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Mobile learning is becoming a crucial tool in this era of face-to-face shutdown of education, and

however the whole process currently faces a significant deficiency due to the kind of cognitive load that
does exist and its relation with mobile device screen display size. It is well-established that certain
screen sizes are more effective than others. A research conducted by Alasmari (2020), revealed that
students having smartphones with small screen sizes get the least cognitive load, followed by large-
screen tablet users who get the second least cognitive load, whereas the small-screen tablets and large
screen smartphones create the most cognitive load. On the other hand, students have a great impact of
cognitive load on their performance and efficiency. According to the findings, students having small
screen size smartphones got the lowest cognitive load.

Mangen (2013) conducted an experiment on primary school children, to look at the nature of the
electronic media used by students to see if that has an effect on learning outcomes. Using a specific
testing format, students undertook a comprehension test immediately after studying a text either using
a mobile phone or a lap-top. The decision on what device to use was the students’ own with most opting
to use a mobile phone (68% of the students). Analysis of answers from the comprehension test after the
study period showed a significant decrease in student performance when they used mobile phones
compared to lap-tops (p < 0.05). This study shows that despite the move by many universities to employ
mobile telephone apps to enhance learning and engagement by students, the type of device used may
be crucial.

The development of digital media technology in the twenty-first century has led to a rapid
development of moving images as an educational medium. Higher education is experiencing a paradigm
shift in how video-based learning resources are delivered. A paper by Bennett, Hand, and Allan (2008)
investigated the effect of mobile phone screen size (1.65 inches- 2.75 inches) on video based learning.
Findings indicate that regardless of the screen size of a mobile phone, students tended to have a
positive overall opinion of m-learning and watching the video significantly increased their knowledge of
the subject area. However, if an m-learning environment that relies heavily on video based material is
displayed on a mobile device with a small screen (1.65 inches), such as an average mobile phone, then
the effectiveness of the learning experience may be inhibited. An experiment on the impact of large
displays and cognitive factors influenced virtual reality performances shows that some users, depending
on their visual attention abilities, improve their performances when working with large displays. This
experiment shows also that performances gain depend on the nature of the task. The results permit to
consider large display as a cognitive aid for difficult interaction tasks or for users with low visual
attention abilities. This type of cognitive approach can help designers to make choice of display
configuration depending on users’ cognitive abilities and tasks. (Tyndiuk, Lespinet-Najib, Thomas, and
Schlick, 2004)

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