Cotabato City State Polytechnic College

Sinsuat Avenue, Cotabato City

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Livelihood of Public

Transport Drivers in Cotabato City.

MACARIMBANG, BAI SANDRA T.

BSPA-2A-OM

NOVEMBER 2020

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 Chapter 1

Introduction

Public transport has been hit hard by Covid-19. With ridership significantly

down, operators in developing cities will have to face difficult questions for their

future viability.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic arise in the Philipines, the world had to enforce

massive restrictions on public transport in order to limit transmission of the

virus and ensure safe passage of key workers during the emergency response.

One of the most affected is the public transportation of the entire world.

Cotabato City, one of the cities in the country particularly in Mindanao had

been affected by this pandemic.

According to data from Google mobility reports, visitors to all public transit

locations - such as bus services, terminals, and waiting areas- have fallen by

as much 80% accross IGO countries since early March. Many operators had no

choice but to scale back or completely shut down less viable routers, while

others are passing their costs onto consumers. The IATF- implemented rules

that the capacity of public transportations such as Jeepneys, buses, vanns and

othe should be 50 % of their passengers only is allowed to ride.

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Due to this pandemic, a lot of lives and livelihood of the people had been

affected. Even the society and the economy. This study enables us to know how

this pandemic affect the livelihood of the Public Transport Drivers in Cotabato

City.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to understand and document the impact of Covid-19 on the

livelihood of public transport drivers in Cotabato City. Specifically it will

answer the following questions:

A. What is the profile of the respondents?

A. 1 Name

A. 2 Age

A. 3 Gender

A. 4 Route

A. 5 Civil Status

A. 6 Religion

B.The impact of covid-19 pandemic on the livelihood of public transport drivers

in Cotabato City

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Background of the Study

The Covid-19 pandemic is considered as the most crucial global health

calamity of the century and the greatest challenge that the human kind faced

since the second World War. In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory

disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province of China and was named by the

WHO as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019).

Loss of lives due to any pandemic cause definite irretrivable damage to the

society. But apart from this Covid-19 has severely demobilized the global

economy. In order to restrict further transmission of the disease in the

community, many of the affected countries have undergo lockdown. Due to

lockdown all domestic flights, railway service (except good trains), bus, truck,

and vehicles transport, are suspended with special exemption to those

associated with essential commodities.

Under the rules of Enhanced Community Quarantine and the General

Community Quarantine, jeeps and other public vehicles are not allowed to fully

load a passenger inside. The local government of Cotabato implemented the

50% capacity of passengers inside the public vehicles to observe social

distancing and prevent transmission of the virus.

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Theoretical Framework

COVID-19 is not only a global pandemic and public health crisis; it has also

severely affected the global economy and financial markets. Significant

reductions in income, a rise in unemployment, and disruptions in the

transportation, service, and manufacturing industries are among the

consequences of the disease mitigation measures that have been implemented

in many countries. COVID-19 (Coronavirus) has affected day to day life and is

slowing down the global economy. This pandemic has affected thousands of

peoples, who are either sick or are being killed due to the spread of this

disease. The most common symptoms of this viral infection are fever, cold,

cough, bone pain and breathing problems, and ultimately leading to

pneumonia. This, being a new viral disease affecting humans for the first time,

vaccines are not yet available. Thus, the emphasis is on taking extensive

precautions such as extensive hygiene protocol (e.g., regularly washing of

hands, avoidance of face to face interaction etc.), social distancing, and wearing

of masks, and so on. This virus is spreading exponentially region wise.

Countries are banning gatherings of people to the spread and break the

exponential curve.1 , 2 Many countries are locking their population and

enforcing strict quarantine to control the spread of the havoc of this highly

communicable disease.

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Conceptual Framework

DEPENDENT VARIABL INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Its Impact to:

Corona Virus Disease 2019 -society

(Covid-19) -economy

-livelihood

-life of individual(faith)

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

As an independent variable, Corona Virus Disease 2019, affects all the sector

of the society. And the independent variable is its impact to the society,

economy, life of individual and on the livelihood of the drivers in Cotabato City.

This study was an attempt to determine the impact of this pandemic to the

drivers. How they face this current problem of the world to provide to their

family.

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Scope and Limitations

This study focuses on the main topic that is " The impact of Covid-19 pandemic

on the livelihood of Public transport drivers in Cotabato City" The respondents

are selected with in the jurisdiction of Cotabato City.

Significance of the Study

This research aims to help understand and discuss the impact of this

pandemic to the lie and livelihood of the drivers to benefit the following:

To the drivers, being a driver in the public areas is one of the hard job that

people can acquire. But this occupation give a big contribution to the society,

because this serve as the backbone of the society. They provide rides for

millions of people across the country.

To the students, to enlighten the minds of the youth to respect and value this

type of job. To not judge and belittle them by their looks or physical

appearance. Because rain or shine they are doing their job for their

responsibilities to their family.

To the future researcher, this study may help the future researchers to meet

their goals in documenting the live, specifically the livelihood of drivers during

this time of pandemic.

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Definition of Terms

The following terms and terminologies were used in the study to give a clear

perspective about the Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the livelihood of Public

Transport Drivers in Cotabato City.

Covid-19 - is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. A pandemic or

virus that killed many lives of peopl.

Economy - the wealth and resources of a country or region, especilly in terms

of the production and consumption of goods and services.

Impact - the force of impression of one thing on another.

Quarantine - a state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals

that have arrived from elsewhere or been exposed to infectious or contagious

disease are placed.

Transportation - ability and the need to transport large quantities of goods or

numbers of people or numbers of people over long distances at high speed in

comfort and safely has been an index of civilization and in particular of

technological progress.

Vaccine - a substance use to stimulate the production oif antibodies and

provide immunity against one or several diseases

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Virus- a microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or

reproduce apart from a living cell. A virus invades living cells and use their

chemical machinery to keep itself alive and replicate itself.

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 Chapter II

Review Related Literature

The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are stretching far beyond the

spread of the disease. Efforts to contain transmission have triggered the worst

global economic crisis in a century, devastating the livelihoods of millions. In

the developing world, reduced incomes, food insecurity, inadequate education,

and increased domestic violence, are all contributing to a worsening in welfare

and poverty.

While there is no way to tell exactly what the economic damage from the global

COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic will be, there is widespread agreement

among economists that it will have severe negative impacts on the global

economy. Early estimates predicated that, should the virus become a global

pandemic, most major economies will lose at least 2.4 percent of the value their

gross domestic product (GDP) over 2020, leading economists to already reduce

their 2020 forecasts of global economic growth down from around 3.0 percent

to 2.4 percent.

The Covid-19 pandemic is a global shock ‘like no other’, involving simultaneous

disruptions to both supply and demand in an interconnected world economy.

On the supply side, infections reduce labour supply and productivity, while

lockdowns, business closures, and social distancing also cause supply

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disruptions. On the demand side, layoffs and the loss of income (from

morbidity, quarantines, and unemployment) and worsened economic prospects

reduce household consumption and firms’ investment. The extreme uncertainty

about the path, duration, magnitude, and impact of the pandemic could pose a

vicious cycle of dampening business and consumer confidence and tightening

financial conditions, which could lead to job losses and investment. Key

challenges for any empirical economic analysis of Covid-19 are how to identify

this unprecedented shock, how to account for its non-linear effects, how to

consider its cross-country spillovers (and other observed and unobserved

global factors), and how to quantify the uncertainty surrounding forecasts,

given its unprecedented nature.

This pandemic considered as one of the biggest problem of the Philippine

government. The economic growth of the country move slowly. The livelihood of

the people was affected by this virus, like the drivers of public vehicles in

Cotabato.

This pandemic has a positive and negative impact to the society and people. In

society, it helps the surroundings to stay clean and the population of the

people in the city or public areas was lessen

Because of this people become responsible to their actions, specially vendors

in the market. To the people, they become responsible to their selves to observe

cleanliness to their homes and by their selves. The negative is, the bonding

with other people lessen too because of being afraid in transmission of this

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virus. Up to this moment, specialist is still studying this virus and trying to

make a vaccine for those infected persons worldwide.

Transportation sector has been one of the primary victims of COVID-19. From

rickshaw pullers to airlines, all have been affected economically by the

pandemic. India's overall energy demand fell by 11% in March 20201. Due to

lockdown in many countries, the demand for passenger transport has been

adversely hit. The freight segment has had a mixed short-term effect in terms

of transportation demand. There is a surge in demand for truck drivers in

transportation of essential goods. For instance, there is 40% to 60% increase of

product being moved into grocery stores and warehouses in US since COVID

spread started2. However, the supply chain disruption and slowdown caused

by COVID is expected to pull down freight demand in the medium-term. Urban

freight segments in India have also had a mixed short-term effect in terms of

transportation demand. Since February, the online food orders have dropped

by 20% whereas online grocery orders are overflowing3. It is to yet to be seen

whether these acquired habits of online grocery shopping will sustain after the

pandemic passes.

Even though the fall in passenger transport demand is pushed by social

distancing restrictions, COVID-19 may have a long-term effect on people's

travel behaviour.

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 Chapter III

Research Methodology

Presented in this chapter is the methodology of the study which consist of the

research design, locale of the study, respondents, instrumentation, data

gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

This study uses descriptive type of research. This method used to identify the

impact of Covid-19 on the livelihood of public transport drivers in Cotabato

City. In conducting this study, survey questionnaire is the main instrument in

gathering data of the study.

The researcher prepare a sample survey questionnaire derived from the

theoretical framework of the study and present it to the research adviser for

comments and suggestion that would make the questionnaire acceptable to the

respondents.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted on the public transport drivers, such as ; jeeney

drivers, van drivers, multicab drivers and others that residence of Cotabato

City.

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Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be 30 drivers that belong to the area of

Cotabato City.

Sampling Technique

Non-random formula is use in determining the sample respondents of the

study. Furthermore, total complete enumeration will be use as a sampling

technique for the drivers in Cotabato City.

Research Instument

To provide and gather as much informative and relative evaluation descriptive

method will use. This method includes questionnaire and interviews. The tools

use by the researcher are discuss. The questionnaire is use as the main data

-gathering instrument for that day. It is divided into two main sectors: the

profile and the questionnaire proper. The profile contains socio-demographic

characteristics of respondents such as name, age, gender, civil status, religion

and route of drivers.

Data Gathering

A 30 pieces of survey questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents that

willing to answer the questionnaire about the impact of Covid - 19 on the

livelihood of public transport drivers in Cotabato City.The respondenta will be

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given a time to answer the questionnaire and it will be retrieve by the

researcher. A random interview will be done to validate the perception of the

respondents and also observation will be conducted.

Statistical Tool for Analysis

Frequency Percentage and Mean will be use in describing the impact of Covid-

19 pandemic on the livelihood of public transport drivers in Cotabato City.

Person Product Moment will be use in the Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the

livelihood of Public transport drivers in Cotabato City.

The cut-off points in describing the Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the

livelihood of Public transport drivers in Cotabato City will be the following:

4 - Strongly Agreed

3 - Agree

2 - Moderately Dis Agree

1 - Strongly Dis Agree

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 Survey Questionnaire

Direction: Kindly fill in and check the box that best describe you.

A. Socio-demographic Profile

Name (optional):

Age:

Gender: Male Female

Civil Status: Married Single

Religion: Islam Catholic Others(Specify)

Route:

B. DIRECTINONS: Check the box that corresponds to your answer.

QUESTIONS YES NO

1. Do Covid-19 affect your source of income?

2. Do Covid-19 increase your daily earnings?

3. Do Covid-19 affect yourself?

4. Do Covid-19 affect the relationship of your family?

5. Do Covid-19 helped you strengthen your faith to

Allah/God?

6. If Covid-19 ill stay longer, do you find it good on your

livelihood?

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