INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 3691-4
This is a preview of "ISO 3691-4:2020". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.

First edition
2020-02

Industrial trucks — Safety

requirements and verification —
Part 4:
Driverless industrial trucks and
their systems
Chariots de manutention — Exigences de sécurité et vérification —
Partie 4: Chariots sans conducteur et leurs systèmes

Reference number
ISO 3691-4:2020(E)

© ISO 2020
ISO 3691-4:2020(E)

This is a preview of "ISO 3691-4:2020". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.

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 ISO 3691-4:2020(E)

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Contents Page

Foreword...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures................................................................10
4.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.1 Overall requirements................................................................................................................................................. 10
4.1.2 Normal climatic conditions.................................................................................................................................. 10
4.1.3 Electrical requirements........................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.4 Stored energy components................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.5 Edges or angles................................................................................................................................................................ 11
4.1.6 Guards..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.7 Interlocking devices for guards......................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.8 Two hand control devices...................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.9 Transmission parts...................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.10 Electro-sensitive protective equipment..................................................................................................... 11
4.1.11 Pressure-sensitive protective devices......................................................................................................... 11
4.1.12 Hydraulic systems......................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.13 Pneumatic systems...................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.14 Avoidance of automatic restart......................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.15 Foot protection................................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2 Braking system...................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3 Speed control.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.4 Automatic battery charging....................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.5 Load handling........................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.6 Steering........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.7 Stability........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.7.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.7.2 Tilting platform stability test.............................................................................................................................. 13
4.7.3 Stability requirements for trucks not covered by 4.7.2 .............................................................. 14
4.8 Protective devices and complementary measures................................................................................................. 14
4.8.1 Emergency stop.............................................................................................................................................................. 14
4.8.2 Detection of persons in the path...................................................................................................................... 15
4.9 Modes of operation........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.9.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.9.2 Automatic mode............................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.9.3 Manual mode..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.9.4 Maintenance mode....................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.10 Trucks intended to tow trailers.............................................................................................................................................. 20
4.11 Safety-related parts of the control system.................................................................................................................... 20
4.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).............................................................................................................................. 25
4.13 Conveyors fitted to a truck.......................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.13.1 Trucks fitted with conveyors............................................................................................................................... 25
4.13.2 Conveyors............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures..................................................................26
5.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
5.2 Tests for detection of persons.................................................................................................................................................. 26
5.3 Stability tests.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.3.2 Stability tests for truck not covered by 4.7.2 ........................................................................................ 28
5.4 Fitness for purpose........................................................................................................................................................................... 28

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5.4.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.4.2 Structural tests................................................................................................................................................................ 28
5.4.3 Dynamic tests................................................................................................................................................................... 29
6 Information for use..........................................................................................................................................................................................29
6.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
6.2 Warning systems................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
6.3 Instruction handbook for use................................................................................................................................................... 30
6.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
6.3.2 Concerning the trucks and system................................................................................................................. 30
6.3.3 Operation of the trucks and system............................................................................................................. 31
6.3.4 Routine service and maintenance of the trucks and system.................................................... 31
6.3.5 Operating information.............................................................................................................................................. 32
6.3.6 Information for the application....................................................................................................................... 32
6.3.7 Details for floor/ground conditions.............................................................................................................. 32
6.3.8 Details for power sources...................................................................................................................................... 32
6.3.9 Truck modification....................................................................................................................................................... 33
6.4 Minimum marking............................................................................................................................................................................. 33
6.4.1 Marking.................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
6.4.2 Warning signs................................................................................................................................................................... 33
6.4.3 Information plates........................................................................................................................................................ 33
6.5 Putting into service (commissioning)............................................................................................................................... 34
Annex A (normative) Requirements for preparation of the operating zones.........................................................35
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards................................................................................................................................45
Annex C (normative) Determination of rated capacity...................................................................................................................50
Annex D (informative) Load transfer operations..................................................................................................................................52
Annex E (normative) Verification of essential health and safety requirements...................................................55
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 84

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/​directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/​patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www​.iso​.org/​
iso/​foreword​.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC  110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee
SC 2, Safety of powered industrial trucks.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​.iso​.org/​members​.html.
A list of all parts in the ISO 3691 series can be found on the ISO website.

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Introduction
General
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.)
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
Structure
An important step forward in the work on the ISO 3691 series of standards was the agreement to issue
a new structure of International Standards for industrial trucks having on one side basic standards
for all types of trucks and on the other side independent standards to cover the respective specific
functions of industrial trucks, e.g. visibility, noise, electrical requirements, etc.
Assessment of hazards
The product needs to be designed in such a way that it is fit for its purpose or function and can be
adjusted and maintained without putting persons at risk when used under the conditions foreseen by
the manufacturer.
In order to properly design a product and to cover all specific safety requirements, the manufacturer
needs to identify the hazards that apply to their product and carry out a risk assessment. The
manufacturer then needs to design and construct the product taking this assessment into account.
The aim of this procedure is to eliminate the risk of accidents throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the
machinery, including the phases of assembling and dismantling where risks of accidents can also arise
from foreseeable abnormal situations.
In selecting the most appropriate methods, the manufacturer needs to apply the following principles, in
the order given here:
a) eliminate or reduce risks as far as possible by design (inherently safe machinery design and
construction);

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b) take the necessary protective measures in relation to risks that cannot be eliminated by design;
c) inform users of any shortcoming of the protective measures adopted;
d) indicate whether any particular training is required;
e) specify any need to provide personal protection equipment;
f) refer to the appropriate user's document for proper operating instructions.
Industrial trucks need to be designed to prevent foreseeable misuse wherever possible, if such would
engender risk. In other cases, the manufacturer's instructions need to draw the user's attention to ways
shown by experience in which the machinery ought not to be used.
This document does not repeat all the technical rules which are state-of-the-art, and which are
applicable to the material used to construct the industrial truck. Refer to ISO 12100.
Global relevance
From the very beginning, the task was to revise ISO  3691:1980 to establish international basic
standards to align with the major legislative regulations in, for example, the EU, Japan, Australia and
North America.
Every effort was made to develop a globally relevant International Standard. That goal was achieved for
most of the issues addressed. For several potential problem areas, compromises were needed and will
still be needed in the future. Where divergent regional requirements remain, these are addressed by
ISO/TS 3691-8.

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