CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter discusses the method of research, subjects of the study, description of

research instrument, statistical treatment applied, and data gathering procedure which will be

used in the study.

Research Design

The study is intended to know the perception of residents of Brgy. San Roque Tanauan,

Leyte towards improper waste disposal. The nature of this study is quantitative research. As

defined by Aliaga and Gunderson (2000), quantitative research refers to explaining phenomena

by analyzing through mathematically based methods the collected numerical data. Primarily,

quantitative research deals with numbers, with that, results of this study will be clear and easy to

interpret. Aside from that, the researchers decided to utilize quantitative research since it requires

a large sample size the researchers could generalize the findings of this study beyond the

participant group and arrive on a conclusion with confidence. More so, the research design of

this study is descriptive research. McCombes (2019) defined descriptive research as a research

that aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. She

furthered stated that it can answer what, when, where, and how questions. In addition,

descriptive design tells what it is, rather than trying to determine the cause and effect of a

phenomenon. It is appropriate since the researches will simply examine the situation as it is and

will not change or modify the situation under investigation.

The study will consist of 80% of the total population of the Residents in Brgy. San

Roque Tanauan, Leyte. According to Andrea Fryrear (2015), to get a higher rate, it must be

80% or higher. The respondents are located at Brgy. San Roque Tanauan, Leyte. The

researchers will choose the Residents of Brgy. San Roque Tanauan, Leyte as it is prone to

disposing of waste improperly. One of the characteristics that the researchers will consider if

the research respondents have the characteristics of throwing waste improperly, in that way

the researchers could determine the Perception of the Residents of Brgy. San Roque Tanauan,

Leyte toward Improper Waste Disposal, also the respondents must be a Resident in Brgy. San

Roque Tanauan, Leyte. This study, a non-probability sampling will be used. According to the

article entitled, "Non-Probability Sampling and Randomization". Bhat (2019) defined Non-

Probability Sampling as a technique in which the researchers select samples bases on a

subjective judgement of the researcher rather than random selection. Generally, the

sampling technique will be used in the study is convenience sampling. Convenience

Sampling as defined by Hayes (2019) is a Non-Probability Sampling Technique used to

create sample as per ease of access, readiness to be part of the sample, availability at a given

time slot or any other practical specifications of a particular element. The study will employ

convenience sampling since it is quick and easy to deliver results. The respondents will be

those who are available at the conduct of survey.

Research Instrument

This study aims to know the possible perceptions of residents in Brgy. San Roque

Tanauan, Leyte towards improper waste disposal. The researchers will be using questionnaire in

gathering data needed for this study. According to Simply Psychology (2019), questionnaire
pertains to a research instrument which contains series of questions for the purpose of gathering

information from the respondents. Furthermore, this study will be using the structured

questionnaire in which according to Springer (2019), structured questionnaire pertains to a

document that consist of a set standardized questions with a fixed scheme, which specifies the

exact wording and order of the questions for gathering the information to the respondents.

Structured questionnaire is appropriate in this study because it asks direct questions and it

accumulate large amounts of valuable data. On the other hand, structured questionnaire is

convenient and is much easier to analyze data results. The questionnaires was divided into two

sections. The first section was comprised of factual information on the research respondents’

demographics. In the second part of the questionnaire, Likert scale and Dichotomous and an

open-ended question were used. As defined by Talaash (2019), Likert scale refers to a

psychometric scale usually with odd number of values such as 3pt scale, 5pt scale, 7pt scale,

with the middle point denoting the neutral value. In this study respondents had to indicate their

response in terms of the five-point Likert-scale as to whether they strongly disagree, disagree,

neutral or not sure, agree, or strongly agree with the statements provided.

Data Gathering Procedures

This study is intended to know the perceptions of residents of Brgy. San Roque

Tanauan, Leyte. Surveying will start on the 1st until the 2nd week of February 2020. Gathering

of data started by dividing the group of researchers by pair in order to save time. Each pair

visited the household and asked permission by handing the intent letter made by the researchers

as well as brief the respondents on the purpose of the study. Next, directions were discussed

briefly and if there are things that they cannot understand, respondents are allowed to raise some
questions. After clarifying each indicators and directions, distribution of questionnaire will start.

Lastly, questionnaires will be collected and are ready to be analyzed.

Statistical Treatment Applied

To determine the level of responses of the evaluators, a descriptive statistic which is one

of the method of quantitative data analysis will be used. Hebl (2018) interpreted descriptive

statistics as a number used to summarize and describe data. The responses will be tallied to

determine the frequency of each one. The researchers will find out the mean of each items

MathisFun (2019) defined mean as the average of the numbers. Below is the representation of

the formula.

= mean

x = scores

n = number of respondents