1-Introduction to Oabject Technology

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Outline

1. Programming Paradigm
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT TECHNOLOGY 2. Object Technology
3. Java
Nguyen Thi Thu Trang
trangntt@soict.hust.edu.vn 4. Exercises

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Programming paradigm
1.1. Assembly
code
• Machine code Machine
• Assembly language
Code
• Procedural programming languages
• COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal, C
• Assembly language
• Object programming languages • Is a sequence programming language, is very close to
• C++, Java, C#.NET, Python machine codes of CPU.
• Hard to remember, to write, especially for complex
systems.
• Hard to fix, to maintain.

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1.2. Procedural Languages 1.3. Object-Oriented Programming

• Proceduralor structural • Programming implementation
programming focuses technique based on objects
mainly on writing software • Software engineering best
based on functions practice
• Data and functions that
• The use of objects allow systems to
manipulate data are kept
become extensible, scalable,
separate maintainable and adaptable
• Proceduralprograms • Closely represent objects of the
cannot easily enforce a real world, keeping the
common way to access programmer in touch with the
data problem

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Outline Object Technology

• Object technology is a set of
1. Programming Paradigm rules (e.g. abstraction,
2. Object Technology encapsulation,
polymophism), instructions
3. Java to build a software, together
4. Exercises with languages, databases
and other tools to support
these rules.
(Object Technology - A Manager’s Guide, Taylor, 1997)

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The Strengths of Object Technology The History of Object Technology

• Reflects a single paradigm • Major object technology milestones
• Facilitates architectural and code reuse
• Reflects real world models more closely
Simula C ++ UML Python 3
• Encourages stability
• Is adaptive to change 1967 Late 1980s 1996 2008

1972 1991 2004

Smalltalk Java, UML 2

Python

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Where Is Object Technology Used? Where Is Object Technology Used? (2)

• Client/Server Systems
• Real-time systems
and Web Development
• Object technology enables real-time
• Object technology
systems to be developed with higher
allows companies to
quality and flexibility.
encapsulate business
information in objects 4

and helps to distribute

processing across the
Internet or a network.

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Object-Oriented Programming What is an Object?

Tom Car
House
• Object is the key
to understand the Reality

object technology Tree

• In a OO system,
all are objects Object-Oriented Modeling

Model

drives
House Car
lives in
Writing a OO program means to build Tree

a model of some parts in the real world Tom

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What is an Object? Attributes

Interactions between objects
• Communication between objects in the real world
• An object is an entity with a
well-defined boundary and
identity that encapsulates
state and behavior.
• State is represented by
attributes and relationships. • Objects and their interactions in programming
• Behavior is represented by • Objects communicate to each other by message passing
operations, methods, and state Object
machines. Operations

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Software objects and a real-life problem What Is a Class?

Problem of bank account management –ATM ther – electronic payment

Account name: Duc Binh • A classis a description of a set of objects that

Attributes
Balance: 2.000.000 VND
I’d like to check
my balance share the same attributes, operations, relationships,
and semantics.
Actions Deposit Debit Service request
• An object is an instance of a class.
Balance inquiry
Balance inquiry • A class is an abstraction in that it
Software space • Emphasizes relevant characteristics.
Account object
User object • Suppresses other characteristics.
Attributes
name: Duc Binh Class
Balance: 2.000.000 VND Message passing
+ attribute
+ operation()
Actions Deposit() Withdraw() checkBalance()

checkBalance()

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Class and Object Account object of Mr Duc Binh

Structural vs. OO Programming
Account Class (model of objects) • Structural Programming
name: Duc Binh
Definition of member variable
Attribute
Balance: 2.000.000 VND
• data structures + algorithms = Program
• Object-Oriented:
operation Deposit() Withdraw()
Attribute String name; • objects + messages = Program
long balance; checkBalance()

INSTANTIATE
Method definition
Account object of Mrs Thu Lan

void deposit(int money);

name: Thu Lan
Attribute
Balance: 1.000.000 VND
operation
void withdraw()
operation Deposit() Withdraw()

int checkBalance() checkBalance()

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Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Programming Outline

• Procedural Programming:
• Main components are procedures, functions 1. Programming Paradigm
• Data is independent with procedures
2. Object Technology
• Object-Oriented Programming 3. Java
• Main components are objects
• Data is associated to function (method) in an object
4. Exercises
• Each data structure has methods executing on it

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3.1 What is Java? Java SE (Java Platform Standard Edition)

• Java is a object-oriented • https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-
programming language
se-glance.html
developped by Sun
Microsystems, and now • Former name: J2SE
bought by Oracle
• Develop and deploy Java applications
• Java is a popular Green Team and James Gosling
(the leader)
programming language on desktops and servers
• Initially used for building control
processor applications inside the
electronics consumer devices
such as cell phones, microwaves
...
• Initially used in 1995

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JRE and JDK Java EE (Java Platform Enterprise Edition)

• Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE) • https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-
• Executable Environment or JRE provides Java APIs, ee-glance.html
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and other necessary
• Former name: J2EE. New name (from 2020)
components to run applets and applications written in
Java. • Extending Java SE with specifications for
• Java SE Development Kit (JDK) enterprise features such as distributed
• Super set of JRE, and contains everything in the JRE, computing and web services
additional tools such as compilers and the debugger • Web Applications: Servlet/JSP, JSF…
need to develop applets and applications. • Enterprise Applications: EJB, JavaMail…

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Java ME (Java Platform Micro Edition) 3.2 Java platform

• https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javame • Platform is environment
overview.html for development of
deployment.
• Applications running on embedded and mobile
• Java platform can be run
devices in the Internet of Things
on all OSs
• Micro-controllers, sensors, gateways,
• Other platforms depend on
• Mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), hardware
• TV set-top boxes, printers • Java platform provides:
• Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
• Application Programming
Interface (API).

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3.3. Compiling model of Java 3.3. Compiling model of Java (2)

• b. Compiling model of Java:
• a. Classical compiling model: • Source code is compiled
• Source code is compiled into binary code. into bytecode and then %javac Hello.java

interpreted by JVM. Hello.class created

%cc Hello.c –o Hello % java Hello

% Hello
Run JVM Byte Code
Run Binary Code

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Development procedure of Java Applications 3.3. Compiling Model of Java (3)

• Java Virtual Machine:
• JVM is the heart of Java language
javac Hello.java java Hello • Bring the feature “Write once, run everywhere”
Notepad,vi
• Provides environment to execute instructions:
Emacs,
Editplus • Load file .class
Source
Java
• Manage memory
Editor code Execution
Compiler • Garbage collections
• The Interpreter “Just In Time - JIT”
Hello.java Hello.class
• Transform bytecode to machine code for each type of CPU.

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3.4. Features of Java 3.4. Features of Java (2)

• Java is designed to be: • Powerful
• Class library: Hundreds of classes already written with
• A powerful programming language, full of OO
utility functions.
features and completely OO. • Java uses pointer model without accessing directly to
• Easy to learn, syntax is similar to C++ the memory; memory can not be over-written.
• Platform independance • Object-Oriented

• Support the development of applications in • Java supports software development by using OO

network environment • Software built in Java includes classes and objects

• Ideal for Web application

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3.4. Features of Java (3) 3.4. Features of Java (3)

• Simple • Java has 50 key words
• assert (New in 1.5) enum (New in 1.5)
• Keywords
• Java has 50 keywords
• Compared to Cobol VB that have hundreds of keywords
• Network capable
• Java supports the development of distributed
applications
• Some applications of Java are designed in order
to be accessed via Web browser.

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3.4. Features of Java (5) 3.4. Features of Java (6)

• Multi-threaded • Development Environment
• Allows a program to run more than one • Java Development Kit
task at the same time. • Free on Sun Website: java.sun.com
• Including: Compiler, JVM and existing classes
• Portable
• Integrated Development Environments (IDEs):
• Programs can be written once and run on Providing:
different platforms • Complex Text Editors

• Based on compiler/interpreter model • Debugging Tools

• Graphics Development Tools
(WORE – Write Once, Run Everywhere)

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3.5. Applications in Java 3.5. Applications in Java (2)

• Application
• Web application
• Do not need to run on browsers
• Can call functions through commands or option menu • Create dynamic content on Server instead of on
(GUI) browsers.
• main() method is the starting point of the program • Used in Server application
execution
• Applet • Servlet: manage requests from browsers and
• GUI application running on browser in the client side. send the responses back
• Can be viewed by appletviewer or embedded in Web • JavaServer Page (JSP): HTML pages with
browser with JVM installed. embedded Java code.

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Outline Example 1 - HelloWorld

// HelloWorld.java
public class HelloWorld {
1. Object-Oriented Technology /* The main() method will be called first in any
2. Object and Class Java applications */
public static void main(String args[]){
3. Java programming languages System.out.println( “Hello World!" );
}
4. Examples and Exercises }

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Example 1 (Cont.) Installing and Running Java application

• Comment • Step 1: Install jdk, install environment variables (if using
• In one line: Starts with //
cmd)
• Step 2: Install Eclipse or Netbean IDE
• In multiple lines: /* ... */
• Step 3: Coding
• Java distinguish between lowercase and
• Step 4: Compile
uppercase
• cmd: javac HelloWorld.java
• Keywords in Java:
• Eclipse/Netbean: Build automatically (Look at Console
• class: Class definition to see syntax errors if any)/F11 (Project) or F9 (File)
• public: Access permission • Step 5: Run program
• Class name containing main function must have • cmd: java HelloWorld
the same name with the file .java. • Eclipse/Netbean: Run as Java application
(Alt+Shift+X+J)/F6 (Project) or Shift-F6 (File)

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Environment Variables Example 2 - GUI

• PATH = %PATH%;C:\Program Files\Java\jdkx.x\bin
• JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdkx.x import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
• CLASSPATH = C:\Program public class FirstDialog{
Files\Java\jdkx.x\lib;.;C:\Program public static void main(String[] args){
Files\Java\jdkx.x\include
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
”Xin chao ban!”);
System.exit(0);
}
}

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Example 3 – Data Input/Output

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class HelloNameDialog{
public static void main(String[] args){
String result;
result = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(“Hay nhap
ten ban:”);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
”Xin chao “+ result + “!”);
System.exit(0);
}
}

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