COVER

1|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING

 PREFACE

All praises to Allah swt, who always give us health and good knowledge from every
source, and because of that, we are able to study and learn about something new that very
useful for us to develop our skills.
Sholawat and salam always we send to our prophet Muhammad saw, who is the best
and the biggest leader in this world, and he has brought the human beings from the broken
tradition to the brilliant tradition.
Every development of time will always be followed by the development of science
and technology. Then the process of teaching in school must always keep updating by
following these developments.
Based on the development of science knowledge of this technology, then we present a
book Supporting Self Learning as a complement of what has been given by the government
through Electronic School Book (ESB)
This supporting book is structured in accordance with the applicable curriculum with
emphasis on the development of creativity and potential of students. In this book students are
encouraged more competitive and able to learn independently by exploiting its potential.
Hopefully this book will always give benefit to all components of education, both
teachers, parents, and students themselves. We always welcome suggestions that we are
always able to present the best for education.

June 2020

Author

2|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING

 PRELIMINARY

National Examination is held annually, in this regard, it is necessary to provide

additional materials for class XII students. This module contains materials that are often
tested in national exams. This module is prepared as a material handbook of writers and
students in preparing the national exam. This module is additional material for students who
are individually and independently studied. In this module is accompanied by explanations
and examples of how to work so that students try to answer themselves after it can be
checked on the key answers available.
The author has a specific purpose in compiling this module is as follows:

1. Make students solve problems independently without the help of teachers, but if not
clear still many opportunities to ask the teacher at his school.

2. This module can be learned to fill the empty hours when the teacher is unable to
attend.

3. Additional hours outside of lesson time in order for learning activities to run smoothly
demanded good cooperation between students and teachers, one of which is a student
seeking his own knowledge other than that given by his teacher in the classroom.

A. Basic Competence: Understanding about attention, giving and asking for attention, and
showing the attention.

B. Expected: capabilities:
1. Students can use Positive attention, giving and asking for attention, and showing the
attention’s expressions both written and oral.
2. Students understand the text structure of attention, giving and asking for attention, and
showing the attention, both written and oral.

3|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING

 CONTENTS

COVER.....................................................................................................................................1
PREFACE.................................................................................................................................2
PRELIMINARY.......................................................................................................................3
CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................6
LEARNING ACTIVITIES 1: USING WHO, WHICH, AND THAT...................................8
1. Descriptions and Examples.............................................................................................8
2. Exercises.........................................................................................................................8
3. Summary.........................................................................................................................9
4. Formative Test................................................................................................................9
5. Feedback and Follow-up...............................................................................................10
LEARNING ACTIVITIES 2: USING WHOM, WHICH, AND THAT.............................11
1. Descriptions and Examples...........................................................................................11
2. Exercises.......................................................................................................................12
3. Summary.......................................................................................................................13
4. Formative Test..............................................................................................................13
5. Feedback and Follow-up...............................................................................................14
LEARNING ACTIVITIES 3: USING WHOSE..................................................................15
1. Descriptions and Examples...........................................................................................15
2. Exercises.......................................................................................................................15
3. Summary.......................................................................................................................16
4. Formative Test..............................................................................................................16
5. Feedback and Follow-up...............................................................................................17
LEARNING ACTIVITIES 4: USING WHERE AND WHEN...........................................18
1. Descriptions and Examples...........................................................................................18
2. Exercises.......................................................................................................................19
3. Summary.......................................................................................................................20
4. Formative Test..............................................................................................................20
5. Feedback and Follow-up...............................................................................................21
LEARNING ACTIVITIES 5: RESTRICTIVE AND NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE. 22
1. Descriptions and Examples...........................................................................................22
2. Exercises.......................................................................................................................22
4|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING
 3. Summary.......................................................................................................................23
4. Formative Test..............................................................................................................24
5. Feedback and Follow-up...............................................................................................25
ANSWER KEY.......................................................................................................................26
Learning Activities 1............................................................................................................26
Learning Activities 2............................................................................................................27
Learning Activities 3............................................................................................................29
Learning Activities 4............................................................................................................30
Learning Activities 5............................................................................................................32
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................34

5|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING

 INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION
A group of words containing a subject and a
CLAUSE
verb
A complete sentence containing the main
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE subject and verb of a sentence (It is also
called “main clause”
Not a complete sentence. It must be
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
connected to an independent clause
A dependent clause that modifies a noun. It
describes, identifies, or gives further
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
information about a noun. (An adjective
clause is also called “a relative clause”)
An adjective clause use pronoun to connect
the dependent clause to the independent
clause. The adjective clause pronouns are
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE PRONOUNS
who, whom, which, that, whose (called
“relative pronouns”), where, and when (also
called “relative adverb”)

Adjective clause has 2 patterns:

Pattern Example

I lost the book whom I borrowed from her.

Whom: relative pronoun
Relative pronoun/adverb + S + V
I: subject
Borrowed: verb

The contract that was signed  last year is no

longer valid.
Relative pronoun as subject + V
That: relative pronoun as subject
Was signed: verb

When you use adjective clauses, you are able to combine two sentences into one. A
sentence with an adjective clause is called a complex sentence. Good writers use a mix of
simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences. Here are two simple
sentences:
I study at a college. It is downtown.
To make an adjective clause, we need to find two ideas in these sentences that refer to
the same thing. What is the same in these two sentences? The word ‘college‘ is in both! So,
instead of saying the word twice, we can replace one word with a relative pronoun and make
an adjective clause.
6|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING
 Here are the steps to combine sentences using adjective clause:
1 Find two words that refer to the same thing.
I study at college. It is downtown.
2 Replace the second word with a correct relative pronoun.
I study at college. It which is downtown.
3 Move the whole (adjective clause) behind the noun it modifies.
I study at a college which is downtown.
Remember that adjective clause is placed in a sentence right after the noun they describe.

7|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING

 LEARNING ACTIVITIES 1:
USING WHO, WHICH, AND THAT

1. Descriptions and Examples

Who refers to people, and used as subject in the clause and which refers to things and
animals. Meanwhile, that can be used for all people, things, and animals. Usually, the
sentence using which is more formal than the one with that.
Example:
RELATIVE INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN CLAUSE CLAUSE CLAUSE
Renata who teaches in
She teaches in English English Literature
WHO Renata is my mentor
Literature department department is my
mentor
The watch which was
The watch was It was bought
WHICH bought yesterday was
expensive yesterday
expensive
The lion that escaped
THAT The lion was captured It escaped last night
last night was captured

2. Exercises
A. Combine two sentences into one sentence using who, which, or that!

1. I saw the man. He closed the door.

2. The girl is happy. She won the prize.
3. The book is mine. It is on the table.
4. The cat just caught a mouse. It was on the terrace
5. Do you see the cat? It is on the roof.
6. The man is a dentist. He lives next to me.
7. The desk is made of oak. It was built by my friend.
8. Mia invited a guy to the party. The guy dances really well.
9. I see an open table over there. It is by the window.
10. I know a chef. He makes 100 types of pasta.

B. Give a proper relative pronoun (who, which, or that)

1. The cook _____ made the pasta was Italian

2. I read a book _____ explained how to make films.
3. The people ______ were in the bank were very frightened.
4. He wore a mask _____ made him look like Mickey Mouse
5. Lulu came with a friend _____ waited in the car.
6. This is the bank _____ was robbed yesterday.
7. Do you know the girl _____ danced with me?
8. The apples ______ are lying on the table are rotten.
8|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING
 9. The cat _____ is drinking water must be very thirsty.
10. The woman _____ lives in Hazara Town is very nice.
3. Summary
 Who is a relative pronoun as the subject of the clause. Who refers to people.
 Which and That refers to animals and things. That can be used for people.
4. Formative Test
I. Match in the columns!

 Brings you
An ambulance is a..  Man  Which
letters
A museum is a…  Vehicle  Who  Can fly
 Works in a
A pigeon is a…  Woman  Which
restaurant
 Has
A postman is a…  Building  Who historical
objects
 Takes
A waitress is a…  animal  which people to
hospital

II. Complete the sentences using who or which!

1. The girl _____ is playing the violin is my sister.

2. The man _____ is making a pizza is a chef.
3. The street _____ is here is Daisy Street.
4. The racket _____ is in his hand is top quality.
5. I know a girl _____ walks 15 dogs.
6. This is an elephant _____ has lots of colors.
7. A baker is a man _____ sells bread.
8. Look at the trees _____ are in the park.
9. This is the girl _____ was on the bus yesterday.
10. Can you read the name ______ is on the paper?
11. Take the book _____ is on the bed.
12. Where are the people _____ visited New York?
13. I prefer the ice cream _____ has a chocolate topping

III. Choose who or which and finish the sentences.

1. Jim wears a hat who/which …………………………………………………………

2. I know a woman who/which ………………………………………………………..
3. The teacher who/which
……………………………………………………………...
4. Where is the poster who/which ……………………………………………………..

9|ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MODULE LEARNING

5. Feedback and Follow-up
Match the answers above with the answer key at the end of this module. Measure the
mastery level of learning activities 1 with the following formula:
Number of correct answers
Mastery level ¿ ×100 %
Total questions
The mastery level obtained is:
• Very good = 90 - 100%
• Good = 80 - 89%
• Enough = 70 - 79%
• Less = 0 - 69%
If the mastery level reaches 80% and above, please proceed to Learning Activity 2.
However, if the mastery level is still below 80%, you must repeat Learning Activity 1
especially in the part that is not yet mastered.

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 LEARNING ACTIVITIES 2:
USING WHOM, WHICH, AND THAT

1. Descriptions and Examples

Whom refers to people and used as object in the clause and which refers to things and
animals. Meanwhile, that can be used for all people, things, and animals. Formal grammar
recommends whom not who in the object position. An object pronoun is often omitted from
an adjective clause.
Example:
RELATIVE INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN CLAUSE CLAUSE CLAUSE
Sally arrived Sally, whom he knew,
WHOM He knew her
yesterday arrived yesterday
Yesterday, I saw some
Yesterday, I saw some I want to buy them nice shoes which I
WHICH
nice shoes at the mall soon want to buy soon at the
mall
Yesterday, I saw some
THAT ~ ~ nice shoes that I want
to buy soon at the mall
Yesterday, I saw some
Ø ~ ~ nice shoes I want to
buy soon at the mall

Whom, which, and that can be used as the object of a preposition. In the very formal
English, the preposition comes at the beginning of the adjective clause, as in example (a)
below. Usually, however, in everyday usage, the preposition comes after the subject and verb
of the adjective clause, as in (b).
Note: If the preposition comes at the beginning of the adjective clause, only whom or which
may be used. A preposition is never immediately followed by that (see example (c)).
Example: preposition
She is the woman. I told you about her
a) She is the woman about whom I told you
b) She is the woman whom I told you about
c) She is the woman that I told you about
d) She is the woman I told you about

preposition
The music was good. We listened to it last night.
e) The music to which we listened last night was good.
f) The music which we listened to last night was good.

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 g) The music that we listened to last night was good.
h) The music we listened to last night was good
2. Exercises
A. Combine these sentences with whom, which or that!

1. He’s the accountant. You recommend him to me.

2. She’s the nurse. I saw her at the hospital.
3. They are the postcards. I sent them from Spain.
4. They are the secretaries. Mr. Pym employed them.
5. That’s the magazine. I got it for you yesterday.
6. They are the workmen. I paid them for the job.
7. That’s the dog! I saw it at the dog show last night.
8. Look! They’re the beautiful birds. I fed them this morning.
9. The scientist is well-known for her research. We met her yesterday.
10. She lectured on a topic. I know very little about it.

B. Choose the best answer!

1 The cookies …. you baked are really delicious.

a. who c. whom
b. which d. where

2 I want to borrow the book …. you bought last month.

a. that c. whose
b. whom d. who

3 Most of the people …. she met were from Sydney

a. who c. where
b. whom d. whose

4 Can you find the teacher …. you talked to this morning?

a. where c. whom
b. which d. who

5 The movie …. we saw last week won three awards.

a. whose c. when
b. whom d. that

6 The car …. my father buy for my birthday present is very expensive.

a. which c. who
b. whose d. when

7 I know Ms. Maria …. we met at party last night.

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 a. who c. whom
b. which d. whose

8 The topic …. Omar talked about is interesting

a. when c. who
b. which d. whose

9 The candidate …. I voted for didn’t win the election.

a. whose c. when
b. where d. whom

10 The dress …. she is wearing is new

a. where c. whose
b. who d. that

C. Identify the adjective clause in the sentence. Then give the other possible
patterns.
Example: The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good.
 Adjective clause: which we saw last night
 Other possible patterns:
 The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good.
 The movie we saw last night wasn’t very good.

1. Did I tell you about the woman I met last night?

2. The woman I was dancing with stepped on my toe.
3. The report Joe is writing must be finished by Friday.
4. The people I was waiting for were late.
5. The man whom I talked to yesterday was very kind.
3. Summary
 Whom refers to people as object in the clause.
 Which and That refers to animals and things. That can also be used for people.
 Object pronouns can be omitted.
4. Formative Test
I. Combine the two sentences in each pair. Use (b) as an adjective clause. Give all
the possible forms of the adjective clause and underline them.

1. (a) The man is over there (b) I told you about him
2. (a) The woman pays me a fair salary (b) I work for her
3. (a) Alicia likes the family (b) She is living with them
4. (a) The picture is beautiful (b) Tom is looking at it
5. (a) I enjoyed the music (b) We listened to it after dinner

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 II. Add an appropriate preposition to each sentence. Draw parentheses () around
the adjective clause.

1. I spoke ______ a person. The person (I spoke _____ ) was friendly.

2. We went _____ a movie. The movie we went _____ was very good.
3. We stayed _____ a motel. The motel we stayed _____ was clean and comfortable.
4. We listened _____ a new CD. I enjoyed the new CD we listened _____
5. Sally was waiting _____ a person. The person Sally was waiting _____ never came.
6. I talked _____ a man. The man _____ whom I talked was helpful.
7. I never found the book that I was looking _____
8. The bank I borrowed money _____ charges high interest on its loan.
9. The news article we talked _____ in class concerned a peace conference.
10. One of the subjects I’ve been interested _____ for a long time is global economics.
11. The interviewer wanted to know the name of the college I had graduated _____
12. Oscar likes the Canadian family _____ whom he is living.
13. The man I was staring _____ started to stare back at me.
14. Organic Chemistry is a subject that I’m not familiar _____
15. My sister and I have the same ideas about almost everything. She is the one person
_____ whom I almost always agree.
16. The person _____ whom you speak at the airline counter will ask to see your
passport and ticket.
17. What’s the name of the person you introduced me _____ at the restaurant last night?
I’ve already forgotten.
18. My father is someone I’ve always been able to depend _____ when I need advice or
help.
19. Look. The sailor you waved ______ is walking toward us. Now what are you going
to say?
20. Your building supervisor is the person _____ whom you should certain if you have
any problems with your apartment.

5. Feedback and Follow-up

Match the answers above with the answer key at the end of this module. Measure the
mastery level of learning activities 1 with the following formula:
Number of correct answers
Mastery level ¿ ×100 %
Total questions
The mastery level obtained is:
• Very good = 90 - 100%
• Good = 80 - 89%
• Enough = 70 - 79%
• Less = 0 - 69%

14 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 If the mastery level reaches 80% and above, please proceed to Learning Activity 3.
However, if the mastery level is still below 80%, you must repeat Learning Activity 2
especially in the part that is not yet mastered

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 LEARNING ACTIVITIES 3:
USING WHOSE

1. Descriptions and Examples

Whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive pronouns
used as adjectives: his, her, its, our, and their. Whose usually modifies people, but it may also
be used to modify things or animals. Both whose and the noun it is connected to are placed at
the beginning of the adjective clause and cannot be omitted.
Example:
RELATIVE INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN CLAUSE CLAUSE CLAUSE
WHOSE I know the man whose
I know the man His bicycle was stolen
(people) bicycle was stolen
Mr. Johnson has a
WHOSE Mr. Johnson has a Its value is
painting whose value
(things) painting inestimable
is inestimable

2. Exercises
A. Use the sentence in parentheses to form an adjective clause whose!

1. There are many American children __________ (Their mother works.)

2. Working parents ________________ need to find day-care centers. (Their children
are small)
3. People ____________________ can get food stamps. (Their incomes are below a
certain level)
4. A widow is a woman _________________ (her husband has died)
5. There is one student __________________ (The teacher loves to read her
compositions)
6. There are a few students __________________ (I can’t remember their names)
7. The student _______________ is absent today. (I borrowed his book)
8. The teacher _____________________ can advise you on what course to take next
semester. (you are taking her class)
9. There are many American children _______________ (their parents are divorced)
10. There’s one student _________________ (The teacher can’t read her handwriting)

B. Combine the two sentences into one sentence. Make (b) an adjective clause using
whose!

1. a. There is the man b. His car was stolen

2. a. There is the woman b. Her cat died
3. a. Over there is Jojo b. His daughter is in my English class
4. a. Over there is Mia b. You met her husband yesterday
5. a. There’s the professor b. I’m taking her course

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 6. a. That is Gema b. His daughter is an astronaut
7. a. That is the girl b. I borrowed her camera
8. a. There is the boy b. His mother is a famous musician
9. a. They are the people b. We visited their house last month
10. a. That is the couple b. Their apartment was burglarized

C. Combine the sentences, using whose in an adjective clause.

1. We couldn’t find the person. His car was blocking the driveway.
2. I read about a child. Her life was saved by her pet dog.
3. The students raised their hands. Their names were called.
4. Jack knows a man. The man’s name is William Blueheart Duckbill, Jr.
5. The woman’s purse was stolen outside the supermarket. The police came to
question her
3. Summary
 Whose is used to refer to possession, it can be people, animals, or things.
4. Formative Test
I. Combine the sentences, using the second sentence as an adjective clause!

1. I know a man. His last name is Goose.

2. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.
3. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.
4. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the corporation.
5. The professor is excellent. I am taking her course.
6. Mr. North teaches a class for students. Their native language is not English.
7. The people were nice. We visited their house.
8. I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries.
9. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.
10. The man poured a glass of water on his face. His beard caught on fire when he lit a
cigarette.

II. Read the whole paragraph, change the possession into adjective clause using
whose and find adjective clause, if there is any, underlined them.

I like the television program about a funny guy. His dog always stares at him.
The man has a great outlook on life. His family encourages him. One brother is very
picky. His tastes are eccentric. The other brother is very practical. He is more easy-
going. The older man is the father of the brothers. His complaints are non-stop. The
young woman is the physical therapist of the father. Her accent is from Manchester,
England. The red-haired woman is an assistant. She is a bit of an "air head". The
character whose face is never seen is the wife of the picky brother.  The main
character's ex-wife is very funny. She thinks but cannot feel. The real character is the
dog. His performance is the funniest.

17 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
5. Feedback and Follow-up
Match the answers above with the answer key at the end of this module. Measure the
mastery level of learning activities 1 with the following formula:
Number of correct answers
Mastery level ¿ ×100 %
Total questions
The mastery level obtained is:
• Very good = 90 - 100%
• Good = 80 - 89%
• Enough = 70 - 79%
• Less = 0 - 69%
If the mastery level reaches 80% and above, please proceed to Learning Activity 4.
However, if the mastery level is still below 80%, you must repeat Learning Activity 3
especially in the part that is not yet mastered

18 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 LEARNING ACTIVITIES 4:
USING WHERE AND WHEN

1. Descriptions and Examples

Both where and when are also called relative adverb.
Where is used in an adjective clause to modify a place (city, country, room, etc.). If where is
used, a preposition is NOT included in the adjective clause. But if where is not used, the
preposition (in, on, at) must be included.

Example:
RELATIVE INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN CLAUSE CLAUSE CLAUSE
The building is very The building where
WHERE He lives there
old he lives is very old
(a) The building in
which he lives is
very old
WHICH ~ ~
(b) The building
which he lives in is
very old
(c) The building that
THAT ~ ~ he lives in is very
old
Ø (d) The building he
~ ~
(omitted) lives in is very old

When is used in an adjective clause to modify a noun of time (year, day, time, century, etc.).
The use of preposition in this is somewhat different from that in other adjective clauses: a
preposition is used preceding which (see in the below example). Otherwise, the preposition
and the relative pronoun can be omitted.

19 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
Example:
RELATIVE INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN CLAUSE CLAUSE CLAUSE
I’ll never forget the I met you then (on I’ll never forget the
WHEN
day that day) day when I met you
I’ll never forget the
WHICH ~ ~ day on which I met
you
I’ll never forget the
THAT ~ ~
day that I met you
Ø I’ll never forget the
~ ~
(omitted) day I met you

2. Exercises
A. Combine the sentences by using either where or when to introduce an adjective
clause. You may use other possible patterns.

1. That is the place. The accident occurred there

2. A café is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there.
3. There was a time. Movies cost a dime then.
4. Every neighborhood in Brussels has small cafés. Customers drink coffee and
eat pastries there.
5. There was a time. Dinosaurs dominated the earth then.
6. The house was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago. I was born and grew
up there.
7. Summer is the time of the year. The weather is the hottest then.
8. The miser hid his money in a place. It was safe from the robbers there.
9. There came a time. The miser had to spend his money then.
10. His new shirt didn’t fit, so Dan took it back to the store. He’d bought it there.

20 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 B. Use the sentence in parentheses to add an adjective clause to finish the first
sentence

1. The teacher didn’t give a test on the day ___________ (some students
celebrated a holiday on that day)
2. You should study at a time ______________________ (the house is quiet at
that time)
3. Saturday is the day _____________________ (I’m busiest on this day)
4. The bookstore _____________________ is having a sale this week. (I bought
my books at the bookstore)
5. The bank ________________ is open late on Fridays. (I cash my checks at the
bank)
6. The library _____________________ is closed this weekend. (I study in that
place)
7. I buy my groceries at a store ____________________ (I can buy fresh
produce foods at that store)

C. Fill in the blanks to tell about yourself.

Example: July_____ is the month when I was born

1. ________________________ is a place where I can relax.

2. ________________________ is a place where I can have fun.
3. ________________________ is a place where I can be alone and think.
4. ________________________ is a place where I can meet my friends.
5. ________________________ is a place where I can study undisturbed.
6. ________________________ is a time when I can relax.
7. ________________________ is a time when I like to watch TV.
8. ________________________ is a day when I have almost no free time.
3. Summary
 Where modifies a place, a physical location.
 If where is not used, the preposition (in, on, at) still must be included
 The relative adverb of place (where) and the relative pronouns (which, that) can be
omitted, but the preposition cannot.
 When refers to time and temporal location.
 For relative clause which & that that modify noun of time, the preposition is placed
before them.
 Those relative adverb of time (when) and relative pronouns (which, that) and the
preposition can be omitted
4. Formative Test
I. Change where or when to a which-clause!

1. Monday is the day when we begin the work week.

2. Midnight is the time when the date changes.
3. Three-fifty street is the address where you can meet me.
4. The lake where we swam was clean and clear.

21 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 5. 2001 was the year when the new century began.
6. Seven o’clock is the time when I get up.
7. California is the state where I live.
8. Parking lot D is the place where I parked my car.
9. Summer is the time when people enjoy warmer weather.
10. The backyard is the place where we can relax outside.

II. Change a which-clause to where or when clause!

The Galata Bridge in Istanbul is a unique location in the world.  It spans

the Golden Horn at a site in which a natural harbor forms. It is the exact place in
which the Bosphorus flows into the sea of Marmara.  It is also the place at which the
old Istanbul meets the new. 
This is the fifth bridge in this location. The last bridge was destroyed in
1992 the year in which a fire badly damaged it. The bridge has three car lanes and
one lane on which trams go.
In the evening, the time in which fisherman come to catch their evening
meals, the bridge becomes a bustling place. Sunset is also the time at which the
faithful are called to prayer. Tourists and locals walk along the first deck on
which there are a number of restaurants and shops. Fisherman stand side by side at
the railing at which they cast their lines into the water. Never is there a time at
which the bridge is not completely occupied and bustling with people.

5. Feedback and Follow-up

Match the answers above with the answer key at the end of this module. Measure the
mastery level of learning activities 1 with the following formula:
Number of correct answers
Mastery level ¿ ×100 %
Total questions
The mastery level obtained is:
• Very good = 90 - 100%
• Good = 80 - 89%
• Enough = 70 - 79%
• Less = 0 - 69%
If the mastery level reaches 80% and above, please proceed to Learning Activity 5.
However, if the mastery level is still below 80%, you must repeat Learning Activity 4
especially in the part that is not yet mastered.

22 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 LEARNING ACTIVITIES 5:
RESTRICTIVE AND NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE

1. Descriptions and Examples

As it is explained in the previous chapter, there are two kinds of an adjective clause, a
restrictive and a non-restrictive clause. We call the clause as a restrictive one when we don’t
use commas (,) since the message is necessary to identify the noun it modifies. On the other
hand, use commas if the adjective clause just gives additional information or the information
is already known by many people and can be removed without changing the meaning of the
sentence. This kind of adjective clause is called a non-restrictive clause.
To determine whether the clause is essential or not, ask yourself whether the information
is necessary for the sentence to be understood correctly or is it just extra information. The
answer will help you determine if it is restrictive or not.
Example:

Restrictive Clause
There is a specific painting being referred.
Which one? The one which you spilled
water on. It’s an adjective clause which
The painting that you spilled water on is a
cannot be omitted since there is more than
priceless masterpiece
one painting. There is no comma around it.
The word that is suggested to be used when
the clause refers to a restrictive clause.
There is a specific woman being referred.
Which one? The one who used to live there.
I drove to Paris with the woman who used As we can see, the restrictive clause not
to live there only helps to describe the noun but provides
valuable information about the noun’s
identity
Non-restrictive Clause
Christiano Ronaldo, who is a famous There is only one Christiano Ronaldo.
football player, played professional football Therefore, the information being referred by
for a few years with some well-known the clause is not essential.
teams. Usually name is followed by commas.
There is only one computer had by the
speaker. Without the clause, it doesn’t
My computer, which you fixed last night,
change the meaning. That is why there are
helps me a lot in finishing my task.
commas around it. It is just additional
information and can be omitted.

2. Exercises
A. Put the necessary punctuation to the following. Underline the adjective clause.

23 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 1. Minneapolis which has a population of about 400.000 is the largest city in
Minnesota.
2. The student who sits in the back of the room asks a lot of questions.
3. The article that I requested did not arrive on time.
4. The participants who I interviewed met me at the local library.
5. I had to fix my printer which I bought less than a year ago.
6. The journalist whose story I read yesterday has won prizes for her work.
7. The astronaut who first stepped on the moon was Neil Amstrong.
8. Children who eat vegetables are likely to be healthy.
9. Kaylee who just graduated from high school is an accomplished figure skater.
10. Would you lend me the book that you recommended last week?

B. Circle the correct explanation (a or b) of the meaning of each sentence

1. The teacher thanked the students, who had given her some flowers.
a. The flowers were from only some of the students.
b. The flowers were from all of the students.

2. The teacher thanked the students who had given her some flowers.
a. The flowers were from only some of the students.
b. The flowers were from all of the students.

3. There was a terrible flood. The villagers who had received a warning of the
impending flood escaped to safety.
a. Only some of the villagers had been warned; only some escaped.
b. All of the villagers had been warned; all escaped.

4. There was a terrible flood. The villagers, who had received a warning of the
impending flood escaped to safety.
a. Only some of the villagers had been warned; only some escaped.
b. All of the villagers had been warned; all escaped.

5. Roberto reached down and picked up the grammar book, which was lying
upside down on the floor
a. There was only one grammar book near Roberto
b. There was more than one grammar book near Roberto

6. Roberto reached down and picked up the grammar book which was lying
upside down on the floor
a. There was only one grammar book near Roberto
b. There was more than one grammar book near Roberto
3. Summary
 Restrictive clause: not using commas because the information in the clause is
important for the noun it modifies.
 The clause that use that refers to restrictive clause.
 Non-restrictive clause: using commas because the information is only additional for
the noun it modifies

24 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
4. Formative Test
I. Combine the two sentences using the proper relative pronoun/relative adverb
and correct punctuation.

1. The San Francisco Bay Area is a "web" of bridges. It is home to many

popular and prominent Internet companies.
2. The most famous landmark in San Francisco is the Golden Gate Bridge. It
spans the entrance San Francisco Bay.
3. To the north, there are two more bridges. They cross relatively short
distances. 
4. The northernmost bridge spans the Carquinez strait. It forms a part of
Interstate 80.
5. The San Rafael-Richmond Bridge is a 5.5mi/8.85km long bridge. It is the
second longest bridge in the Bay Area.
6. The bridge to the south is actually a pair of bridges. It links Oakland to San
Francisco.
7. One span links San Francisco to Yerba Buena Island. It is a suspension
bridge. 
8. The other span links Yerba Buena to Oakland. This is a city in the East Bay.
9. A new bridge has been built to replace this old span. It was damaged in the
1989 earthquake.
10. The next bridge is commonly called the San Mateo Bridge. It is to the south.
It is the longest bridge (7mi/11.3km).
11. Finally, the Dumbarton Bridge is the southernmost bridge. It links the East
Bay to Silicon Valley.
12. These seven bridges allow commuters to get to work and home more directly.
They connect the highway system in the Bay Area.

II. Add commas where necessary. Change the adjective clause pronoun to that if
possible.
Example: Alan and Jackie, who didn’t come to class yesterday, explained their
absence to the teacher (use commas, who cannot be changed to that)

1. The students who didn’t come to class yesterday explained their absence to the
teacher.
2. Only people who speak Russian should apply for the job.
3. Matthew who speaks Russian applied for the job.
4. The rice which we had for dinner last night was very good.
5. Rice which is grown in many countries is a staple food throughout much of the
world.
6. The newspaper article was about a man who died two years ago of a rare
tropical disease.
7. Paul O’Grady who died two years ago was a kind and loving man.
8. I have fond memories of my hometown which is situated in a valley.
9. I live in a town which is situated in a valley.

25 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 10. The Mississippi River which flows south from Minnesota to the Gulf of
Mexico is the major commercial river in the United States.
11. A river which is polluted is not safe for swimming.
12. Mr. Brown whose son won the spelling contest is very proud of his son’s
achievement.
13. The man whose daughter won the science contest is also very pleased and
proud.
14. Goats which were first tamed more than 9,000 years ago in Asia have
provided people with milk, meat, and wool since prehistoric times.
15. Mrs. Clark has two goats. She’s furious at the goat which got on the wrong
side of the fence and is eating her flowers.

5. Feedback and Follow-up

Match the answers above with the answer key at the end of this module. Measure the
mastery level of learning activities 1 with the following formula:
Number of correct answers
Mastery level ¿ ×100 %
Total questions
The mastery level obtained is:
• Very good = 90 - 100%
• Good = 80 - 89%
• Enough = 70 - 79%
• Less = 0 - 69%
If the mastery level reaches 80% and above, please proceed to the next material.
However, if the mastery level is still below 80%, you must repeat Learning Activity 5
especially in the part that is not yet mastered.

26 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 ANSWER KEY

Learning Activities 1
Exercise
A
1. I saw the man who closed the door.
2. The girl who won the prize is happy.
3. The book which/that is on the table is mine.
4. The cat which/that was on the terrace just caught a mouse.
5. Do you see the cat which/that is on the roof?
6. The man who lives next to me is a dentist.
7. The desk which/that was built by my friend is made of oak
8. Mia invited a guy who dances really well to the party
9. I see an open table which/that is by the window.
10. I know a chef who makes 100 types of pasta.

B
1. Who
2. Which/that
3. Who
4. Which/that
5. Who
6. Which/that
7. Who
8. Which/that
9. Which/that
10. Who

Formative Test
I
 An Ambulance is a vehicle which takes people to hospital
 A museum is a building which has historical objects
 A pigeon is an animal which can fly
 A postman is a man who brings you letter
 A waitress is a woman works in a restaurant

II
1. Who
2. Who
3. Which
4. Which
5. Who

27 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 6. Which
7. Who
8. Which
9. Who
10. Which
11. Which
12. Who
13. Which

III
1. Which …
2. Who …
3. Who …
4. Which …

Learning Activities 2
Exercise
A
1. He whom you recommend to me is the accountant // He is the accountant whom you
recommend to me
2. She whom I saw at the hospital is the nurse.
3. They are the postcards. I sent them from Spain.
4. They are the secretaries. Mr. Pym employed them.
5. That’s the magazine. I got it for you yesterday.
6. They are the workmen. I paid them for the job.
7. That’s the dog! I saw it at the dog show last night.
8. Look! They’re the beautiful birds. I fed them this morning.
9. The scientist is well-known for her research. We met her yesterday.
10. She lectured on a topic. I know very little about it.

B
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. D

C
1. Did I tell you about the woman I met last night?

28 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 – Adj clause: I met last night
– Other patterns:
 Did I tell you about the woman whom I met last night?
 Did I tell you about the woman that I met last night?
2. The woman I was dancing with stepped on my toe.
– Adj Clause: I was dancing with
– Other patterns:
 The woman (whom/that) I was dancing with stepped on my toe.
 The woman with whom I was dancing stepped on my toe
3. The report Joe is writing must be finished by Friday.
– Adj Clause: Joe is writing
– Other patterns: The report (which/that) Joe is writing must be finished by
Friday
4. The people I was waiting for were late.
– Adj Clause: I was waiting for
– Other patterns: The people (whom/that) I was waiting for were late
5. The man whom I talked to yesterday was very kind.
– Adj Clause: whom I talked to yesterday
– Other patterns:
 The man (that/Ø) I talked to yesterday was very kind.
 The man to whom I talked yesterday was very kind

Formative Test
I
1 -the man (whom/that/Ø) I told you about was over there
-the man about whom I told you was over there
2 -the woman whom/that/ Ø I work for pays me a fair salary
-the woman for whom I work pays me a fair salary
3 …the family whom/that/ Ø she is living with
…the family with whom she is living
4 The picture which/that/ Ø Tom is looking at is beautiful
The picture at which Tom is looking is beautiful
5 …the music which/that/ Ø we listened to after dinner
…the music to which we listened after dinner

II
1. To… (I spoke to)
2. To… (We went to)
3. In/at… (we stayed in/at)
4. To… (we listened to)
5. For… (Sally was waiting for)
6. To… (to whom I talked)
7. (that I was looking for)
8. (I borrowed money from)
9. (we talked about in class)

29 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 10. (I’ve been interested in for a long time)
11. (I had graduated from)
12. (with whom he is living)
13. (I was staring at)
14. (that I’m not familiar with)
15. (with whom I almost always agree)
16. (to/with whom you speak at the airline counter)
17. (you introduced me to at the restaurant last night)
18. (I’ve always been able to depend on)
19. (you waved at)
20. (to whom you should complain)

Learning Activities 3
Exercise
A
1. Whose mother works.
2. Whose children are small
3. Whose income are below a certain level
4. Whose husband has died
5. Whose compositions the teacher loves to read
6. Whose names I can’t remember
7. Whose book I borrowed
8. Whose class you are taking
9. Whose parents are divorced
10. Whose handwriting the teacher can’t read

B
1. There is the man whose car was stolen
2. There is the woman whose cat died
3. Over there is Jojo whose daughter is in my English class
4. Over there is Mia whose husband you met yesterday
5. There is the profressor whose course I’m taking
6. That is Gema whose daughter is an astronaut
7. That is the girl whose camera I borrowed
8. There is the boy whose mother is a famous musician
9. They are the people whose house we visited last month
10. That is the couple whose apartment was burglarized

C
1. We couldn’t find the person whose car was blocking the driveway.
2. I read about a child whose life was saved by her pet dog.
3. The students whose names were called raised their hands.
4. Jack knows a man whose name is William Blueheart Duckbill, Jr.

30 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 5. The police came to question the woman whose purse was stolen outside the
supermarket.

Formative Test
I
1. I know a man whose last name is Goose.
2. I apologized to the woman whose coffee. I spilled
3. The man whose wallet was stolen called the police.
4. I met the woman whose husband is the president of the corporation.
5. The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
6. Mr. North teaches a class for students whose native language is not English.
7. The people whose house we visited were nice.
8. I live in a dormitory whose residents come from many countries.
9. I have to call the man whose umbrella I accidentally picked up after the meeting.
10. The man whose beard caught on fire when he lit a cigarette poured a glass of water
on his face.
II
I like the television program about a funny guy whose dog always stares at him. The
man whose family encourages him has a great outlook on life. One brother whose tastes are
eccentric is very picky. The other brother is very practical. He is more easy-going. The older
man whose complaints are non-stop is the father of the brothers. The young woman whose
accent is from Manchester, England is the physical therapist of the father. The red-haired
woman is an assistant. She is a bit of an "air head". The character whose face is never seen is
the wife of the picky brother.  The main character's ex-wife is very funny. She thinks but
cannot feel. The real character is the dog whose performance is the funniest.

Learning Activities 4
Exercise
A
1. That is the place where the accident occurred
2. A café where people can get a light meal is a small restaurant.
3. There was a time when movies cost a dime.
4. Every neighborhood in Brussels has small cafés where customers drink coffee and
eat pastries
5. There was a time when Dinosaurs dominated the earth
6. The house where I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years
ago.
7. Summer when the weather is the hottest is the time of the year.
8. The miser hid his money in a place where it was safe from the robbers
9. There came a time when the miser had to spend his money.
10. His new shirt didn’t fit, so Dan took it back to the store where he’d bought it

31 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 1. The teacher didn’t give a test on the day when some students celebrated a holiday
2. You should study at a time when the house is quiet
3. -Saturday is the day when I’m busiest
- Saturday is the day on which I’m busiest
4. -The bookstore where I bought my books at is having a sale this week
-The bookstore which/that I bought my books at is having a sale this week
-The bookstore at which I bought my books at is having a sale this week
- The bookstore I bought my books at is having a sale this week
5. -The bank where I cash my checks at is open late on Fridays.
- The bank which/that I cash my checks at is open late on Fridays.
- The bank at which I cash my checks is open late on Fridays
- The bank I cash my checks at is open late on Fridays
6. -The library where/which/that I study in is closed this weekend.
- The library in which I study is closed this weekend.
- The library I study in is closed this weekend.
7. -I buy my groceries at a store where I can buy fresh produce foods
- I buy my groceries at a store where/which/that I can buy fresh produce foods at.

C
1. Any place depends on the student
2. Any place depends on the student
3. Any place depends on the student
4. Any place depends on the student
5. Any place depends on the student
6. Any time depends on the student
7. Any time depends on the student
8. Any time depends on the student

Formative Test
I
1. On which
2. At which
3. At which
4. In which
5. In which
6. At which
7. In which
8. In which
9. In which
10. In/on which

II

32 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 The Galata Bridge in Istanbul is a unique location in the world.  It spans the Golden
Horn at a site where a natural harbor forms. It is the exact place where the Bosphorus flows
into the sea of Marmara.  It is also the place where the old Istanbul meets the new. 
This is the fifth bridge in this location. The last bridge was destroyed in 1992 the year
when a fire badly damaged it. The bridge has three car lanes and one lane where trams go.
In the evening, the time when fisherman come to catch their evening meals, the
bridge becomes a bustling place. Sunset is also the time when the faithful are called to
prayer. Tourists and locals walk along the first deck where there are a number of restaurants
and shops. Fisherman stand side by side at the railing where they cast their lines into the
water. Never is there a time when the bridge is not completely occupied and bustling with
people.

Learning Activities 5
Exercise
A
1. Minneapolis, which has a population of about 400.000, is the largest city in
Minnesota.
2. The student who sits in the back of the room asks a lot of questions.
3. The article that I requested did not arrive on time.
4. The participants who I interviewed met me at the local library.
5. I had to fix my printer, which I bought less than a year ago.
6. The journalist whose story I read yesterday has won prizes for her work.
7. The astronaut who first stepped on the moon was Neil Amstrong.
8. Children who eat vegetables are likely to be healthy.
9. Kaylee, who just graduated from high school, is an accomplished figure skater.
10. Would you lend me the book that you recommended last week?

B
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. A

Formative Test
I
1. The San Francisco Bay Area, which is home to many popular and prominent
Internet companies, is a "web" of bridges.
2. The most famous landmark in San Francisco is the Golden Gate Bridge, which spans
the entrance San Francisco Bay.
3. To the north, there are two more bridges that cross relatively short distances. 

33 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 4. The northernmost bridge, which forms a part of Interstate 80, spans the Carquinez
strait.
5. The San Rafael-Richmond Bridge, which is the second longest bridge in the Bay
Area, is a 5.5mi/8.85km long bridge.
6. The bridge that links Oakland to San Francisco to the south is actually a pair of
bridges.
7. One span that is a suspension bridge links San Francisco to Yerba Buena Island.
8. The other span links Yerba Buena to Oakland, which is a city in the East Bay.
9. A new bridge has been built to replace this old span that was damaged in the 1989
earthquake.
10. The next bridge that is to the south is commonly called the San Mateo Bridge,
which is the longest bridge (7mi/11.3km).
11. Finally, the Dumbarton Bridge, which links the East Bay to Silicon Valley, is the
southernmost bridge.
12. These seven bridges, which connect the highway system in the Bay Area, allow
commuters to get to work and home more directly.

II
1. The students that didn’t come to class yesterday explained their absence to the
teacher. (no commas, who >> that)
2. Only people that speak Russian should apply for the job. (no commas, who >> that)
3. Matthew, who speaks Russian, applied for the job. (who cannot be changed to that)
4. The rice that we had for dinner last night was very good. (no commas, who >> that)
5. Rice, which is grown in many countries, is a staple food throughout much of the
world. (which cannot be changed to that)
6. The newspaper article was about the man that died two years ago of a rare tropical
disease. (no commas, who >> that)
7. Paul O’Grady, who died two years ago, was a kind and loving man. (who cannot be
changed to that)
8. I have fond memories of my hometown, which is situated in a valley. (which cannot
be changed to that)
9. I live in a town where/that is situated in a valley. (where >> that)
10. The Mississippi River, which flows south from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico, is
the major commercial river in the United States. (which cannot be changed to that)
11. A river that is polluted is not safe for swimming. (no commas, which >> that)
12. Mr. Brown, whose son won the spelling contest, is very proud of his son’s
achievement. (whose cannot be changed to that)
13. The man whose daughter won the science contest is also very pleased and proud. (no
commas, whose cannot be changed to that)
14. Goats, which were first tamed more than 9,000 years ago in Asia, have provided
people with milk, meat, and wool since prehistoric times. (which cannot be changed to
that)
15. Mrs. Clark has two goats. She’s furious at the goat that got on the wrong side of the
fence and is eating her flowers. (no commas, which >> that)

34 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
35 | A D J E C T I V E C L A U S E M O D U L E L E A R N I N G
 REFERENCES

Akoyad. (2012, May 12). Who vs Which. Retrieved from iSLCOLLECTIVE:

https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/relative-clauses/who-vs-
which/23829
Azar, B. S. (1999). Understanding and Using English Grammar, Third Edition . New York:
Pearson Education.
Azar, B. S. (2003). Fundamentals of English Grammar, Third Edition with Answer Key. New
York: Pearson Education.
Barton, M. (2017, July 6). English Grammar: Adjective Clauses – Subject & Object Relative
Pronouns. Retrieved from English Current:
https://www.englishcurrent.com/grammar/study-adjective-clauses-relative-pronouns-
exercises/
Müller, M., & Pahlow, H. (-, - -). Exercise on Relative Clauses (Contact clauses). Retrieved
from English Grammar Online: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-
up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?02
Rambertico. (2013, August 16). Relative Clause, Who, Which, Whom, Whose, That. Retrieved
from iSLCOLLECTIVE: https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-
worksheets/grammar/relative-clauses/relative-clause-who-which-whom-whose/58475
Robert. (2017, - -). Relative Clauses. Retrieved from All Things Grammar:
https://www.allthingsgrammar.com/relative-clauses.html
Sevastopoulos, J. (2020, June 17). Relative Clauses. Retrieved from Grammar-Quizzes.com:
https://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clausesum.html
Taufiq, W. (2018). Advanced English Grammar for EFL Learners. Sidoarjo: UMSIDA Press.

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