Reports Interview Q&A..
Reports Interview Q&A..
Reports Interview Q&A..
A. ABAP Query (also known as an SAP Query or Query) is a powerful tool used to generate simple reports
without any coding. Typically, an ABAP query is created first by defining a User Group and a Functional Group.
The functional group can either be created with reference to a logical table or a database table.
A. This is a very good tool for developing simple and medium complex reports.
Sq03 - this is used to define user groups which group together users to work on infoset assigned to the group
A. Yes,ABAP code is used with SAP query tool to enhance the query output. You can write down the code under the Extras tab
for the Infoset in the SQ02 Tcode.
A. TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.
Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of
already existing data object.
A. With work area you have to copy the content of the internal table row to the work area, which can take some
time if you have long structure.
With the field symbol no copy is neccessary, it will only a reference to that line within the internal table.
7. Is it possible to write a program without specifying the table names under ‘TABLES’ statement?
8. How to define Select-Options without specifying the table name?
A.
9. What are the different types Internal Table and which is preferable?
A.there are 3 types of internal tables in sap abap programming those are,
Standard internal table
Storted internal table
hashed internal table
standard internal table is preferable.
10. why standard internal table is preferable?
A. Standard tables are therefore to be preferred for writing. ... A search in a standard table with 50,000 data
records will therefore start from the very first data record. In the worst-case scenario where the requested data record
is at the very end, all preceding 49,999 data records will be read
11. What are the Type Groups and explain about them?
A type group is an ABAP program managed by ABAP Dictionary that is initiated by the statement TYPE-POOL
and that contains ABAP statements for defining globally visible data types, constants, and macros. More
information about type groups can be found under ABAP Program Types and under the statement TYPE-POO
12. What are the performance tips do you follow while developing an object? OR
What are the performance tips do you follow to improve the performance in the given program?
Avoid nested loops as far as possible.
Avoid unnecessary loops. ...
Avoid unnecessary database accesses. ...
Select the data once only If required, save them in global or static variables or instance attributes
13. What are the performance tools do you perform before the object is released (or) once the development is
completed?
A.
14. How can you format the data before write statement in the report?
a) .at first
b) .at new
c) .at last
The difference between the table and template is that, table is a dynamic and template is a static
16. Mention what is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
ALV stands for Application List Viewer. To enhance the output of the report, SAP provides a set of ALV function
modules which can be used, and it also improves the functionality and readability of any report output. It is an
efficient tool used for arranging the columns in a report output.
'Type': You assign data type directly to the data object while declaring.
'Like': You assign the data type of another object to the declaring data object.
'Type' refers the existing data type while 'Like' refers to the existing data object.
A report is an executable program; dialog is a module pool program. It has to be executed via a transaction only.
Dialog programming is used for customizations of screens.
To synchronize access of several users using same data Lock objects are used.
A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables. It stores data as name value pair.
Report is a program used to fetch data from the database tables and display it on the screen. It has 2 screens selection
screen(optional) and list or output screen.
TOP-OF-PAGE event will be triggered when the first ULINE, WRITE or SKIP statement occurs in a program.
SKIP provides empty space between lines, while RESERVE executes a page break on the current page if the number
of lines between current line and the page footer is less than the number specified in RESERVE statement.
26.What is the difference between SKIP and NEW-LINE?
SKIP generates a blank line, while the NEW-LINE causes the control to move to next line.
27.What is hotspot?
Hotspot is an area on the list where the mouse pointer turns into an upright hand symbol. A single click on the
hotspot does the same thing as a double-click.
The HIDE statement hides the contents of the line along with the line numbers in a system defined HIDE area. This
is used in interactive reporting.
INITIALIZATION
AT SELECTION-SCREEN
START-OF-SELECTION
END-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
END-OF-PAGE
20
31.What is the name of the system variable that holds the contents of the selected line in interactive
reporting?
SY-LISEL
Filtering of records
Totals and Sub-totals
If you’ll use the ALV you have to add TYPE-POOLS : SLIS. command at the beginning of your code.
SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV,
SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV
SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,
SLIS_T_EVENT,
SLIS_SELFIELD.
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The default variant can be found using the function module ‘REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET’.
Totals
Interaction
Detail screen
Color
Other
What Is A Report?
There are 2 type of reports:
Interactive report
Classic reports
In classic reports, we can see the output in single list where as in interactive reports we can see the output in multiple
lists.
Classical reports are normal reports. These reports are not having any sub reports. IT IS HAVING ONLY ONE
SCREEN/LIST FOR OUTPUT.
We can have a basic list (number starts from 0) and 20 secondary lists (1 to 21).
AT USER-COMMAND
AT PF<key>
43.How Many Types Of Tables Are There In Data Dictionary And What They?
Transparent table
47.What Is The Difference Between At Selection Screen And At Selection Screen Output?
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT is like Process Before Output Event. This would get triggered before screen
is displayed. This can be used to make fields invisible/visible based on selection.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN: This would be triggered if you hit anything (Enter, Drop-Down, Help, Execute) after
the selection screen is displayed.
48.In Alv's How Would You Get Default Values In The Selection Screen?
Create a variant in the ALV Report with whatever columns you would like to see and set sort criteria and column
widths and save as a default variant.
Enter all the fields (MANDT must be the first field) and appropriate data elements or Built in Types for each field.
Make sure you select the Primary Key for this table.
SAP is a type of software known as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) that large company use to manage their day
to day affairs. ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is the coding language for SAP to develop
RICEFW objects. (Reports, Interfaces, Extensions, Forms and Workflows).
To describe the logical structures of the objects that are used in application development ABAP 4 data dictionary is
used. It is also used to show the underlying relational database in tables.
Transparent tables: It has one to one relation with the table in the database. Its structure corresponds to single
database field.
Pooled tables: It has many to one relation with the table in the database. Pooled tables are stored at the database
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It is an automatic procedure to transfer large or external data into SAP system. 'Queue file' is the central component
of the transfer, which receives the data through batch input programs and groups that are associated into 'sessions'.
Organization Data: This data is a customized data and is entered in the system when the system is configured. It is
rarely changed.
Internal table exists only when the program is run. It is used for performing table calculations on subset of database
tables and also for re-organizing the content of database tables as per the users need.
a) BDC_OPEN_GROUP
b) BDC_INSERT
c) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
To ensure the consistency of data, foreign keys are used. The relationship established between the tables and must
be explicitly defined at field level. Data entered should be checked against the existing data to ensure that there is no
contradiction. Cardinality has to be specified while defining foreign key relationship.
9) In ABAP what are the differences between table and structure in data dictionary?
b) Structure does not have primary key but table can have
c) Table can have the technical attribute but the structure does not have
Smart forms allow you to create forms using a graphical design tool.
For SAP, SAP scripts are a word processing tool. It has a function like standard text and layout sets. Its layout set
consists of: Windows and pages, Character formats, Paragraph formats etc.
a) In ABAP dictionary, select object type Table, enter a table name and choose create
b) A field maintenance screen for the table is displayed. Table type Transparent table, set it as a default
c) Make the necessary entries in the short description and delivery classified on the Attributes page. Then define the
fields of the table.
f) When a dialogue box appears you have to select the table type 'Pooled table' or 'Cluster table'
g) After selecting the table, return to the field maintenance screen for the table. Field pool or cluster name is
displayed on the Attributes tab page in addition to the standard fields.
h) Now enter the name of the table cluster or table pool to which you want to assign the cluster table.
13) How can you format the data before write statement in the report?
a) .at first
b) .at new
c) .at last
The difference between the table and template is that, table is a dynamic and template is a static.
15) Mention what is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
ALV stands for Application List Viewer. To enhance the output of the report, SAP provides a set of ALV function
modules which can be used, and it also improves the functionality and readability of any report output. It is an
efficient tool used for arranging the columns in a report output.
End of the selection event is mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is
retrieved in the start of selection event and printing on the list and all will be done at the end of the selection event.
17) Mention the difference between ABAP and OOABAP? In what situation do you use OOABAP?
ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3, while OOABAP is used to develop BSP/ PCUI applications
and also anything that an involved object oriented like BADI's and SmartForms etc.
18) What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?
Over here, buffer means memory area, table buffer means the table information is available on the application
server. When you call data from database table, it will come from application server. Transparent tables and pool
tables are buffered, while cluster table cannot be buffered.
'Type': You assign data type directly to the data object while declaring.
'Like': You assign the data type of another object to the declaring data object.
'Type' refers the existing data type while 'Like' refers to the existing data object.
21) What are the different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?
The 2 editors are SE38 and SE80 and both have the ABAP editor in place. In SE38 , you can create programs and
view online reports and basically do all the development of objects in this editor. In SE80, there are additional
features such as creating packages, function group, module pool, classes, programs and BSP applications.
A report is an executable program; dialog is a module pool program. It has to be executed via a transaction only.
Dialog programming is used for customizations of screens.
To synchronize access of several users using same data Lock objects are used.
A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables. It stores data as name value pair.
a) Tables
b) Views
c) Domain
d) Data Element
e) Type Groups
g) Lock Objects
h) Structures
i) Table Types
27) What are the ways you can do the tuning? What are the major steps will you use for these?
Tunning can be done in three ways disk i/o, SQL tunning and memory tunning. Before tunning, you have to get the
status of your database using oracle utility called statpack and tkprof .
A control agent referred as SAP dispatcher, manages resources for the R/3 applications.
30) Mention what are the two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
a) Append structures
b) Customizing includes
31) What is the difference between a 'Database index' and a 'Match code'?
'Database Index' contains fields from one table while 'Match Code' contain fields from several tables. Match code
objects can be built on cluster tables, transparent tables and pooled tables.
By using modularization techniques, you can avoid redundancy if the program contains the same or similar blocks
of statements or it is required to process the same function several times. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs,
we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and
update.
33) How can you create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
a) By defining Macros
34) What are different types of parameters? How can you distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
a) Formal Parameters: It is defined during the definition of subroutine with the 'FORM' statement
b) Actual Parameters: It is specified during the call of a subroutine with the 'PERFORM' statement
You can distinguish different kind of parameters by their functionality. Input parameters are used to pass data to
subroutines, while output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
a) Semantic Integrity
b) Relational Integrity
f) Operational Integrity