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    Theory: Determination of Percentage Composition of Sugar Solution by Oswald'S Viscometer

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    SUDIPA KONER
    The experiment determined the percentage composition of an unknown sugar solution using a Ostwald viscometer. [1] Flow times for water, known sugar solutions (2%, 5%, 10%), and an unknown solution were measured. [2] Relative viscosities were calculated and plotted against concentration to form a calibration curve. [3] The curve was used to determine that the unknown solution had a concentration of 6.8%.

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    Theory: Determination of Percentage Composition of Sugar Solution by Oswald'S Viscometer

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    SUDIPA KONER
    901 views5 pages
    The experiment determined the percentage composition of an unknown sugar solution using a Ostwald viscometer. [1] Flow times for water, known sugar solutions (2%, 5%, 10%), and an unknown solution were measured. [2] Relative viscosities were calculated and plotted against concentration to form a calibration curve. [3] The curve was used to determine that the unknown solution had a concentration of 6.8%.

    Original Title

    Expt 5 --Viscosity1

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    The experiment determined the percentage composition of an unknown sugar solution using a Ostwald viscometer. [1] Flow times for water, known sugar solutions (2%, 5%, 10%), and an unknown solution were measured. [2] Relative viscosities were calculated and plotted against concentration to form a calibration curve. [3] The curve was used to determine that the unknown solution had a concentration of 6.8%.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    901 views5 pages

    Theory: Determination of Percentage Composition of Sugar Solution by Oswald'S Viscometer

    Uploaded by

    SUDIPA KONER
    The experiment determined the percentage composition of an unknown sugar solution using a Ostwald viscometer. [1] Flow times for water, known sugar solutions (2%, 5%, 10%), and an unknown solution were measured. [2] Relative viscosities were calculated and plotted against concentration to form a calibration curve. [3] The curve was used to determine that the unknown solution had a concentration of 6.8%.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Experiment No.

    5 Date: 11/06/2021

    DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF


    SUGAR SOLUTION BY OSWALD’S VISCOMETER
    Theory
    Whenever a liquid flow, each portion of it experience a resistance to flow while flowing
    across another position. The co-efficient of viscosity is a measure of this resistance to flow. It is
    defined as tangential force required maintaining a unit velocity gradient between two parallel
    layers of liquid of unit area and it can be expressed as follows:
    Tangential force
    
    areaXvelocitygradient
    Its unit is poise and is given by dyne second/square cm.
    In Ostwald Viscometer the force driving a liquid of viscosity(1) through capillary
    depends on the difference in liquid level (h), the density (d1), and the acceleration due to gravity
    (g) . So it is given by the expression hgd1.
    If exactly the same volume of liquid of viscosity 2, is introduced into the same tube, the
    driving force is equal to hgd2, where d2 is the density of the second liquid.
    Therefore for a given apparatus and the same volume of liquid,  is proportional to the
    driving force and to the time of out flow.
     2 hd 2 g t 2
    Hence,  
    1 hd1g t 1
    2 d t
     2 2
    1 d1 t 1

    This expression gives the viscosity of the second liquid relative to that of the first.

    Procedure
    1.
    The Ostwald Viscometer tube is filled up first with distilled water of particular volume

    (as instructed during lab class) and the time is noted with the help of stopwatch for distilled

    water to pass from one mark to another mark in the viscometer. It is repeated twice.
    2.
    Different sugar solutions (same volume) of known concentration (such as 2%, 5% and

    10%) are taken and the corresponding flow time in viscometer are noted using the above
    procedure. The above procedure are repeated again for the supplied sample solution of

    unknown concentration.

    3. The density of each solution are provided.

    Observation

    Table: Determination of time of flow


    [[[
    Concentration
    SI. Types of Density Time of flow Mean Time
    of sugar
    No. solutions (gm/cc) (Sec) (Sec)
    solution
    0% 1.0061 Ist reading 60.43 60.51
    1. Water
    2nd reading 60.60
    1st sugar 2% 1.0130 Ist reading 63.03 63.08
    2.
    solution 2nd reading 63.12

    2nd sugar 5% 1.0240 Ist reading 65.59 65.68


    3.
    solution 2nd reading 65.78

    3rd sugar 10% 1.0430 Ist reading 73.07 73.22


    4.
    solution 2nd reading 73.37
    Unknown Z% 1.0370 Ist reading 68.81 68.85
    5.
    sugar solution 2nd reading 68.90

    *Room temperature at the time of the experiment = 25.4C

    Calculation

    1.
    The viscosity of water at noted temperature was found out from literature given below
    water
     at 25.4C =

    2. Relative viscosity of each solution was calculated from the relation:


    d 2t 2
    2   water
    d 1t1
    a. 2
    Then a graph is plotted taking ‘coefficient of viscosity’  in Y axis and

    percentage concentration of sugar solutions in X axis. A straight line is found and

    the concentration of unknown sugar solution (Z%) is found out by drawing

    perpendicular from the straight line from the point of coefficient of viscosity of

    unknown solution on the X axis.

    By calculation,
    2%
    η = 0.938 cP
    5%
    η = 0.987 cP
    10%
    η = 1.121 cP
    Z%
    η = 1.048 cP
    Viscosity Coefficient of water at different temperature (obtained from Literature)

    Temperature Viscosity Co-efficient


    o

    ( C) (Centipoise)

    20 1.005

    25 0.8937

    30 0.8007

    40 0.6560

    50 0.5494

    Conclusion:

    The percentage concentration of the unknown sugar solution = Z%=6.8 %

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