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−∞ - +∞ , . -
2 −∞ "+∞ $ ' 12 & /
2
lim f ( x) = 0 (" "$ ' f ( x) = ]−1; +∞[ * 2 f ()
x →+∞ x +1

' ' I = ]a; b[ ()

2 x +1 1 2
x> −1 " > 1 <b f ( x) ∈ I ]−1; +∞[ ( # x ()
b 2 b x +1
2
lim f ( x) = 0 4& f ( x) ' I ' −1 ( )"x ( ) ) 1 "3
x →+∞ b

2 −∞ "+∞ ! $ ' 12 & /

lim g ( x) = +∞ ("
x →+∞
"$ ' g ( x) = x − 2 [ 2; +∞[ * 2 g ()

x − 2 > A2 x−2 > A [ 2; +∞[ ( x () # A ()

[ A; +∞[ *6 g ( x) 5 ') $ ) )x () ) 1 x > A2 + 2 1
lim g ( x) = +∞ 4&
x →+∞
"
0 $
# l [ x0 , +∞[ ') ( ' * 2 f
) x ' "( f ( x) ') ' l ' 7 0 ' ') (" lim f ( x) = l )
x →+∞
2)
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x →+∞
2) )x
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x →+∞
2) )x

−∞ ( (0 * ': # 1

' - ./ ) ( ; 5 ( 2+ 3 /

2++ , , . -

2 # $ ' 12 & /

lim f ( x) = 3 (" "$ ' f ( x) = 2 x + 1 * 2 f ()

x →1

2
 f ( x) ∈ ]3 − e;3 + e[ " 0 ≤ f ( x) − 3 ≤ e < # # e ()
0 ≤ 2x − 2 ≤ e "0 ≤ 2 x + 1 − 3 ≤ e 4&
e e e e e e e
x ∈ − + 1; + 1 " − + 1 ≤ x ≤ + 1 =2) − ≤ x −1 ≤ " 0 ≤ x −1 ≤ 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e e
f ( x ) ∈ ]3 − e;3 + e[ (>2 x ∈ − + 1; + 1 ( ) 461 " 4&
2 2
e e
f ( x) ∈ ]3 − e;3 + e[ # x ∈ − + 1; + 1 ' ( ( ) 1
2 2
lim f ( x) = 3 ?46
x →1
2 # ! $ ' 12 & /
1
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→1 x −1

1
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1 1
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5 x ' "( f ( x) ') ' l ' 7 0 ' ') (" lim f ( x) = l )
x → x0

x0 ( 2)
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x → x0

x0 ( 2) 5x

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./ ) ( ; 5 ( 2+ 3 /

3
 #

2 2A ' #1 2 & /
x −x x x 0 $ B" 2 A ' #
1
x x x x x2
x

lim − x = +∞ lim − x = −∞ lim x = −∞ lim x = +∞

x →−∞ x →+∞ x →−∞ x →+∞

1 1 1
lim = −∞ lim = 0 lim = 0 lim x = +∞ lim x 2 = +∞ lim x 2 = +∞
→0 x x →−∞ x x →+∞ x
< x →+∞ x →−∞ x →+∞
x 

1
lim = +∞
→0 x
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&C $ (" E4& C#D

' $ B" # $ ( <# 1 2 & /

x +1
g ( x) = f ( x) = x3 + 2 x + 1 ) 2 x # F 4 ' h g f
2x − 4
2 x 2 − 3x + 2
h( x ) =
5− x
h g f ( ') $ (
0 $ B" h g f ( ') #"

Dh = ]−∞;5[ ∪ ]5; +∞[ Dg = ]−∞; 2[ ∪ ]2; +∞[ D f = ]−∞; +∞[ $

lim f ( x) = lim x 3 = −∞ lim f ( x) = lim x3 = +∞
x →−∞ x →−∞ x →+∞ x →+∞

x 1 x 1
lim g ( x) = lim = lim g ( x) = lim =
x →−∞ x →−∞ 2 x 2 x→+∞ x →+∞ 2 x 2
lim g ( x) = −∞
<
1 lim< 2 x − 4 = 0 lim <
x + 1 = 3
x  →2 x 
→2 x 
→2
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>
1 lim 2 x − 4 = 0
>
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>
x  →2 x  →2 x  →2

2x2 2 x2
lim h( x) = lim = −∞ lim h( x) = lim = +∞
x →−∞ x →−∞ x x →+∞ x →+∞ x

lim h( x) = +∞ 1
<
lim
<
5− x = 0 lim<
2 x 2 − 3 x + 2 = 37
x  →5 x 
→5 x 
→5

lim h( x) = −∞ 1
>
lim 5 − x = 0
>
lim 2 x 2 − 3 x + 2 = 37
>
x  →5 x  →5 x  →5
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−∞ "+∞ # )'
B p n ( !( #( bn an
lim an x n + an −1 x n −1 + ..... + a1 = lim an x n lim an x n + an −1 x n −1 + ..... + a1 = lim an x n
x →−∞ x →−∞ x →+∞ x →+∞
−∞ "+∞ B '
an x n + an −1 x n−1 + ..... + a0 an x n a x n + a x n−1 + ..... + a0 a xn
lim p −1
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p p −1 x p p −1 x

./ ) ( ; *6 5 ( ( ') ( ' G '# 2+ 3 /

4
 ( 12 & /
3x + 2
2f # (C ) f f ( x) =
x−4
) 2 f

(O; i ; j ) H
f $ Df (
B ( ( ' (C ) f # (" 3 Df $ B" f #"
(

D f = ]−∞;4[ ∪ ]4; +∞[

lim f ( x) = +∞ lim f ( x) = −∞ lim f ( x) = 3 lim f ( x) = 3
x 
>
→4 x 
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→4 x →−∞ x →+∞

y=3 x=4 ( ( ' (C ) f # ("3

'I 12 & /
3
f ( x) = − x + 2 + ) ]−∞;3[ ∪ ]3; +∞[ * 2 f
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−∞ +∞ (C ) f # 1 6∆ ("( J
∆ *6 (C ) f H "J

3
f ( x) − (− x + 2) = ]−∞;3[ ∪ ]3; +∞[ ( x # ') ' "( J
x −3
3 3
−∞ +∞ (C ) f # ∆ 1 lim
x →−∞ x − 3
=0 lim
x →+∞ x − 3
=0
J
f ( x) − (− x + 2) K 6H
3
f ( x) − (− x + 2) = ]−∞;3[ ∪ ]3; +∞[ ( x # ') ' "(
x−3
∆ M 2 (C f ) # L 1 f ( x) − (− x + 2) > 0 x ∈ ]3; +∞[ ' "( •
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'I ( <# 0) 12 & /

2 x 2 − 3x + 3
g ( x) = ) ]−∞;1[ ∪ ]1; +∞[ * 2 g
x −1
(O; i ; j ) 2f # (C ) g

(C ) g # ( J

5
 lim g ( x) = +∞ lim g ( x) = −∞ lim g ( x) = +∞ J
x 
>
→1 x →−∞ x →+∞

lim g ( x) = −∞
x 
<
→1

x=1 1 # / ' (C ) g # (" E4& #

'I ) 61 lim g ( x) = −∞ lim g ( x) = +∞
x →−∞ x →+∞

−x + 3 g ( x) 2 x 2 − 3x + 3
lim g ( x) − 2 x = lim = −1 lim = lim =2 (
x →+∞ x →+∞ x − 1 x →+∞ x x →+∞ x2 − x
y = 2x −1 1 DI ' (C ) g 4N6
−∞ H0

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) 46 O
y=l 1
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x →a
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) 46 O
x=a 1
5 * + (+ )
1 ∆ (O; i ; j ) 2f # (C )f 2 f
y = ax + b
9 −∞ * 8+∞ (C ) f # DI 1 6∆ ( '
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x →−∞ x →+∞
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1 ∆ (O; i ; j ) 2f # (C f ) 2 f
a≠0 y = ax + b
M # 46 B 2 46 9 −∞ * 8+∞ (C ) f # DI 1 6∆ ( )
f ( x) f ( x)
lim [ f ( x) − ax ] = b lim =a * 8 lim [ f ( x) − ax ] = b lim =a
x →−∞ x →−∞ x x →+∞ x →+∞ x

f ( x) − (ax + b) K 6H ( D ) : y = ax + b * 6 (C ) f 1
( D) # (C ) f ( ) f ( x) − (ax + b) < 0 ( ) 46
( D) M 2 (C ) f ( ) f ( x) − (ax + b) > 0 ( ) 46
. ; ( ; ( 2+ 3 /

6
 )

( ) ) + )0 1 2 & /
g ( x) = x − 1 f ( x) = 2 x + 1
2
* [1;+∞[ [0; +∞[ * ( 2 ( f g
& # B ( ( ) ') * g f ( D) )
g f $P

x 
u2
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→ x 2 
v1
→ 2 x2 + 1
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v1 : x 2x + 1 u1 : x x < # f = u1 v1 1
2

v2 : x x u2 : x x − 1 < # f = u1 v1
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2 g f 1 f ( x) ∈ [1; +∞[ "f ( x) ≥ 1 [0; +∞[ ' ( x # ') ' " (
g f ( x) = g [ f ( x)] = g (2 x 2 + 1) [0; +∞[ *
g f ( x) = 2 x 2 =2) g f ( x) = (2 x 2 + 1) − 1 1
g f ( x) = 2 x [0; +∞[ ' ( x ( )(

) # B ) /
f ( x) = 3 − x ]−∞;3] ' * 2 f
−∞ f #"

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)
f =g h < # ' h g f () −∞ "+∞ " # "' c b a 6
lim f ( x) = c (>2lim g ( X ) = c lim h( x) = b ) 46
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ED "( 7
g ( x) = x h( x ) = 3 − x < # f ( x) = g h
lim f ( x) = +∞ 1 lim g ( X ) = +∞ lim h( x) = +∞
x →−∞ X →+∞ x →−∞
; ) ( 5 4 /
. ; 5 ) ( ( 2+ 3 /

7
 # '@ ) /
sin x
x ! # ') ' " ( 1 " ( J f ( x) = ) 2 f
x2
−1 sin x 1
+∞ f #"J ≤ 2 ≤ 2
x2 x x

1 sin x 1
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x2 x x
− 1 sin x 1 x ! # ') ' "( ?46
2
≤ 2
≤ 2
x x x
sin x 1 1
lim f ( x) = 2 ?46lim = 0 1 "3 lim − =0 lim =0
x →+∞ x →+∞ x 2 x →+∞ x2 x →+∞ x 2

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2 ' h g f b ∈ ]−α ;α [ < # # "b α l
lim f ( x) = l
x →+∞
f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) ≤ h( x ) [α , +∞[ ' ( x # ') ' " ( ( ) 46 •
lim g ( x) = l (>2 lim h( x) = l
x →+∞ x →+∞

lim f ( x) = l
x →−∞
f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) ≤ h( x ) [α , +∞[ ' ( x # ') ' " ( ( ) 46 •
l < lim g ( x) < l ' (>2 lim h( x) = l '
x →+∞ x →−∞
6
( ( g f b ∈ ]−α ;α [ < # # "b α l
(>2 lim g ( x) = −∞
x →+∞
f ( x) ≤ g ( x) [α , +∞[ ' ( x # ') ' " ( ( ) 46 •
lim f ( x) = −∞
x →+∞

(>2 lim g ( x) = +∞
x →+∞
f ( x) ≥ g ( x) [α , +∞[ ' ( x # ') ' " ( ( ) 46 " •
lim f ( x) = +∞
x →−∞

lim f ( x) = l
x →b
f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) ≤ h( x ) ]−α ;α [ ' ( x # ') ' " ( ( ) 46 •
lim g ( x) = l (>2lim h( x) = l
x →b x →b

−∞ * 6x ' G " b ∈ ]−α ;α [ < # b * 6 x ' G *6 & E4& 1

; ) ( 5 4 /

; ( 2+ 3 /

# ,

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