-
34.5
is
Z
<
•
oo >
Z z
LU z
O z
0 < < o <
o
M4(l a. i- z £
r-
< < cr
o ~~> cr LU
00
LL
y-
• <
cr
LU
0 LU
D
cr
h- o X e s
Q.
cr
33.5 o § @
1 ° OVERALL
cr
o
8 § ©
8
AVERAGE
O
33.0 8
8 §
Fig. 13. Comparison of creep-rupture lot constants obtained from
data of various national origins. Solid points indicate lots with room
temperature UTS greater than 620 MPa.
13
approximately in the midrange of all the data, so the foreign data intro
duce no apparent bias toward either higher or lower allowable stresses.
It appears advisable, then, to use the complete data base [as described by
Eqs. (1) and (2)] for the estimation of allowable stresses. Table 3 sum
marizes the predicted creep-rupture and creep strengths needed for such
estimation.
Table 3. Estimated creep and creep-rupture strengths of

normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel
Tempe r a t u r e 105.-h Creep-rupture strength, MPa (ki31) 10"5%/h Average

creep st:rength
(°C) (°F) Average13 Minimum 0,.67 x Average 0,.8 X Minimum

(MPa) (ksi)
427 800 240 (34.7) 200 (29.1) 160 (23.2) 160 (23.3) 201 29.2
454 850 189 (27.4) 155 (22.5) 127 (18.4) 124 (18.0) 156 22.6
482 900 145 (21.0) 117 (16.9) 97 (14.0) 94 (13.5) 117 17.0
510 950 108 (15.7) 85 (12.4) 72 (10.5) 68 (9.9) 86 12.5
5 38 1000 79 (11.5) 61 (8.8) 53 (7.7) 49 (7.0) 61 8.9
566 1050 56 (8.2) 42 (6.2) 38 (5.5) 34 (5.0) 43 6.2
aEstimated from a veraige lot constant.
TENSILE DATA ANALYSIS
The available yield and tensile strength data were analyzed by lot-
centered regression analysis of log strength as a function of temperature.
This approach is very similar to the commonly used "ratio technique,"^
and both methods involve the same assumptions^- about the relative behavior
of different heats (i.e., that plots of log strength against temperature
for different heats are parallel). The advantages of the lot-centered
regression technique are (1) more efficient use of available data, (2) less
emphasis on room-temperature strength, and (3) greater ease of implemen
tation by computer analysis.
The yield strength data summarized in Table 2 were described in this
procedure by
log Oy = Ch- 6.435 X lO'^T + 1.948 X 10~6T2 - 2.382 X 10-9r3 , (3)

14
where Oy = 0.2% offset yield strength (MPa) and T = temperature (°C).

Again C^ is a lot constant, now with an average value of 2.621, and
R2 = 81.6% for the fit to 302 data from 43 lots of material. The
"between-lot" variance, VB, was 0.00395 and "within-lot" variance, Vw,
was 0.000422.
The ultimate tensile strength data were described by
log au = Ch - 1.102 X IQ-^T + 4.704 X 10""6F2 - 6.084 X lO-9?3 , (4)
where au is the ultimate tensile strength and the other parameters are as
in Eq. (3). The average value of C/j was 2.780, and R2 = 88.4% for the fit
to the same 302 data; VB was 0.000706 and Vw was 0.000267.
Figures 14 and 15 illustrate the fits of the above equations to the
overall data sets for these two properties, and Fig. 16 compares the
ORNL-DWG 81-12942
2 l/4Cr-lMo Steel
Normalized and Tempered
a,
o""8?p—-...
—i— —I—
100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature (°C)
Fig. 14. Comparison of experimental data and predicted yield
strength values. Solid lines represent average predicted behavior; dashed
15
ORNL-DWG 81-12943
2 l/4Cr-lMo Steel
Normalized and Tempered
OX)
0) o
+J
d>
i—i
8s.
E-
0)
Id
a s-i
100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature (°C)
Fig. 15. Comparison of experimental data and predicted ultimate
tensile strength values. Solid lines represent average predicted
behavior; dashed lines represent average minus 1.65 within-lot standard
errors.
individual lot constants obtained for the lots of various national
origins. Again there is no apparent reason why the data from different
countries should not be combined.
Table 4 summarizes the predicted yield and ultimate tensile strength

values from the above analysis, both in terms of average behavior and in
terms of "minimum" behavior. In this case, "minimum" is determined by
normalizing the equations (though appropriate choice of lot constant) to
the specification room-temperature values: 310 MPa (45 ksi) for yield
strength and 517 MPa (75 ksi) for ultimate tensile strength.
16
ORNL-DWG 81-12930
2.88
Q CO l-Z
LU UJ
<<
LU p
2.84 —
ULTIMATE
SI <
DC —
O cc
CO
O
TENSILE
STRENGTH
0_
< 8
<
I-
c/) O o
Z
o
2.80 o
o
H OVERALL
o AVERAGE
8"
2.76 o
o
NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED
21/4 Cr-1 Mo STEEL
2.72 •O
2.90
2.80 YIELD
H STRENGTH
Z
<
z 2.70
o
o
_Q_ OVERALL
2.60 — AVERAGE
2.50 -O-
Fig. 16. Comparison of yield and ultimate tensile strength lot

constants obtained from data of various national origins.
Table 4. Predicted values of yield and ultimate tensile strengths
for normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel
Temperature Yie Id strength, MPa (ksi) Ultimate tensile strength , MPa (ksi)
(°C) (°F) Avejragea Minimum^ (2/3) X Minimum Average*3 Minimum^5 1.1 X minimum/4
24 75 404 (58.6) 310 (45.0) 207 (30.0) 570 (82.7) 517 (75.0) 142 (20.6)
38 100 397 (57.6) 305 (44.2) 203 (29.4) 555 (80.5) 503 (73.0) 138 (20.0)
93 200 376 (54.5) 288 (41.8) 192 (27.8) 516 (74.8) 468 (67.9) 129 (18.7)
149 300 363 (52.6) 278 (40.3) 185 (26.8) 501 (72.7) 454 (65.8) 125 (18.1)
2 04 400 355 (51.5) 272 (39.4) 181 (26.2) 500 (72.5) 454 (65.8) 125 (18.1)
2 60 500 349 (50.6) 268 (38.9) 179 (26.0) 506 (73.4) 459 (66.6) 126 (18.3)c
316 600 344 (49.9) 264 (38.3) 176 (25.5) 512 (74.2) 464 (67.3) 128 (18.6)c
371 7 00 338 (49.0) 259 (37.6) 173 (25.1) 510 (74.0) 462 (67.0) 127 (18.4)c
427 800 328 (47.6) 252 (36.5) 168 (24.4) 493 (71.5) 447 (64.8) 123 (17.8)
454 850 321 (46.6) 246 (35.7) 164 (23.8) 478 (69.3) 434 (62.9) 119 (17.2)
482 900 314 (45.5) 241 (35.0) 161 (23.4) 457 (66.3) 414 (60.0) 114 (16.5)
510 950 304 (44.1) 233 (33.8) 155 (22.5) 430 (62.4) 390 (56.6) 107 (15.5)
538 1000 293 (42.5) 225 (32.6) 150 (21.8) 399 (57.9) 362 (52.5) 100 (14.5)
566 1050 281 (40.8) 216 (31.3) 144 (20.9) 363 (52.6) 329 (47.7) 90 (13.0)
Êstimated from average lot constant.

Estimated by adjusting lot constant to yield specified minimum value at room temperature.
Âlthough these values in the range 260 to 371°C (500-700°F) exceed that at 204°C (400°F),
current ASME practice does not allow one to take advantage of such a strength increase with
temperature. Thus for allowable stress estimation these values were set at 125 MPa (18.1 ksi).
18
ALLOWABLE STRESSES
Table 5 compares the allowable stresses estimated by the rules

described above from results given in Tables 3 and 4 with the allowable
stresses currently given in ASME Code Section VIII, Division 1
(Table UCS-23) for 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo plate material (SA-387). The Class 1
designation refers to material with room-temperature specified yield and
tensile strengths of 207 MPa (30 ksi) and 414 MPa (60 ksi). The stresses
for this material (usually annealed) are shown for comparison only. The
Table 5. Estimated allowable design stress values for

normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel
Allowable stress value, MPa (ki3i)
Tempe rature Current ASME Code

Section VIII, Division 1
Controlling
(°C) (°F) for SA-387, Grade 22 Analysis'3
criterion*3
Class 1 Class 2
24 75 103 (15.0) 129 (18.7) 1

38 100 103 (15.0) 129 (18.7) 1
93 200 103 (15.0) 129 (18.7) 1
149 300 103 (15.0) 125 (18.1) 2
204 400 103 (15.0) 125 (18.1) 2
2 60 500 103 (15.0) 125 (18.1) 2
316 600 103 (15.0) 125 (18.1) 2
371 7 00 103 (15.0) 118 (17.2) 125 (18.1) 2
427 800 103 (15.0) 116 (16.9) 123 (17.8) 2
454 850 99 (14.4) 113 (16.4) 119 (17.2) 2
482 900 90 (13.1) 109 (15.8) 94 (13.6) 3
510 950 76 (11.0) 76 (11.0) 68 (9.9) 3
5 38 1000 54 (7.8) 52 (7.6) 49 (7.1) 3
566 1050 40 (5.8) 40 (5.8) 34 (4.9) 3
aEstimated from our analysis. Note, however, that allowable

stresses can only be established by the appropriate ASME Code
bodies and that factors other than data (such as service
experience) can influence those values.
°l = one-fourth of the room-temperature ultimate tensile
strength.
2 = 1.1 X one-fourth of the ultimate tensile strength at
temperature.
3 = 80% of the minimum stress for rupture in 100,000 h.
19
Class 2 material more closely resembles that used here, having the same
specified minimum room-temperature tensile properties, but the specifica
tion for that material does not include the 620 MPa (90 ksi) upper limit
on room-temperature ultimate tensile strength.
The "allowable stresses" estimated in the current analysis (only the
appropriate ASME Code bodies can actually set allowable stresses, of
course) are controlled by the room-temperature tensile strength up to
93°C (200°F), by the ultimate tensile strength at temperature from 149 to
454°C (300-850°F), and by the minimum stress for rupture in 100,000 h from
482 to 566°C (900-1050°F). The temperature range limitations of the
current data base did not allow estimation of allowable stresses at higher
temperatures.
Section VIII, Division 1 of the Code does not tabulate allowable
stresses for Class 2 material below 371°C (700°F). The stresses estimated
from the current data base fall somewhat above those given in the Code for
Class 1 material in this range, as expected. In the temperature range
371 through 454°C (700—850°F), where our estimates are still controlled by
tensile properties, they exceed those given in the Code for both Class 1
and 2 material. However, for temperatures from 482 to 566°C (900-1050°F),

where our estimates are controlled by creep-rupture properties, they fall
below the Code values for Class 2 material in every case. In the range
510 to 566°C (950-1050°F), our values also fall below the Code values for
Class 1 material (which in fact equal or exceed the values for Class 2
material in this range).
Several reasons can be postulated for the differences between our
estimated allowable stress values and those currently given in the Code.
These include the following.
1. The ASME Code bodies responsible for setting allowable stresses
give consideration (rightfully) to factors (such as service experience)
other than test data when determining the levels of those stresses.
Conceivably, such information was used in establishing the values for

this material (or at least can be used to justify those values now after
several years of use). Details concerning use of such information are not
immediately available, however, and it is beyond the scope of our analysis
20
to seek them out. (Our purpose is not to question the Code values. We
merely seek to obtain the most accurate possible analysis of the best
available set of test data.)
2. The ASME Code generally excludes foreign data from consideration

in setting allowable stresses. Therefore, our use of data from several
countries could have biased our results. Comparisons such as that shown
in Fig. 13, however, seem to indicate that no such bias exists.
3. Since the material specifications employed for setting allowable
stresses for the Code included no upper limit on strength their stresses
for Class 2 material could have been increased (relative to the present
estimate) by the influence of very strong (in terms of room-temperature
tensile properties) lots of material. Again, however, no information
regarding this possibility is currently available. Still, the fact that
allowable stresses for Class 2 material are equal to or below those for
Class 1 material seems to indicate that such an effect would not be large
if it existed at all. As for the Class 1 (annealed) material, another
recent study15 has indicated that such material in the temperature range
500 to 600°C may exhibit long-term rupture strength that is superior to
that of Class 2 (normalized and tempered) material.
4. The Code generally defines minimum in terms of average minus 1.65
"standard deviations" in log stress. The present method is similar in
concept, except that minimum behavior is predicted by using an offset of
1.65 standard errors (7g + Vy) in log time. The current definition of
standard error is felt to be more meaningful than the "standard deviation"
used by ASME, since the present definition recognizes directly that
variability occurs both from within-lot and between-lot sources and par
titions the variance accordingly, whereas the definition used by ASME does
not. The ASME definition implies a constant ratio between minimum and
average stress for a given rupture life, so that the ratio of minimum to
average rupture life for a given stress typically increases at higher
temperatures. Our method implies a constant ratio of minimum to average
rupture life for a given stress, so that the ratio of minimum to average
stress for a given rupture life typically decreases at higher temperatures.
As a result, the present method becomes more and more conservative rela
tive to the Code method as temperatures increase. Part of the difference
21
between the Code values for allowable stress and our estimates can be
traced to this source. However, as can be seen from Table 3, our
estimates would still be below the Code values under some conditions even
if they were based on average behavior only.
5. Because the Code values were set several years ago, and because
no foreign data were employed, the data base used in setting the Code
stresses was considerably smaller than that used here, and the longest
rupture times available for that analysis were far shorter than those
available in our analysis. Moreover, the analysis techniques available at
the time of the Code analysis were certainly less sophisticated than those
used here. Thus, our estimates may actually be simply more accurate than
those given in the Code. Service experience based on the Code stresses
has apparently been good, however, so there is no immediate indication
that those stresses are nonconservative. Still, the possibility that
better data bases and more modern analytical techniques can result in
changes in allowable stress estimates made from test data only is empha
sized by Table 6. Here, the Code Section VIII, Division 1 allowable
stress values and our estimated values are compared with 80% of the mini
mum stress to rupture in 10-> h for Class 1 material as given in Code Case
N-47 to Section III of the ASME Code. The Code Case N-47 analysis was
Table 6. Comparison of allowable stress criteria for

2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel from four sources
Allowable stress, MPa (ksi)
Temperature Current ASME Code Section VIII, orvo/

Division 1 allowable stresses 80/° of Minimum stress to rupture
(°C) (°F) for SA-387, Grade 22
From ASME Code Case From present
Class 1 Class 2 Case N_47<2 analysis
482 900 90 (13.1) 109 (15.8) 90 (13.1) 94 (13.6)
510 950 76 (11.0) 76 (11.0) 70 (10.1) 68 (9.9)
538 1000 54 (7.8) 52 (7.6) 52 (7.5) 49 (7.1)
566 1050 40 (5.8) 40 (5.8) 39 (5.6) 34 (4.9)
a
For material comparable to Class 1 from Section VIII, Division 1.
22
taken directly from Smith8 and was performed more recently than the
Section VIII analysis, presumably with a better data base. The N-47
values also fall below the corresponding (Class 1) Section VIII values in
the temperature range 510 to 566°C (950-1050°F).
In conclusion, we see no reason to believe that the results of our
analysis are overly conservative, even though our estimated allowable
stress values fall below those currently given in Section VIII, Division 1
of the ASME Code for either Class 1 or 2 SA-387 Grade 22 material in the
creep range.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Available data for normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel were
collected from American, Japanese, British, French, and German sources.
The primary selection criteria for including data from a given lot of
material in the collection were that the room-temperature yield strength
exceed 310 MPa (45 ksi) and that the room-temperature ultimate tensile
strength be in the range 517 to 620 MPa (75-90 ksi). Creep data obtained
at temperatures from 427 to 600°C (800-1112°F) were included, and tensile
data from room temperature to 550°C (1022°F) were used. Properties exa
mined included yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, 10^-h creep rup
ture strength, and 10_5%/h creep strength, because these are the
properties used in setting allowable stresses for Section VIIL, Division 1
of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The data were analyzed by
using lot-centered regression approaches that yielded analytical
expressions for the variations in the various properties and as well
accounted for lot-to-lot variations in properties. Specific conclusions
from these analyses follow.
1. Systematic differences in properties for data from the five dif
ferent countries were not clearly indicated for any of the properties
examined.
2. Creep-rupture strength appeared to be only weakly correlated with

room-temperature ultimate tensile strength, and then only in the upper
range of the tensile strengths examined.
23
3. Our estimated allowable stresses were controlled by ultimate ten

sile strength in the range from room temperature through 454°C (850°F) and
by creep-rupture strength from 482 to 566°C (900-1050°F). The data used
were not felt to be appropriate for estimating allowables stresses at
higher temperatures.
4. The estimated allowable stresses obtained from our analysis fell

slightly below those currently given in Section VIII, Division 1 of the
Code for either annealed or normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel.
Several possible reasons were cited for the differences, and we concluded
that our results are not overly conservative. On the other hand, there is
no direct evidence that the current Code allowable stresses are insuf
ficiently conservative, since those stresses rely on factors (such as ser
vice experience) in addition to experimental data. Analysis of
experimental data alone indicates that consideration should be given to
lowering the Code allowable stresses, but these additional factors (which
were not considered in this investigation) may indicate otherwise.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank J. P. Hammond and V. K. Sikka for reviewing

the manuscript, Sigfred Peterson for editing, and P. T. Thornton for pre
paring the report for final publication.
REFERENCES
1. M. K. Booker and B.L.P. Booker, "New Methods for Analysis of

Materials Strength Data for the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code," Use of Computers in Managing Material Property Data, MPC-14,
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1980,
pp. 31—64.
2. National Research Institute for Metals, Data Sheets on the
Elevated-Temperature Properties of Normalized and Tempered
2.25 Cr-1 Mo Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels (SCMV 4 NT), NRIM
Creep Data Sheet 11A, Tokyo, 1980.
24
3. Data privately supplied by Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.,

Amagasaki, Japan, 1975.
4. T. Tahara and Y. Murakami, "An Evaluation of Creep Rupture Strength

of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel," unpublished report from The Japan Steel
Works, Ltd., Myroran, Japan, 1978.
5. W. Ruttmann and P. Opel, "The Present Position in German Creep Tests
on Standard Creep-Resistance Steels," High Temperature Properties of
Steels, ISI Publication 97, The Iron and Steel Institute, London,
1967.
6. L'Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Franfaise, Results of High

Temperature Creep Rupture Tests on French Steels, Saint-Germain-en-Laye,
France, 1972.
7. British Steelmakers Creep Committee, BSCC High Temperature Data, Iron

and Steel Institute, London, 1973.
8. G. V. Smith, Supplemental Report on the Elevated-Temperature
Properties of Chromium-Molybdenum Steels (An Evaluation of
2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel), Data Series Publication DS 6S2, American
Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1971.
9. G. V. Smith, "Elevated Temperature Strength and Ductility of
Quenched and Tempered 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel," Current Evaluation of
2 1/4 Chrome 1 Molybdenum Steel in Pressure Vessels and Piping,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1972, pp. 1—31.
10. R. L. Klueh, "The Relationship Between Rupture Life and Creep
Properties of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel," Nuol. Teohnol. 26: 287-96
(1975).
11. R. L. Klueh, Effect of Carbon on the Mechanical Properties of

2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel, ORNL-4922, November 1973.
12. M. K. Booker, "Use of Generalized Regression Models for the Analysis
of Stress-Rupture Data," Characterization of Materials for Service at
Elevated Temperatures, MPC-7, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, New York, 1978, pp. 459-99.
13. F. C. Monkman and N. J. Grant, "An Empirical Relationship Between
Rupture Life and Minimum Creep Rate in Creep-Rupture Tests," Proc.
Am. Soc. Test. Mater. 56: 593-605 (1956).
25
14. G. V. Smith, "Evaluation of Elevated Temperature Strength Data," 1969

Gillette Memorial Lecture, J. Mater. 4(4): 878-908 (1969).
15. R. L. Klueh and M. K. Booker, An Assessment of Normalized and
Tempered Versus Annealed or Isothermally Annealed 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo
Steel, ORNL/TM-6411, August 1978.
27
Appendix A
LOT-CENTERED REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Tensile Data
Yield and tensile strength are often expressed as simple polynomial

functions of temperature:
N
5=1 biT* , (Al)
i=0
where
S = the predicted yield or tensile strength,

T = temperature, and
£>£ = constants whose values are estimated by regression or other

techniques.
In essence, the ratio technique involves an implicit assumption that dif

ferent heats display parallel curves of log strength versus temperature.
As a first step toward implementing this assumption in a direct data fit,
Eq. (Al) can be rewritten as
N
log 5 = I b^T1 . (A2)
t=0
This equation is not equivalent to Eq. (Al) but would be expected to

describe the data equally well.
Next, one employs a technique of centering the data for each lot, as
has been reported for creep data by Sjodahl. The equation thus becomes
toT^J -log Sh = Ib\{T{. -Ti) ,

t=l
(A3)
28
where the barred symbols represent average values of each variable for
each lot. The index i again refers to the power of temperature, j refers
to the particular test, and h refers to the particular lot. Equation (A3)
can be arranged as
log 5^. =lo-g Sh + Ib^. - I b'ji , (A4)
or as
1°^-= \°*\~ IfA)+ l^h ' (A5)

Note that the quantity in parentheses is a constant (C^) for a given lot.
The other term on the right side of the equation is a function of tem
perature but not of lot. Thus, a fit of Eq. (A3) to the available data
will yield for the different lots predictions that are parallel in log S
versus T but have different intercept values. These intercept values are
determined by a regression fit to all data, not merely by the room-
temperature strength as in the ratio technique. In fact, lots for which
no room-temperature data at all are available can be included in the lot-
centered analysis. Such lots would, of course, have to be excluded from

the ratio analysis. Note that since each lot has its own intercept, no
explicit intercept term is required in the model in Eq. (A3).
If the assumption of log S versus T parallelism is not met, plots of
strength ratio against temperature emphasize effects that cause the lack
of parallelism. Likewise, residual plots of (log S— log S) against T

from the above regression technique will point up such effects (log S is
the log observed strength, log S is the log predicted strength). The
regression technique can be used to determine a statistically defined
average or minimum curve (see below), or these predictions can be keyed to
29
room-temperature values as in the ratio technique. Thus, the technique

presented here includes all the advantages of the ratio technique but
avoids its major disadvantages. However, this technique is suited only to
computer analysis — not to manual analysis.
Creep Data
First assume that the logarithm of rupture life (log tp)* has been
chosen as the dependent variable for the analysis. Label log tv as Y.
Now assume that Y can be expressed as a linear function (in the regression
sense) of terms involving stress (a) and temperature (T). Label these
terms as X^. In general form we thus have
N
h" I aiXiK » (A6)
t=0
where the a^ are constants estimated by regression and Y% is the predicted

value of log rupture life at the Kth level of the independent or predictor
variables, X^. Note that Xq is always unity and that Oq is a constant
intercept term.
As the next step, each variable (Y and all X) is "lot centered," and
the equation becomes
_ N _
hh ~ Yh = I HîKh - Xih> ' (A7)
i=l
where the barred variables represent average values for a given lot and h
represents the index of the lot involved. The prediction of log rupture
life itself will then be given by
The debate that has sometimes arisen over this choice is not central
to the results obtained and will not be discussed here. The authors
frankly do not feel that there is any legitimate question over the choice
of dependent'variable in this context.
30
_ N - N
?Kh = ?h~ I aixih + I ai*iKh ' (A8)
i=\ i=l
N
The quantity Yfo — I aixih *s a constant for a given heat and replaces
i=l
the intercept term an in the uncentered analysis. Thus, each lot will have
a different intercept term, but all other coefficients a\ will be common to
all lots. (There is no separate a~Q term, because it would be superfluous.)
Lot centering the data involves no complicated mathematics and can be
done by anyone who can add, subtract, and divide. However, for large data
sets these simple operations can become quite tedious, and the centering
is best done by computer. Implications of lot centering are also
straightforward, although a first glance at Eq. (A8) can leave one lost in
a maze of variables and subscripts.
As pointed out above, different lots are treated as having different
intercept values, but all other equation constants are lot-independent.
Thus, all lots vary similarly with the independent variable, but any two
lots will always be separated by a constant increment in log tp space.
This assumption of parallelism may or may not be a good one in any given
case.
If any lot is represented by a single datum, all lot-centered

variables will be zero, and that lot will not contribute to establishment
of stress and temperature dependence, although it will contribute to the

calculation of average and minimum values as described below. If all data
for a given lot occur at a single temperature, all pure temperature
variables will be zero, and that lot will not contribute to the estimation
of temperature dependence. Thus, lot-to-lot variation is addressed directly

and vulnerability of the method to poorly distributed data is minimized.
Use of lot-centered models to predict average and minimum behavior is
described in detail below. Suffice it to say here that the method certainly
presents an estimate of the average far more reliable than that obtained
from fitting the entire data base as a single population without regard to
lot-to-lot variations. In its ability to separate the within-lot and
between-lot variances, the method also offers superior possibilities for
the estimation of minima.
31
The particular model form to use can be selected exactly as previously

described by Booker.2 Details of the model selection procedure will not be
repeated here except to reemphasize the power and flexibility of the tech
niques involved. Literally tens of thousands of potential models can be
explored and then reduced to a handful and finally to one with a minimum
of tedium for the analyst. Some judgment is still involved, but that is
considered more asset than liability. Any method relying strictly on com
puterized calculations without the opportunity for appropriate human
intervention is dangerous at best.
The analyst makes several decisions along the way, but all actual
computations are performed by machine. The final result is a single
equation with perhaps three or four regression constants.
Calculation of Average and Minimum Strength by Regression on

Lot-Centered Data
As described in the text, fitting a multilot set of creep-rupture

data by use of lot-centered regression can yield results that accurately
portray the stress and temperature dependences of the material under
consideration. Predictions also include different intercept values to
yield different strength levels for different lots or heats of material
for which data are available. This section illustrates how an average
strength level can also be predicted by the analysis. Finally, aspects of
the method that lend themselves to accurate determination of minimum
values are discussed, although detailed methods of defining minima are

beyond the scope of this investigation. Results are discussed within the
framework of rupture data because the models are more general. However,
all discussions herein are equally applicable to tensile or any other data
treated by this method.
First, return to Eq. (A7),
__ N _
hh~Yh = iHîKh- xih) • <A7>
i=l
Here the barred variables represent simple arithmetic average values for a
given lot of index h. The index i refers to the term in the model and K to
32
the particular datum within lot h. Equation (A7) is fit to the data as
written, with Y^ — Y^ as the dependent variable, where Y%n is the experi
mental value of log tp. However, because Yfa is a known constant for a
given lot, all the error in prediction is in the estimation of Y^. Thus,
when Eq. (A7) is fit to data by least squares and the a£ are determined,
the total "error" in fitting the model can be described by a residual sum
of squares RSS, given by
H M
RSS = I I (YKh~ *Kh>2 • (A9)

h=l K=l
If there are n data total, RSS has a number of degrees of freedom df,
given by
df = n - N - H , (A10)
where N is the number of terms in the model and H is the number of lots
(and thus the number of lot averages involved in the fitting).

By separating different lots through their different lot constants,
this method attempts to describe only within-lot variations in behavior.
No between-lot differences have been modeled at this point. Thus, the
variance defined by the fit is an estimate of the pooled within-lot
Variance Vw,
Vw = RSS/df . (All)
Equation (A7) can now be transformed to Eq. (A8),
N $
YKh =Yh ~ laixih + I HxiKh (A8)
" i=\ t=l
33
or
YKh = ch + I aiXikH ' (A12)

i=l
where the differences in behavior of different lots are now explicitly

defined in terms of the lot constants Cn, where
N
Ch = Yh~ I aixih • (A13)
i=l
Because Cn is a single constant for a given lot, estimation of average

behavior consists only of estimating the average lot constant C^. Two methods
immediately suggest themselves. First, one might choose to define ~C^ as the
arithmetic mean of the Cfo. Indeed, if the between-heat variability is much
larger than the within-lot variability, such an approach would be justified.
However, if the amount of within-lot variability is significant, the esti
mates of Cft will contain some error. Lots with more data will have a
better estimate of Cn than will lots with fewer data. Thus, not all lots
should be weighted equally.
Perhaps each lot should be weighted according to the number of data
available for that lot. This approach is correct only if the within-lot
variability is much larger than the between-lot variability. If not, this
procedure (which weights each test equally) is not valid, because no one
lot is necessarily more "important" in the collection of lots available,
even if it is represented by more data.
A possible solution comes from the work of Mandel and Paule,^ who
studied variations in behavior caused by measurements of chemical variables
at different laboratories. After Sjodahl,1 we extrapolate Mandel's lab-
to-lab variation results to our lot-to-lot variation data. Following this
approach, we find that the C/j for each lot should be given a weight w^ of
34
Wh = kh/(kh\ + 1) , (A14)
where kn is the number of data for lot h and X is VB/VW, where VB is the
between-lot variance for the lots involved. Knowing the appropriate weights,
Cn can be calculated by
H H
Ch ' I Ch^hl I wh • (A15)
fc-1 h=l
Unfortunately, the w^ cannot be estimated at this point because VB and thus X

are unknown. As a result, we have one equation in two unknowns, and a solution
can be obtained only by iterative techniques. However, such techniques are
easily implemented by computer.

Mandel and Paule^ present an iterative technique, which does indeed
result in a solution for both Cfa and VB. Our experiment is that results are
obtained typically after only three or four iterations. Sjodahll has
reported similar quick convergence to a solution. The result is probably
the most fairly weighted estimate of average behavior obtainable by any
technique proposed to this point.
Note also that by the direct separation of the variability into its
two components VB and Vw, this method also yields better estimates of
error than could be obtained by estimates of error that are a mixture of
within-lot and between-lot variability, with no clear meaning. Because

variance estimation is central to the estimation of any statistical limit,
regression on lot-centered data thus also opens the way for superior tech
niques to estimate these limits.
References
1. L. H. Sjodahl, "A Comprehensive Method of Rupture Data Analysis with

Simplified Models," pp. 501—15 in Characterization of Materials for
Service at Elevated Temperatures, MPC-7, American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1978.
35
2. M. K. Booker, "Use of Generalized Regression Models for the Analysis

of Stress-Rupture Data," pp. 459—99 in Characterization of Materials
for Service at Elevated Temperatures, MPC-7, American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1978.
3. J. Mandel and R. C. Paule, "Interlaboratory Evaluation of a Material
with Unequal Numbers of Replicates," Anal. Chem. 42: 1194-97 (1970);
corrected in Anal. Chem. 43: 1287 (1971).
37
Appendix B
DATA LISTING
This appendix presents computer printouts of the following:
Characterization of Lots of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel
Chemical Composition of Lots of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel

Tensile Data
Creep Data
38
CHARACTERIZATION OF LOTS OF 2 1/4CR-1M0 STEEL
LOT *HEAT PRODUCT PRODUCT SOURCE

TREATMENT FORM SIZE CODE
(MM>
075 N(925C,0.5HI,T(775C,0.5HI TUBE 36800X23 IRSID-FRA
12A N(930C,2HI,T(750Ct2H» ROUND 25 ISI97,131
12B N(1030C.2Ht,T(750C,2H» ROUND 25 ISI97.131
13B N(950C,30MIN»AC,T(750C,2HIAC SQUARE 20X20 ISI97.131
20 N(940C,20MTN»,T(750C,40MIN» ISI97.131
2C N(9lOC,20MINt,T(750C,lH» SOUAPE 20 ISI97,131
35E2135 NC92 0C6HI ,T(700C,8HI ,FC*«»WHt FORGING 200 JSW
40K205 N(920C),T<750CI PLAT 48 JSW
40K210 N(920C»,T(750CJ PLATE 48 JSW
40K220 N(920O,T(750C» PLATE 48 JSW
43K830 920C,10H,675C,16H,675r,16H FORGING 187 JSW
44K2158 N(920C,1.5HI,T(730C,1.5HJ PLATc 25 JSW
45K2436 920C,8H,66 0,8H,620,62H,695,27H PLATE 166 JSW
45K2643 900C,8H,66 0,9H,620,62H,695,27H PLATE 166 JSW
45K2653 910C,8H,6 60,7H,620t62H,695,2 7H PLATE 166 JSW
45K3088H 930C,5H,630C,2H,665C,30H FORGING 200 JSW
60165 920C,7H,650,7H,620,62H,685.27H PLATE 163 JSW
7A NJ975C5HI ,T(760C,12HI TUBE 35500X40 ISI97,131
A7095 N(92 0C,10MIN»,T(720C,45MINI TUBE 6000 X 8 SUMITOMO
A75 54 N«9 20C.10MINJ,T{720C,45MIN> TUBE 6000 X 8 SUMITOMO
A 7959 N(92 0CtlOMINI,T(720C,45MIN» TUBE 6000 X 8 SUMITOMO
A8001 N(920C,10MIN),t<720C45MIN» TUBE 6 000 X 8 SUMITOMO
BS-104 FORGING BSCC
8S-105 N<950C»,T(700CI FORGING BSCC
BS-109 N(1025C»,T(675C» BAR 25 BSCC
BS-113 N(1025C),T(675C> FORG.BLOOM BSCC
BS-116 N(1025CI,T(675C» FORGED HDR BSCC
* T=TEMPEPEO; N=NOPMALIZED; FC=FURNACE COOLED;

AC=«IP COOLED; PWHT=POSTWELD HFAT TREATMENT
39
CHARACTERIZATION OF L"TS OF 2 1/4CP-1M0 STEEL

TREATMENT FORM SIZE COOE
(MMI
BS-123 N(900/960Ct,T(700C1 TUBE 0-10 BSCC
BS-124 N(900/960C»,T(700C» TUBE 0-10 BSCC
BS-138 N(900/960Ct,T(690C» TUBE 25.5 BSCC
BS-139 N(900/960C),T(690C1 TUBE 25.5 BSCC
BS-142 N(960CI,T(690C! TUBE 50.7 BSCC
BS-155 N(950C,lHt,T(680C,2H1 BAR 22 BSCC
BS-158 N(9506,1H),t(680C,2H) BAR 19 BSCC
BS-162 N(950C,IHJ,T(680C,2H> BAR 19 BSCC
BS-25 N(920/950Ct,T(750C» TUBE 7.6 BSCC
BS-31 N(940CJ,t(700C,4H! TUBE 104 BSCC
BS-38 N(920/950CJ,T(750C> TUBE 7.5 BSCC
BS-41 N<920/950CI,T(750CI TUBE 8.7 BSCC
BS-42 N(920/950CI,T(750C» TUBE 9.5 BSCC
BS-48 N(920/950C),T(750C> TUBE 7 BSCC
BS-50 N(1020CI,T(675C,14H1 TUBE 38.1 BSCC
073 718 N(92 0CflOMIN»,T(720C,45MINI TUBE 60OD X 8 SUMITOMO
D73967 N<920C,10MINI,T(720C,45MINI TUBE 6000 X 8 SUMITOMO
0 73992 N(920<"tl0M IN I,T(720Ct45MINl TUBE 600D X 8 SUMITOMO
074 N(925C,0.5H),T(775C,0.5H) TUBE 2730D X 18 IRSIO-FRA
076 N(925C,0.5H|,T(775C,0.5HI TUBE IRSID-FRft
077 N(925C,0.5HI,T(775C,0.5HI TUBE IPSID-FPA
078 N(925C,0.5H),T(775C,0.5HJ TUBE IRSIO-FRA
079 N(925C,0.5Ht,T(775C,0.5HJ TUBE IRSID-FRA
080 N(925C,0.5HI,T(775Ct0.5Ht TUBE IRSIO-FRA
F63 N(980C»,T<725C.4H) TUBE FORG. IRSID-FRA
KB-151 N(927C,1HJ,AC,TJ704C,1HJ POD 22 ORNL-4922
MS9 930C,lH,AC*740r,2H,AC»-700C,4 PLATE 72 NRIM 11A
* T=TEMPEREO; N=NOPMALIZEO; FC=FURNACE COOLED;

AC=BIP CO"LEO; PWHT=PPSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
40
CHARACTERIZATION OF LOTS OF 2 1/4CR-1M0 STEEL

TREATMENT FORM SIZE CODE
(MMI
MAC 930C,1H,AC«-740C,2H, AC*700C,4 PLATE 100 NRIM HA
MAD 930C,IH,AC+750C,2H,AC«-700C,2.5 PLATE 62 NRIM HA
*AE 920C3.5H, AC»7 20C,5H,AC*710C,5 PLATE 63 NRIM HA
MAP 920C,6H,AC«-740C,8H,AC*720C,8H PLATE 108 NRIM HA
F-108 N(940C1,T(704CJ PLATE 51 DS6S2
P-ll N(927CI,T(718CI,T(690CI PLATE 105 DS6S2
P-12 N(927CI,T(718C),t(690CI PLATE 105 0S6S2
P-15F Q(954CJ,A(718CI PLATE 102 DS6S2
P-25 N(954CI,T(704C I PLATE 152 0S6S2
°-27 N(927C),T(704CI PLATE 159 0S6S2
P-?8 N(954CI,T(704CI PLATE 159 DS6S2
P-31A N(954CI,T(738CI PLATE 159 DS6S2
°-3IB N(954C),T(771CI PLATE 159 DS6S2
P-42 0(968CJ,t(571C),t(690C,15HJ PLATE 190 0S6S2
P-45 0(954CI,T(732CI PLATE 190 0S6S2
P-51 Q(954C),T(704C1 PLATE 0S6S2
P-9A N(940CJ,T(677CJ PLATE 25 DS6S2
P-9B N(940CI,T(704CI PLATE 25 DS6S2
P°20205A 920C,6H,6 50C,6H,690C,2 5H PLATE 20 JSW
OR202 05e 920C,6H,6 50Ci6H,690C,25H PLATE 20 JSW
PR202 0 5C 920Ct6H,650C,6H,690C,25H PLATE 20 JSW
SH/F" 920C,10H,660C,7H,690C,24H FORGING 149 JSW
* T=TEVPEPE0; N=NORMALIZED; FC=FURNACE COOLED;

AC=AIR COOLED: PWHT=POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
41
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF L"TS OF 2 1/4CR-1M0 STEEL

CONTENT, WT. T
c
LOT MN p SI CR NI MO CU
13B .10 .45 013 .015 .35 2.37 .007 1.04 .13
20 .11 .48 021 .01 .25 2.43 .98
--bap—
BS-109 .12 .48 010 .023 .27 2.10 .32 1.01
BS-155 .11 .47 012 .016 .13 2.38 .19 .97 .10
BS-15 8 .09 .43 015 .034 .14 2.26 .18 .94 .15
8S-162 .09 .53 012 .018 .16 2.29 .26 .95 .14
—FO°GEO BLM
BS-113 .12 .'7 .013 .020 .20 2.44 .90 .11
— pop GEO HOR-

*S-U6 .12 .47 .012 .018 .25 2.38 .15 .90 .11
—FORGING—
35E213 .14 .50 .013 .007 .28 2.37 1.05
5
43K830 .15 .56 014 .013 .28 2.37 1.01
45K308 .13 .49 009 .006 .26 2.31 .96
8H
8S-104 .13 .38 022 .026 .20 2.29 .09 1.08 .09
BS-105 .15 .51 019 .025 .28 2.37 .22 1.06 .10
SH/FP .14 .54 013 .009 .14 2.48 1.04
~PL«TE—
40K205 .11 .42 ,019 .011 .25 2.12 .98
40K210 .11 .46 ,015 .016 .27 2.12 .97
40K220 .13 .48 ,013 .015 .26 2.18 .96
44K215 .09 .58 ,013 .Oil .22 2.12 .90
8
45K243 .15 .53 ,010 .007 .28 2.30 .28 1.00
6
45K264 .15 ,010 .007 .28 2.35 .28 1.02
3
45K265 .15 .58 007 .008 .29 2.33 1.02
3
60165 .14 .56 010 .007 .22 2.28 1.00
MSB .12 .48 013 .006 .26 2.00 .06 .96 .08 014 .0096
MAC .12 .48 015 .007 .29 .220 .05 .99 .07 017 .0095
MAO .13 .44 017 .010 .30 2.37 .09 .91 .05 017 .0108
MAE .1 5 .61 015 .015 .27 2.35 .32 .96 .0 2 012 .0086
MAF .15 .63 015 .016 .18 2.23 .24 .97 .20 010 .0083
P-108 .14 .41 010 .022 .24 2.48 .98
P-ll .12 .41 010 .017 .21 2.18 .95
P-12 .13 .42 017 .020 .27 2.29 .91
P-15E .15 .40 013 .020 .32 2.39 .23 .96 .25 .318
°-25 .14 .47 007 .015 .40 2.40 1.02
P-27 .13 .43 008 .015 .34 2.38 .22 1.08
P-28 .12 .45 .40 2.25 1.00
P-31A .14 .54 .42 2.44 .23 1.02
P-31B .14 .54 .42 2.44 .23 1.02
—PLAÊ—
P-42 .12 .43 010 .018 .26 2. 34 .20 .98

P-45 .14 .51 013 .016 .27 2.27 .96
P-51 .14 .42 ,010 .022 .15 2.21 .92
p-g» .13 .57 ,010 .020 .19 2.42 .90
P-9P .13 .57 ,010 .020 .19 2.42 .90
PS2020 .16 .51 014 .019 .24 2.40 .97
5A
PP2020 .16 .61 .016 .021 .30 2.40 .97
58
PR2020 .16 .73 .011 .017 .47 2.40 1.00
5C
—POO—
KB-151 .12 .0096 .015 .40 2.20 .21 .91
--POUND--
12A .11 .54 .25 2.52 1.05
12B .11 .54 .25 2.52 1.05
— <QUARE~
2C ,12 .45 .013 .011 .56 2.39 .89 .008
42
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LOTS OF 2 1/4CR-1M0 STEEL

CONTENT, WT.
WT X
LOT C MN P S SI CR NI MO CU AL N
—TUBE--
°75 -10 .475 .013 .018 .36 3.30 .10 .965 .135
7S -15 .57 .018 .016 .41 2.31 <.15 1.09 .16 .009
»7095 .10 .47 .018 .012 .36 2.16 .92 .12 .002 .0106
—TUBE—
A7554 .12 .50 .019 .012 .40 2.10 .91 .09 .002 .0112
A7959 .14 .50 .020 .008 .33 2.30 .99 .10 .001 .0126
A8001 .11 .49 .022 .010 .35 2.01 .91 .10 .003 .0100
BS-123 .12 .53 .019 .018 .21 2.28 .13 .99 .19
8S-124 .11 .45 .018 .012 .16 2.05 .11 1.02 .15
8S-13B .13 .53 .018 .015 .16 2.08 .14 1.03 .09
8S-139 .16 .59 .018 .011 .25 2.26 .06 1.01 .09
8S-142 .15 .52 .024 .023 .18 1.05 1.05
BS-25 .08 .46 .014 .013 .31 2.28 .19 .98 .13
BS-31 .12 .52 .028 .036 .24 2.24 .29 1.07 .15
BS-38 .11 .53 .013 .017 .30 2.30 .16 1.03 .13
9S-41 .11 .53 .020 .014 .30 2.24 .24 .96 .10
BS-42 .11 .45 .011 .017 .20 2.40 .18 .97 .12
BS-48 .12 .52 .016 .012 .35 2.27 .22 1.02 .16
8S-50 .10 .45 .020 .020 .26 2.28 .23 1.02 .11
073718 .11 .51 .Oil .008 .42 2.17 .95 .10 .002 .0098
D73967 .11 .43 .012 .007 .44 2.12 .99 .10 .002 .0116
073992 .11 .48 .010 .007 .36 2.26 .94 .09 .0106
074 .075 .39 .013 .012 .365 2.02 .14 .945 .085
076 .075 .42 .012 .011 .395 2.39 .10 .96 .120
077 .095 .41 .012 .015 .33 2.30 .08 1.00 .120
078 .105 .445 .012 .011 .41 2.25 .08 .87 .105
079 .095 .475 .014 .014 .425 2.15 .085 1.04 .115
080 .105 .46 .013 .012 .42 2.08 .085 1.01 .110
—TUBE FRGNG—
c63 .12 .45 .016 .006 .20 2.38 .91
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44
2 1/4CR-•!W STEEL
TENSILE DATA
LGT TEMPERAT(jpc YIELD ULTIHATE TOTAL REDUCTION

NUMBER (C» STRENGTH TENSILE ELONGATION OF AREA
(MPAI STRENGTH (?1 m
(MPAI
P-27 316. 430.0 556.0 21.00 71.00
P-27 343. 434.0 565.0 20.00 66.00
P-27 371. 440.0 575.0 20.00 66.00
P-27 399. 429.0 563.0 20.00 66 .00
P-27 427. 417.0 545.0 21.00 68.00
P-27 454. 417.0 534.0 21.00 64.00
P-27 482. 409.0 499.0 23.00 72.00
P-27 510. 394.0 ^ 86.0 23.00 75.00
P-27 538. 397.0 462.0 24.00 76.00
P-28 25. 434.0 538.0 26.00 73.00
P-28 371. 312.0 467.0 21.00 70.00
P-42 22. 490.0 615.0 24.00 66.00
P-42 427. 398.0 482.0 19.50 65.00
P-42 538. 367.0 339.0 22.50 65.00
P-45 22. 496.0 620.0 29.00 76.00
P-45 93. 466.0 582.0 29.00 78.00
P-45 204. 454.0 556.0 25.00 75.00
P-45 316. 438.0 560.0 22.00 72.00
P-45 371. 408.0 558.0 23.00 69.00
P-45 427. 389.0 531.0 23.00 72.00
P-45 482. 381.0 505.0 24.00 73.00
P-45 538. 331 .0 438.0 28.00 76.00
P-51 22. 418.0 565.0 28.00 72.00
P-51 204. 375.0 A 83.0 23.00 71.00
P-51 316. 369.0 460.0 21.00 69.00
P-51 371. 362.0 462.0 21.00 66.00
P-51 427. 350.0 454.0 21.00 68.00
P-51 482. 339.0 427.0 21.00 69.00
P-51 538. 324.0 396.0 24.00 72.00
P-9A 22. 516.0 620.0 28.00 72.00
P-9A 399. 387.0 472.0 21.00 73.00
P-9A 454. 350.0 473.0 22.00 71.00
P-9A 510. 328.0 396.0 26.00 76.00
P-98 22. 464.0 597.0 29.00 72.00
P-9B 399. 321.0 4 74.0 23.00 68.00
P-9B 454. 332.0 483.0 24.00 71.00
P-9B 510. 307.0 371.0 30.00 76.00
A7095 22. 379.0 559.0 34.00 75.00
A7095 100. 355.0 523.0 31.70 79.80
A7095 150. 327.0 500.0 30.70 78.20
A7095 200. 324.0 496.0 27.30 76.60
A7095 250. 316.0 507.0 25.00 76.60
A7095 300. 327.0 526.0 20.00 73.30
A7095 350. 331.0 540.0 23.30 71.60
A7095 400. 304.0 523.0 25.70 69.80
A7095 450. 303.0 497.0 28.70 73.30
A7095 500. 307.0 457.0 30.00 76.60
A7554 22. 412.0 587.0 31.30 75.00
45
2 1/4CR-•1M0 STEEL
TENSILE DATA
LOT TEMPERATURE YIELD ULTIMATE TOTAL REDUCTION

NUMBER (CJ STRENGTH TENSILE ELONGATION OF AREA
(MPA1 STRENGTH m (*»
(MPAI
A7554 100. 401.0 561.0 27.70 79.80
A7554 150. 381.0 544.0 30.70 78.20
A7554 200. 362.0 533.0 25.00 76.60
A7554 250. 348.0 545.0 25.CO 76.fO
A7554 300. 346.0 551.0 22.30 71.60
A7554 350. 334.0 566.0 24.30 71.60
A7554 400. 335.0 551.0 25.70 69.70
A7554 450. 324.0 515.0 29.00 73.30
A7554 500. 308.0 461.0 32.00 78.20
A8001 22. 3 86.0 546.0 33.70 76.60
A8001 100. 361. C 515.0 30.00 79.80
A8001 150. 354.0 504.0 31.30 78.20
A8001 200. 341.0 498.0 28.30 78.20
A8001 250. 335.0 514.0 22.70 75.00
A8001 300. 316.0 531.0 21.00 73.30
A8001 350. 313.0 545.0 24.30 71.60
A8001 400. 299.0 524.0 26.70 71.60
A8001 450. 292.0 497.0 27.70 73.30
A8001 500. 276.0 453.0 31.30 76.60
BS-25 20. 332.0 526.0 30.00
BS-25 200. 275.0 449.0 26.00
BS-25 300. 255.0 452.0 26.00
BS-25 400. 245.0 466.0 26.00
BS-25 500. 227.0 419.0 29.00
BS-31 20. 460.0 583.0 24.00

BS-31 200. 419.0 520.0 20.00
BS-31 300. 418.0 514.0 21.00
BS-31 400. 401.0 514.0 18.00
BS-31 500. 376.0 457.0 24.00
BS-38 20. 357.0 556.0 26.00
BS-38 200. 299.0 477.0 26.00
BS-38 300. 306. C 478.0 24.00
BS-38 400. 294.0 488.0 24.00
BS-38 500. 277.0 445.0 25.00
BS-42 20. 314.0 558.0 27.00
BS-42 200. 324.0 4 89.0 25.00
BS-42 300. 329.0 510.0 20.00
BS-42 400. 332.0 544.0 21.00
BS-42 500. 327.0 496.0 24.00
BS-48 20. 318.0 522.0 27.00
BS-48 200. 272.0 512.0 22.00
BS-48 300. 255.0 591.0 17.00
BS-48 400. 260.0 605.0 21.00
BS-48 500. 263.0 510.0 24.00
8S-50 20. 457.0 560.0 21.00
BS-50 200. 430.0 505.0 19.00
BS-50 300. 419.0 494.0 18.00
BS-50 400. 412.0 502.0 20.00
46
2 1/4CR--1M0 STEEL
TENSILE DATA
LOT TEMPERATURE YIELO ULTIMATE TOTAL REDUCTION

NUMBER (C) STRENGTH TENSILE ELONGATION OF AREA
(MPAI STRENGTH (?) (?)
(MPAI
BS-50 500. 373.0 432.0 21.00
P-iOB 22. 503.0 570.0 27.00 73.00
P-lOB 399. 362.0 520.0 22.00 69.00
P-IOB 454. 356.0 490.0 20.00 65.00
P-IOB 510. 334.0 381.0 25.00 78.00
P-15E 25. 448.0 602.0 29.00 71.00
P-15E 454. 361.0 ^20.0 23.00 63.00
P-15E 482. 341.0 485.0 23.00 65.00
P-15E 538. 321.0 426.0 25.00 70.00
P-31A 25. 439.0 582.0 26.00 72.00
P-31A 260. 347.0 498.0 25.00 70.00
P-31A 371. 355.0 514.0 22.00 65.00
P-3LA 427. 345.0 492.0 23.00 65.00
P-31A 460. 324.0 456.0 23.00 71.00
P-31A 482. 2^1.0 453.0 24.00 71.00
P-31B 25. 396.0 556.0 29.00 72.00
P-31B 260. 320.0 477.0 27.00 71.00
P-31B 371. 310.0 493.0 26.00 65.00
P-31B 427. 294.0 4 74.0 23.00 62.00
P-31B 460. 287.0 457.0 26.00 66.00
P-31B 482. 276.0 441.0 25.00 70.00
P-32B 22. 490.0 606.0 25.00 63.00
P-32B 93. 460.0 571.0 23.00 63.00
P-328 149. 445.0 555.0 21.00 60.00
P-32B 204. 433.0 547.0 21.00 59.00
P-32B 260. 427.0 545.0 21.00 60.00
P-32B 316. 438.0 557.0 18.00 57.00
P-32B 371 . 418.0 565.0 20.00 56.00
P-32B 427. 418.0 552.0 18.00 53.00
P-32B 482. 394.0 514.0 17.CO 58.00
P-32B 538. 370.0 470.0 18.00 59.00
es-104 20. 430.0 577.0 14.00
BS-104 100. 408.0 526.0
es-104 200. 394.0 489.0
BS-104 300. 381.0 480.0
BS-104 350. 386.0 480.0
es-104 400. 375.0 477.0
es-104 450. 372.0 456.0
es-104 500. 349.0 416.0
es-105 20. 434.0 583.0 22.00
BS-105 100. 409.0 536.0 13.00
es-105 200. 387.0 500.0 17.00
es-105 300. 381.0 486.0 15.00
es-105 350. 376.0 485.0 14.00
es-105 400. 368.0 477.0 14.00
BS-105 450. 363.0 464.0 15.00
es-105 500. 349.0 414.0 16.00
es-109 20. 421.0 620.0 26.00
47
2 1/4CR- 1M0 STEEL

TENSIL E DATA
LOT TEMPERATURE YIFLD ULTIMATE TOTAL REDUCTION

NUMBER (C) STRENGTH TENSILE ELONGATION OF AREA
(MPAI STRENGTH m (?l
(MPAI
es-109 150. 392.0 560.0 22.00
es-109 250. 403.0 596.0 21.00
es-109 350. 375.0 619.0 25.00
es-109 400. 346.0 574.0 25.00
es-109 450. 338.0 521.0 28.00
es-U3 20. 426.0 572.0 21.00
es-113 150. 368.0 491.0 18.00
es-113 200. 354.0 472.0 17.00
BS-113 300. 357.0 464.0
es-113 400. 338.0 457.0 15.00
es-ii6 20. 343.0 542.0
es-ii6 200. 289.0 448.0 17.00
es-ii6 300. 304.0 440.0 15.00
es-ii6 400. 287.0 437.0 15.00
BS-116 500. 266.0 394.0 18.00
es-123 20. 344.0 517.0 27.00
es-123 200. 328.0 451.0 22.00
es-123 300. 344.0 502.0 17.00
BS-123 400. 318.0 523.0 13.00
BS-123 500. 285.0 466.0 14.00
es-124 20. 480.0 617.0 20.00
es-124 200. 418.0 544.0 18.00
es-124 300. 440.0 528.0 13.00
es-124 400. 433.0 553.0 15.00
es-124 500. 398.0 489.0 15.00
BS-138 20. 339.0 620.0 22.00
BS-138 200. 307.0 544.0 19.00
es-138 300. 298.0 554.0 16.00
es-138 400. 281.0 560.0 20.00
es-138 500. 268.0 473.0
BS-139 20. 350.0 602.0 28.00
es-139 200. 323.0 524.0
es-139 300. 318.0 521.0 22.00
es-139 400. 321.0 523.0 22.00
es-139 500. 285.0 435.0 28.00
BS-142 20. 481.0 614.0 23.00
es-142 100. 438.0 569.0 20.00
es-142 200. 451.0 583.0 16.00
es-142 300. 466.0 582.0 14.00
es-142 400. 460.0 583.0 10.00
BS-142 500. 381.0 492.0 16.00
9S-155 20. 358.0 547.0 26.00
es-155 100. 296.0 478.0 28.00
es-155 200. 321.0 489.0 24.00
65-155 300. 314.0 491.0 20.00
es-155 350. 341.0 503.0 17.00
es-155 400. 281.0 478.0 20.00
es-155 450. 321.0 483.0 21.00
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52
2 1/4CR-1M0 STEEL
CREEP DATA
LOT TEMPERATURE STRESS RUPTURE MINIMUM TOTAL REDUCTION

NUMBER (CI (MPA) LIFE CREEP ELONGATION OF AREA
(HI (?/HI (?l m
MAC 500 265.0 130. 29.00 82.00
MAC 550 98.0 17124. 31.00 85.00
MAC 550 108.0 10741. 32.00 86.00
MAC 550 137.0 1845. 35.00 87.00
MAC 550 176.0 223. 44.00 88.00
MAC 600 53.0 18912. 45.00 88.00
MAC 600 61.0 10083. 36.00 89.00
MAC 600 69.0 5027. 52.00 92.00
MAC 600 T8.0 2708. 38.00 90.00
MAC 600 98.0 1229. 41.00 88.00
MAC 600 137.0 72. 36.00 89.00
MAO 500 216.0 2 804. 45.00 83.00
MAO 500 2f 5.0 562. 32.00 82.00
MAO 500 294.0 168. 34.00 81.00
MAO 550 98.0 29944. 22.00 54.00
MAO 550 108.0 20015. 23.00 64.00
MAO 550 137.0 6627. 31.00 67.00
MAD 550 176.0 890. 34.00 80.00
MAO 550 216.0 159. 5€.00 85.00
MAO 600 53.0 18313. 25.00 60.00
MAD 600 61.0 11382. 36.00 65.00
MAD 600 69.0 6222. 36.00 73.00
MAO 600 78.0 3371. 34.00 79.00
MAO 600 98.0 1610. 58.00 84.00
MAD 600 137.0 353. 41.00 80.00
MAE 500 216.0 7311. 39.00 71.00
MAE 500 265.0 701. 40.00 80.00
MAE 500 29 4.0 262. 34.00 77.00
MAE 550 98.0 26173. 29.00 55.00
MAE 550 108.0 16785. 24.00 62.00
MAE 550 137.0 7251. 21.00 48.00
MAE 550 1T6.0 1748. 31.00 59.00
MAE 550 216.0 225. 50.00 85.00
MAE 600 53.0 26175. 22.00 53.00
MAE 600 61.0 12501. 21.00 55.00
MAE 600 69.0 7308. 32.00 49.00
MAE 600 78.0 3355. 53.00 71.00
MAE 600 98.0 1579. 39.00 72.00
MAE 600 137.0 450. 46.00 61.00
MAP 500 157.0 14475. 40.00 82.00
MAF 500 176.0 6377. 48.00 82.00
MAF 500 216.0 1066. 50.00 80.00
MAF 500 265.0 265. 36.00 77.00
MAF 500 294.0 57. 29.00 74.00
MAF 550 98.0 24515. 48.00 82.00
MAF 550 108.0 13098. 39.00 83.00
MAF 550 137.0 1618. 50.00 85.00
MAF 550 176.0 267. 45.00 82.00
MAF 600 53.0 23523. 27.00 71.00
MAF 600 61.0 14367. 38.00 80.00
MAF 600 69.0 7635. 38.00 84.00
MAF 600 78.0 3827. 37.00 85.00
MAF 600 98.0 919. 53.00 88.00
MAF 600 137.0 83. 70.00 85.00
p-12 454 331.0 1010. .360E-02
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54
2 1/4CR-1M0 STEEL
CREFP DATA

NUMBER (C) (MPAI LIFE CREEP ELONGATION OF AREA
(HI (?/H» m m
A7095 600 108.0 750. 44.70 78.00
A7095 600 128.0 248. 40.70 78.60
S7095 600 147.0 99. 49.00 85.20
A7554 500 167.0 18230. 33.00 70.60
A7554 500 196.0 5446. 40.00 75.20
A7554 500 226.0 1918. 51.30 82.50
A7554 500 265.0 483. 48.40 83.00
A7554 500 294.0 182. 56.70 83.50
A7554 500 343.0 29. 41.00 82. 80
AT554 550 108.0 12377. 18.30 54.00
A7554 550 137.0 3416. 46.30 70.00
A7554 550 156.0 1258. 60.00 78.50
A7554 550 176.0 563. 54.00 81.50
A7554 600 69.0 7958. 29.70 68.80
A7554 600 88.0 2282. 44.30 77.40
A7554 600 108.0 744. 47.80 77.90
A7554 600 108.0 884. 58.70 76.90
A7554 600 128.0 296. 49.70 78.60
A7554 600 147.0 94. 51.30 82.90
A8001 500 196.0 6367. 39.00 79.20
A8001 500 226.0 2100. 57.00 83.30
A8001 500 26 5.0 416. 46.00 82.30
A8001 500 294.0 154. 41.30 82.00
A8001 550 137.0 2574. 36.30 76.10
A8001 5 50 15 6.0 852. 61.00 82.00
A8001 550 176.0 302. 70.70 84.70
A8001 550 196.0 101. 55.70 86.80
68001 600 69.0 6277. 15.30 66.30
A8001 600 88.0 2166. 40.70 76.30
A8001 600 108.0 701. 53.70 79.60
A8001 600 128.0 212. 55.70 84.30
A8001 600 147.0 66. 56.70 86.80
BS-25 500 239.0 262. 47.00 81. 50
BS-25 550 131.0 1060. 44.40 82.40
BS-25 550 193.0 63. 62.30 84.60
BS-25 600 70.0 1685. 27.40 79.00
BS-31 500 239.0 968. 28.70 82.70
BS-31 550 131.0 2445. 31.70 77.40
BS-31 600 70.0 2562. 32.70 79.00
BS-38 500 239.0 420. 43.30 81.90
BS-38 550 131.0 1467. 41.20 83.30
BS-38 550 193.0 35. 48.70 87.60
BS-38 600 70.0 2097. 32.70 89.00
BS-41 500 239.0 5121. 33.20 75.70
BS-41 550 131.0 1472. 36.70 83.20
BS-41 550 193.0 215. 51.10 84.60
BS-41 600 70.0 1931. 29.30 89.10
BS-42 500 239.0 1650. 34.70 83.30
BS-42 550 1 31. C 1902. 39.40 86.40
BS-42 550 193.0 144. 37.60 85.50
BS-42 600 70.0 2389. 40.10 91.20
BS-48 500 239.0 3509. 48.40 74.60
BS-48 550 131.0 222o. 35.30 51.80
BS-48 550 193.0 369. 41.70 67.80
55
2 1/4CR-1M0 STEEL
CR EFP DATA
LOT TEMPERATURE STRESS RUPTURE MINIMUM TOTAL PEDUCTTON

NUMBER (CI (MPA) LIFE CREEP ELONGATION OF AREA
(HI (?/Hl m m
BS-48 600 70.0 883. 40.00 69.30
BS-50 500 239.0 75. 34.60 56.40
BS-50 550 131.0 7579. 7.40 28.60
BS-50 550 193.0 1023. 21.60 42.30
BS-50 600 70.0 2874. 35.20 87.50
MPC-1 427 414.0 621.
MPC-1 482 276.0 2913.
MPC-1 482 310.0 240.
MPC-1 482 345.0 99.
MPC-1 538 172.0 11006.
MPC-1 538 207.0 468.
MPC-1 538 241.0 94.
MPC-2 427 345.0 7123.
MPC-2 427 358.0 3137.
MPC-2 427 379.0 960.
MPC-2 482 207.0 5448.
MPC-2 482 241.0 1531.
MPC-2 482 276.0 688.
MPC-2 482 345.0 50.
MPC-2 538 138.0 4991.
MPC-2 538 241.0 33.
P-50A 427 345.0 2523. 14.50 75.00
P-50A 427 362.0 980. 15.50 76.00
P-50A 454 276.0 4025. 17.50 78.00
P-50A 454 310.0 879. 26.00 79.00
P-50A 454 362.0 82. 18.50 76.00
SH/FR 450 250.0 10698.
SH/FR 450 250.0 14632.
40K205 550 108.0 4322.
40K205 550 123.0 2115.
40K210 550 108.0 5792.
40K210 550 122.0 2130.
40K210 600 78.0 3901.
40K220 600 78.0 1838.
43K830 600 74.0 3176.
C73718 500 196.0 3018. 55.70 82.40
C73718 500 226.0 36 0. 50.00 85.20
C73718 500 26 5.0 190. 51.00 84.40
D73718 500 294.0 85. 52.70 83. 20

D73718 550 137.0 2515. 42.00 76.70
C73718 550 156.0 695. 43.70 82.80
C73718 550 176.0 267. 57.70 86.40
C73718 550 196.0 86. 58.30 86.90
C73718 600 69.0 4012. 21.00 70.40
D73718 600 88.0 1744. 44.70 78.50
D73718 600 108.0 663. 45.70 79.80
C73718 600 128.0 223. 54.70 82.90
C73718 600 147.0 52. 58.30 86.10
D73967 500 166.0 9667. 61.70 74.10
0 7396 7 500 196.0 2782. 61.30 80.30
C73967 500 226.0 936. 62.00 84.40
C73967 500 265.0 227. 54.80 83.00
C73967 500 294.0 91. 36.00 83.30
C73967 500 343.0 20. 42.00 82.00
073967 550 108.0 11124. 16.00 50.70
56
2 1/4CR -1M0 STEEL

CRE EP DATA

NUMBER (CI (MPAI LIFE CREEP ELONGATION OF AREA
(HI (S/HJ m (?1
073967 550 137.0 2132. 57.80 7 2.50
073967 550 156.0 560. 36.30 70.30
C73967 550 176.0 261. 65.00 87.50
C73967 550 196.0 59. 67.50 84. 80
C73967 600 69.0 6425. 22.70 64. 10
D73967 600 88.0 2151. 46.70 61.70
073967 600 108.0 616. 48.70 70.70
C73967 600 128.0 171. 59.00 79.10
C73967 600 147.0 51. 65.30 84.50
C73992 500 166.0 21607. 24.00 67.50
073992 500 196.0 4795. 37.30 78.20
C73992 500 226.0 1834. 42.70 82.60
073992 500 265.0 422. 36.00 83.70
C73992 500 294.0 162. 35.00 82.30
C73992 500 343.0 32. 32.70 79.80
073992 500 392.0 13. 32.00 80.20
C73992 550 108.0 14517. 23.30 64.00
D73992 550 137.0 4283. 28.00 62.90
C73992 550 156.0 1609. 51.00 76.50
C73992 550 176.0 432. 54.20 82.20
073992 550 196.0 125. 52.00 83.30
D73992 600 69.0 5579. 30.30 81.20
D73992 600 88.0 1846. 45.70 80.90
D73992 600 108.0 781. 49.00 80.40
C73992 600 128.0 299. 53.00 81. 10
D73992 600 147.0 89. 49.00 82.20
KB-151 454 448.0 708. .159E-02 19.30 82.10
K8-151 454 465.0 243. .8005-02 19.20 80.90
KB-151 454 483.0 137. .195E-01 22.00 77.00
KB-.151 454 517.0 18. .13E*00 23.90 76.50
KB-151 510 276.0 555. .300E-02 34.00 82.50
KB-151 510 276.0 830. .500E-02 28.40 73.80
KB-151 510 310.0 174. .7505-02 31.60 84.90
KB-151 510 34 5.0 104. .250E-01 28.00 72.90
KB-151 510 379.0 13. .215*00 26.80 79.10
KB-151 566 138.0 2520. .160E-02 14.90 33.90
KB-151 566 172.0 436. .700E-02 24.20 71.20
KB-151 566 207.0 195. .260E-01 25.20 78.80
KB-151 566 241.0 25. .19E-J-00 28.10 87.00
KB-151 566 241.0 32. . 145*00 25.10 83.90
39E2135 450 343.0 12550.
39E2135 550 147.0 1263.
44K2158 600 69.0 6286.
44K2158 600 78.0 4290.
44K2158 600 98.0 1477.
45K2436 500 199.0 1125.
45K2436 550 110.0 3922.
45K2436 600 82.0 1726.
45K2 643 500 199.0 1453.
45K2643 600 82.0 1627.
45K2653 450 302.0 1917.
45K2653 500 199.0 3883.
45K2653 550 151.0 2030.
45K2653 600 82.0 2713.
45K3088H 450 265.0 9217.
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59
ORNL/TM-8075
INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION
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3. Document Reference Section 37. H. E. McCoy, Jr.
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8-12. B.L.P. Booker 41. P. Patriarca
13-17. M. K. Booker 42. T. W. Pickel
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24-26. M. R. Hill 49-53. R. W. Swindeman
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iffliBMnnBiiSM mm

CENTRAL RESEARCH LIBRARY

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the

Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

METALS AND CERAMICS DIVISION

ANALYSIS OF ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE TENSILE AND CREEP PROPERTIES

M. K. Booker, B.L.P. Booker, and R. W. Swindeman

Date Published - January 1982

NOTICE: This document contains information of a

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

ALLOWABLE STRESS CRITERIA 2

CREEP DATA ANALYSIS 4

TENSILE DATA ANALYSIS 13

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 22

M. K. Booker, B.L.P. Booker, and R. W. Swindeman

The ferritic 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel is an important

The ferritic 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel is an important construction

Research sponsored by the Solvent Refined Coal Projects Office,

ALLOWABLE STRESS CRITERIA

The allowable stress, 5, in Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME

2. one-fourth of the tensile strength at temperature,

4. two-thirds of the yield strength at temperature,

The data used in this evaluation were derived from an international

A lot is defined as a particular product form of a particular heat

Table 1. Summary of creep-rupture data sets used

France 7 78 500-600 8,911

TOTAL 53 475 427-600 85,901

Great Britain 19 118 20-500

United States 15 94 22-538

TOTAL 43 302 20-550

CREEP DATA ANALYSIS

Initial analysis of the data was performed by a generalized

log tp = Cfr- 3.656 log a - 0.02564T - 1.052 X 10-5To , (1)

2.25Cr-iMo Steel N&T

lrf lrf lCf ICf 104

2.25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

... i i i iiiiii i i 11 iiii| 1

Fig. 2. Comparison of experimental data and predicted creep-rupture

2J25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf lrf

2J25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

2£5Cr-lMo Steel N&T

2.25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

Fig. 6. Comparison of experimental data and predicted creep-rupture

2J25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

Fig. 7. Comparison of experimental data and predicted creep-rupture

2J25Cr-lMo Steel N&T

L | I I I I MM| I I I I llll| I I I I llll| I I I I llll| lfll| *l I I Mill

Fig. 8. Comparison of experimental data and predicted creep-rupture

2£5Cr-lMo Steel N&T

Fig. 9. Comparison of experimental data and predicted creep-rupture

2£5Cr-lMo Steel N&T

ORNL DWG 81 12927

NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED

Figure 12 illustrates the relationship between the lot constant from

NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED 2% Cr-1 Mo STEEL