Trigonometry: Topic 1 Angles
Trigonometry: Topic 1 Angles
Trigonometry: Topic 1 Angles
3
Problem 3: How many grads is π rad?
TOPIC 1 ANGLES 4
Solution:
Angle is the space between 2 rays 400 mils
3 3
intersecting at a point called the vertex. The π rad = π rad 2π rad
4 4
first ray where the measurement starts is
called the initial side and the second ray 3
π rad = 150 grads
where the measurement ends is the terminal 4
side.
Problem 4: What is the complement of
Terminal side 1
π rad?
3
Solution:
1 1
Initial side Complement = π- π
2 3
Note: counterclockwise ---( + ) angle 3π 2π
Complement =
Clockwise ------------ ( – ) angle 6
1
Complement = π rad
Units and Conversions 6
1 revolution = 360o
Problem 5: Find an angle in grad unit that is
I revolution = 2 rad
1 revolution = 400 grads two – thirds of its explement.
1 revolution= 6,400 mils
Solution:
Angle Pairs
Let: x = the explement
Let A and B be 2 angles.
Complementary: A + B = 90o 2
x = the angle
Supplementary: A + B = 180o 3
Explementary: A + B = 360o
2
x+ x = 400
Problem 1: How many degrees is equivalent 3
to 640 mils? x = 240 grads ( explement )
Solution: 2
x = 160 grads ( the angle )
360o 3
640 mils = 640 mils 6,400 mils
Problem 6: Find an angle in degree unit
640 mils = 36o whose supplement exceeds five times its
complement by 30o?
Problem 2: Convert 120o to radian.
Solution:
Solution:
2π
Let: x = the angle
120o = 120o 360 o
180o – x = 5( 90o – x ) + 30o
120o =
2
π x = 75o
3
1
TOPIC 2: RIGHT TRIANGLE
3 + 5 = 8 > 7 ( ok )
A right triangle is one that has a right 3 + 7 = 10 > 5 ( ok )
angle. There are 6 parts, the 3 sides a, b and
c, and the 3 angle A, B and C. 5 + 7 = 12 > 3 ( ok )
The answer is C. ( 3, 5, 7 )
B
a c Example 8: Given the 2 legs of a triangle,
a = 5 cm and b = 12 cm.
C = 90o A 1. Compute the hypotenuse.
2. Compute the values of the 6 trigonometric
b functions of angle A.
Note: a and b are called the legs, and 3. Compute the angle at A and B
c is the hypotenuse
Solution:
The Pythagorean Theorem: c2 = a2 + b2
In any triangle, the sum of the 3 angles is B
equal to 180o. c
A + B + C = 180o a=5
Solution: sinB =
12
--------- B = sin1 13
12
13
The sum of any 2 sides is greater than the 3rd B = 67.38o
side. By checking the given choices, only
choice C forms a triangle.
2
Example 9: A ladder rests against the top of Example 10: A tower is standing on a
the vertical wall of a building and makes an horizontal ground. To calculate the height of
angle of 68o with the ground. If the foot of the the tower, a surveyor at A, due east of the
ladder is 1.6 m from the wall, calculate the tower, measures the angle of elevation of the
height of the wall. top of the tower and found it to be 28.4
degrees. He then moves to point B, directly
Solution: south of A, and measures the angle of
elevation of the top of the tower and found it to
be 23.6 degrees. Point B is 72.8 m from A.
Calculate the height of the tower.
Solution:
h
D N
W
E
68o
1.6 m S
h h
tan( 68o ) =
1 .6
h = 3.96 m
3
Solution: Bearing of lines
315o
o 0.693x 8.25
tan52 25’ =
x
A
x = 13.60 m B
Solution:
45o 50o
x = 100 + 50( sin30o ) = 125 m
W E
P
y = 75 + 50( cos30o ) = 118.30 m
D 70o 40 o
D 2 = x2 + y2
D2 = ( 125 )2 + ( 118.30 )2
C D = 172.10 km
Figure A
S
4
5( 3 ) = 15 NM
N
32o
D 122o
y x
6( 3 ) = 18 NM
50( 2 ) = 100
Solution: C
Solving for the distance x: a b
x2 = 152 + 182
x2 = 549 B A
x = 23.43 NM c
Solving for : 1. The Sine Law
15 a b c
tan =
18 sin A sinB sinC
= 39.81o
Case 1: Given 2 angles and one side.
Solving for :
= 180o – 132o Example 9: Given the 3 parts of a triangle:
= 58o A = 48o, B = 74o, and a = 15 cm. Find the
measure of side b.
Solving for β:
β=- Solution:
β = 58o – 39.81o
β = 18.19o
A = 48o B = 74o
c
5
b a 2. If h = a, a right triangle is formed
sinB sinA
b 15
sin74o sin48o b
h a
b = 19.40 cm A
Example 14: A pole casts a shadow 15 ft long
when the angle of elevation of the sun is 61o. 3. If h < a and b > a, 2 triangles are formed
If the pole has leaned 15o from the vertical
directly towards the sun, determine the length
of the pole.
b
a
h
Solution:
A
1st triangle
14o
L b
o 105 o a h
61
A
15
L 15 2nd triangle
sin61o sin14 o 4. If h < a and b < a, 1 triangle is formed
L = 54.23 cm
1.
The 4 possibilities:
b = 12 cm a = 8 cm
1. If h > a, no triangle formed h
A = 30o
b
a h = bsinA = 12sin30o
h
h = 6 cm
A h < a and b > a
Therefore there are 2 triangles.
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2. 8 12
------------------- B = 48.59o
sin30o sinB
c = 12 cm b = 5 cm
h C = 180o – 30o – 48.59o ------- C = 101.41o
B = 60o 8 c
------------ c = 15.68 cm
sin30o sin101.41o
h = csinB = 12sin60o
h = 6 cm
a<h 2nd triangle:
C
b = 12 cm a = 8 cm
x2 = ( 140 )2 + ( 180 )2 – 2( 140 )( 180 )cos47o
o
A = 30 B x = 132.77 km
7
Case 2: Given 3 sides The sign Chart
Example 18: Triangle ABC has sides a = 9 II ( 90o < < 180o ) I ( 0 < < 90o )
cm, b = 7.5 cm, and c = 5 cm. Find the
measure of the 3 angles. Sin and Csc All trigo. functions
are + are +
Solution:
Note: If 3 sides are given, solve for first the III ( 180o < < 270o ) IV ( 270o < < 360o )
biggest angle opposite the longest side.
Tan and Cot Cos and Sec
are + are +
B
a = 9 cm c = 5 cm
Example 19: An angle in standard position
has the point ( - 3, 5 ) on its terminal side.
C A Find the cosine of the angle.
b = 7.5 cm
Solution:
( 9 )2 = ( 5 )2 + ( 7.5 )2 – 2( 5 )( 7.5 )cosA
A = 89.81o P( - 3, 5 )
5 9 r
y=5
sin C sin 89.81o
C = 33.75o
x=-3
7.5 9
sin B sin 89.81 o r= x2 y2 = 3 2 5 2
B = 56.44o r= 34
x
TOPIC 6: ANGLE IN STANDARD cos =
r
POSITION
3
cos =
The six trigonometric functions of 34
y r
sin = csc = 3 34
r y cos =
34
x r
cos = sec =
r x Example 20: Given an angle in standard
y x position. Determine which quadrant the
tan = cot = terminal side of the given angle falls if
x y
1. cscD < 0 and cosD > 0
2. tanX < 0 and secX < 0
terminal 3. tany > 0
side P( x, y )
Solution:
initial
r side 1. 4th quadrant ( +x and – y )
y
2. 2nd quadrant ( - x and +y )
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TOPIC 7: TRIGONOMETRIC 1 cos A
3. tan2 21 A
IDENTITIES 1 cos A
9
From angle B: Solution:
0.73 opposite
sinB Angle A: sin is ( + ) and tan is ( - ) ---- A in QII.
1 hypotenuse 1 y
sin A ----- y = 1, and r = 2.
2 r
Solve for x: x = r2 y2
1
0.73
B x= 2 2 1 2
12 0.73 2 x= 3 ( - x in QII )
= 0.683 x 3
cos A
r 2
adjacent 0.683
cos B 0.683 Angle B: cos is ( - ) and cot is ( + ) --- B in QIII.
hypotenuse 1
2 x
opposite 0.73 cos B --- x = 2 , and r = 2.
tan B 1.0688 2 r
adjacent 0.683
Solve for y: y = r2 x2
= 0.9493 y= 2 ( - x in QIII )
tan A tan B y 2
2. tan( A + B ) = sinB
1 tan A tan B r 2
2.1607 1.0688
tan( A + B ) = 1. sin2A = 2sinAcosA
1 2.1607 1.0688
1 3
tan( A + B ) = – 2.47 = 2
2 2
Solution 2: Solving for the angles 3
sin2A =
1. cosA = 0.42 ----- A = 65.165o 2
sinB = 0.73 ------ B = 46.886o
1
2. Note: B in QIII, so B is in QII. cos 21 B is
cos( A – B ) = cos( 65.165o + 46.886o ) 2
negative.
cos( A – B ) = cos( 112.051o )
cos( A – B ) = 0.9495 2
cos 1 B =
1 cos B
2
2. tan( A + B ) = tan( 65.165o + 46.886o ) 2
tan( A + B ) = tan( 112.051o ) 1
= 2
tan( A + B ) = – 2.47 2
2 2
Example 22: Given that sinA = 1/2 and
= 2
2 2
tanA < 0; cosB = and cot B > 0.
2
Find 2
cos 1 B =
2
2
2
1. sin2A 3. sin( B – A )
2. 2
cos 1 B
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3. sin(B – A) = sinBcosA – cosBsinA Example 25: The interior angles of a triangle
are A, B and C. If tanAtanBtanC = 8.24, find
2 3 2 1
= the value of tanA + tanB + tanC.
2 2 2 2
Solution:
6 2
=
4 The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180o.
A + B + C = 180o
1 tan 2
Example 23: Simplify: A + B = 180o – C
1 tan 2 tan( A + B ) = tan( 180o – C )
tan A tan B tan 180 o tan C
A. 1 + 2sin C. 1- 2cos2 =
B. 1 – 2sin2 D. 1 + cos2 1 tan A tan B 1 tan 180 o tan C
tan A tan B
Solution: = – tan C
1 tan A tan B
tanA + tanB = - tanC + tanAtanBtanC
1 tan 2 1 sin2 θ
cos 2 θ tanA + tanB + tanC = tanAtanBtanC
=
1 tan 2 1 sin2 θ
cos 2 θ tanA + tanB + tanC = 8.24
cos 2 θ sin2 θ
2
cos θ
=
cos 2 θ sin2 θ TOPIC 8: CONDITIONAL EQUATIONS
cos 2 θ
Solution:
sin( x + y ) = 0.819152
x + y = sin- 1( 0.819152 )
x + y = 55o ------- ( 1 )
sin( x – y ) = 0.422618
x – y = sin- 1 ( 0.422618 )
x – y = 25o ------- ( 2 )
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