CONJUNCTION
CONJUNCTION
CONJUNCTION
Arranged By:
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
HALU OLEO UNIVERSITY
KENDARI
2019th
PREFACE
We thank the presence of Allah SWT, for his mercy so that we can
complete the preparation of a paper entitled “CONJUNCTION”. In writing this
paper, I feel there are still many shortcomings in both technical writing and
material, given the capabilities we have. For this reason, we hope for critism and
suggestions from all parties for the improvement of the making this paper.
In writing this paper, we express the deepest gratitude to those who helped
in completing this paper, especially to my lecturer who have given me
assignments and instructions, so that we can complete this task.
Author
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE...............................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...........................................................................4
1.1 Background................................................................................................4
1.2 Problem Formulation.................................................................................4
1.3 Purpose of Writing.....................................................................................4
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION.................................................................................5
2.1 Understanding of Conjunctions.................................................................5
2.2 Function of Conjunctions...........................................................................5
2.3 Type of Conjunctions.................................................................................6
A. Coordinating Conjunction.....................................................................6
B. Subordinating Conjunction....................................................................8
C. Correlative Conjunction.......................................................................14
2.4 Conjunctive Adverb.................................................................................19
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................23
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
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2.3 Type of Conjunctions
A. Coordinating Conjunction
.
2. Alternative Conjunction
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a. If you forget to bring your dictionary, you can use my dictionary
else first.
b. Jenifer is less interested in Drawing than gardening.
c. Now, you must choose one of the motorcycles that you want to
buy, black or red?
d. you get out from my house or I will call the police.
e. You can choose Denny or Vio to clean the classroom.
3. Adversative Conjunction
Examples in sentences :
a. The rope was thin but it was strong.
b. She is poor but she is happy.
c. I want to go to the movie with you, however i don’t have money.
d. Projects can be really exciting, yet they can be really hard work.
e. Although Jane is rich and famous, she is not happy.
f. Most digital camera owners are male while women prefer film.
g. Her sister is very funny whereas she is boring.
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h. He is hardworking whereas his brother is quite the reverse.
i. Pamela is a cheer person at school on the contrary she is a down
hearted person at home..
4. Illative Conjunction
Illative conjunction Is the conjunction that shows cause and effect of an event
or other act.
Included in this group are :
Therefore = oleh karena itu
So = oleh sebab itu
Since = karena,sebab
For = karena
Then = maka
Examples in sentences :
a. She came first. Therefore she got a good seat.
b. She didn’t work hard so she was failed.
c. He will reach the station on time since he started on time.
d. He didn’t come to class, for he was too sick.
e. My shirt is wet, then l will change it.
B. Subordinating Conjunction
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When the subordinate clause comes before the main clause,we usually put a
comma at the end of the clause. When the main clause comes first, we don’t need to
use a comma.
Subordinate Conjunction are used to show specific meaning :
a. To show time, it’s words like:
Before : Before means earlier than the time or event. We com-
monly use before with the past simple tense. It suggests that the
second event happened soon after the first one. The before
clause, which indicates the second action, can be at the end or at
the beginning of the sentence.
E.g.
Before she left, she gave everyone a present.
She’ll pick you up before she comes here.
He had given my book before I asked him.
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When : The clause with when is a subordinate clause (sc) and
needs a main clause (mc) to complete its meaning. We can use
when, once, and as soon as to talk about a specific point in time
when something happened or will happen.
E.g.
When I was young, there were no houses here.
No body spoke when she came into the room.
She was happy when she saw me.
As soon as : 'at the same time' or 'a very short time after'
E.g.
She mailed letter as soon as she could.
As soon as we hear any news,we’ll call you.
We always have an ice cream as soon as we get to the
beach.
Once : ‘as soon as’ or ‘after’
E.g.
They always close their curtains once they get home in the
evening.
I’ll call you once I arrive.
My boss is a nice man once you get to know him.
Since : We use since to refer back to a previous point in time.
E.g.
I’ve been very busy since I started my new job.
It’s so long since I saw them.
I’ve been swimming since I was three years old.
While : We use while to show that actions or events happen at
the same time in the past, present or future.
E.g.
Can you wait in the car while I run into the shop?
They were talking while the teacher was explaining the ac-
tivity.
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Telephone rang while I was eating.
As : We use as when one event happens while another is in
progress (‘during the time that’). In this case the verb after is of-
ten in the continuous form.
E.g.
They arrived as we were leaving.
I bumped into her as I came out of the bank. (time conjunc-
tion meaning ‘while or ‘when’).
I went to bed at 9 pm as I had a plane to catch at 6 am. (rea-
son and result meaning ‘because’).
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Though it was rainy, we put on our jackets and went for a
walk.
Even though, even if : Even though and even if are also used as
subordinating conjunctions in the same way as although/though.
Even though is similar to although but it makes a stronger con-
trast.
E.g.
Even though I cycle to work, I don’t feel very fit.
Even though her father was sick, she still went to work.
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It is a concept that describe the relationship of two or more inter-
dependent situation caused by one another. Cause tells about why
something is happened, and effect tells what happened. Common ex-
ample of cause and effect is : because, so, as, since.
E.g.
I was lost so I open google maps.
I don’t go to school because I am sick.
As it is raining again, I will stay at home.
f. Conditional conjunction
Is a conjunction used to determine specific condition. There are
several example of conditional conjunction.
- Only if , it used to explain an event that might occur if the re-
quired are fulfilled.
E.g
I will join the club only if you join it.
you may go with your friends only if you finish doing your
homework.
- In case and In case of , it used when we want making command
sentence.
E.g
I will bring an umbrella In case today rains.
In case of emergency, call 911 immediately.
- As long as , it used to explain that something will happened if
something else is happened.
E.g
They allow me go to party As long as I’m home at 10 p.m..
I will come to your house As long as you give me permis-
sion.
g. To show purpose
E.g
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- I’ll go by plane so that I can save time
- I will study hard so that I get the best score
- I put my parents picture on the table In order that I can see it ev-
eryday
C. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunctions are words that work in pairs to join words or
sentences.Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions that function to make several
phrases, words that are balanced and can be compared into one so that it is easy to
understand. In contrast to other types of conjunctions which mostly consist of only
one word, correlative conjunction itself consists of several words that have their
respective partners.
The types of correlative conjunction:
1. Both……and
This word means "baik ... maupun". This word is used to indicate a
relationship that deals with 2 people or 2 things that are subject to the
same action.
Example sentences use correlative conjunction both …… and:
a. Both Juni and Zico have chosen Performing Arts as their major
in universities. (Baik Juni maupun Zico telah memilih Perform-
ing Arts sebagai jurusan mereka di universitas.)
b. Both the teacher and the students are not in the class.
(Baik guru maupun murid-muridnya tidak ada di dalam kelas.)
c. I will take both red dress and the green dress. (Saya akan
mengambil baik gaun merah maupun gaun hijau.)
d. She loves both reading and writing. (Dia suka membaca
maupun menulis.)
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2. Not only……….but also
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3. Not……but
the use of this word is almost the same as "Not only ... but also", but
what distinguishes it here is the choice or thing it has.
Examples of sentences that use correlative conjunction not …… but:
a. He is not handsome but rich. ( dia tidak tampan tapi kaya )
b. He worked not lowly but carefully. ( dia bekerja tidak dengan
lambat tapi dengan hati-hati )
c. She is angry not with me but with you. ( dia marah bukan den-
gan saya tapi dengan kamu )
d. It is not that he did not know but he pretended. (Bukannya dia
tidak tahu tapi dia pura-pura )
e. She spoke not more slowly but louder. (Dia berbicara tidak
lebih lambat tetapi lebih keras )
4. Either…….or
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tara kue ataupun sebuket bunga untuk merayakan hari ulang
tahun ibuku.)
e. You can find Kiki either in the library or in the can-
teen. (Kamu bisa mencari Kiki antara di perpus-
takaan ataupun kantin.)
f. Either Jenny or Richard will be cleaning the classroom
tomorrow. (Antara Jenny ataupun Richard akan membersihkan
ruangan kelas besok.)
g. You can take your certificate of graduation with ei-
ther Sisca or Kiera. (Kamu bisa mengambil sertifikat kelulusan-
nya antara dengan Sisca ataupun Kiera.)
5. Neither……nor
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f. I like neither dogs nor cats. (Saya tidak suka baik an-
jung maupun kucing.)
6. As………….as
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a. Jenny did not listen to the lecturer from the beginning to the end.
(Jenny tidak mendengarkan dosennya dari permu-
laan hingga akhir.)
b. I have waited for Rudy from 6 to 8. (Saya sudah menunggu
Rudy dari pukul 6 hingga 8.)
c. Kiki will run from the starting point to the finish line. (Kiki akan
berlari dari titik awal hingga garis selesai.)
d. I travelled from England to Germany in three days. (Saya beper-
gian dari Inggris ke Jerman dalam tiga hari.)
8. Rather…..than
Conjunctive adverb are words that join independent clauses into one sentence.
A conjunctive adverb helps you create a shorter sentence. Conjunctive adverb
divided into 4, including: Addition(penambahan), Contrast(pertembangan),
Result/cause effect(hasil), and Time/time sequence(waktu).
When we use a conjunctive adverb, put a semicolon ( ; ) before it and a
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comma ( , ) after it.
A. Addition (penambahan)
E.g.
It rained hard; moreover, lightening flashed and thunder boomed.
He works as a journalist in London; besides, he writes children’s
books.
B. Contrast (pertentangan)
E.g.
We have many different sizes of this shirt; however, it comes in only
one color.
My brother enjoyed getting a new smartphone; nevertheless, a new
car would have been a better present for him.
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punctuated differently.
A conjunctive adverb is also used in a single main clause. In this case, a
comma (,) is used to separate the conjunctive adverb from sentence.
Jack wants a toy car for his birthday. Meanwhile, jill wants a dollhouse
for her birthday
She didn’t take a bus to work today. Instead, she drove car
Tia was classmate at school. Also, she was my neighbor.
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CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
Conjunctions are words that can connect words, phrases, clauses and even
sentences. Which consists of three types, namely, coordinating conjunction,
subordinating conjunction, and correlative conjunction. Next is conjunctive adverb
which functions to connect two sentences that are still related to each other.
Conjunction should not be considered trivial. Because this is important to
know especially for writing. The existence of conjunctions is very useful for making
sentences to be coherent and easy to understand.
3.2 Suggestion
A. In writing, giving conjunction is important.
B. Be careful when giving conjunctions, because they will cause problems if
they are not used properly.
C. Compilers really expect advice and criticism of its nature build so that in
making the next paper can be even better.
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REFERENCES
http://partofspeech.org/conjunction/
https://www.scribendi.com/advice/the_functions_of_conjunctions.en.html
https://www.bahasainggris.co.id/pengertian-alternative-conjunction-lengkap-
dengan-contoh-kata-and sentences/
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of speech/conjunctions/subordinat-
ing-conjunctions.html
https://dictionary.cambridge.org
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/conjunction/conditional-
conjunction.html
https://azbahasainggris.com/correlative-conjunctions
https://akkangyacob.blogspot.com/2016/02/jens-contoh-dan-pembhasan-
lengkap.html
https://www.tutorialbahasainggris.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-kalimat-correla-
tive-conjunction-bahasa-inggris.html
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