International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887

Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

Three Phase Induction Motor Protection System

Avadhoot. S. Thube1, Pritam. B. Chavan 2, Tatyasaheb. Y. Khamgal3, Kedarnath. G. Khaire 4, Deepika B. Srivastava5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Department of Electrical Engineering, Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology and Research, Wagholi, Pune.

Abstract: Induction motors are utilized as a part of numerous modern applications in an extensive variety of working ranges in
view of their basic and strong structure, and low manufacturing costs. Giving an insurance framework is imperative in
enterprises. The reason for improvement of this project is to provide safety to industrial motors, lift motors, pumps and so on.
The principle motivation behind our project is to protect an induction motors from faults, for example, single phasing,
overvoltage, over temperature and under voltage. In this project we are utilizing a three stage supply by using three single phase
transformers. On the off chance that any of the stages, out of the 3 stages is missing or if temperature of the motor during
operation exceeds threshold value or if the voltage exceeds/drops threshold value motor stops immediately.
The main relay which is powered through a set of four relays gets disconnected because of one relay not being powered.
Furthermore, we are utilizing a microcontroller for identification of these detection and a LCD show to indicate which type of
fault is occurred. This paper has a tendency to develop for protection of three phase induction motor from single phasing, phase
reversal, overvoltage and under voltage.
Keywords: Induction Motor, Fault Protection, Simulation, Over Voltage, Under Voltage, Phasing Out, Over Current,
Microcontroller

I. INTRODUCTION
There are an extensive variety of ac motor and motor characteristics in existence, as a result of the numerous duties for which they
are utilized. All motor require protection, but luckily the more fundamental issues influencing the decision of protection are free of
the kind of motor and the over load to which it is connected. Induction motor when supply with higher voltage than evaluated then
induction motor over heated. In our project a variable resistance is utilized when supply voltage is lower than rated then voltage
drop over the resistance is higher than it protect the motor from this fault. At the point when supply voltage is lower than voltage
drop over the resistance is lower than specified value and motor fails to start. At the point when supply is just a single phasing, this
is single phasing issue and supply voltages rated and at the end of the day motor fails to start. In case of motor overheating lm
sensor is utilized which sense the temperature of winding in the exceed the specified the limit then once again the motor fails to start.
It is highly desired that three phase induction motor works freely from all type of fault. Induction motor is most widely utilized
motor. It requires less maintenance as compared to other electrical motors. The primary goal of the work is to make a cheap and
reliable protection system for three phase induction motor system. The protection system should protect the from voltage
unbalancing, single phasing, under voltage, over voltage and thermal protection. Further to enhance system to run the motor under
single phasing. Classical monitoring for enlistment motor are for the most part given by some combination of mechanical in
electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical types of motor detecting are also limited and ability to identify electrical fault, for
example stator protection failure. Furthermore, the mechanical parts of the gear can cause issues throughout operation and can
decrease the life and the efficiency of the system.
We describe the system for monitoring and controlling of induction motor. A low cost of the system proposed to monitor the
parameters of the induction motor, for example, voltage, current, temperature of the winding, speed of the motor and power factor.
Continuous monitoring is done for every one of these elements and warning the message is sent to in charge person if there should
be set limited value this provision in proposed system facilitated the action to be taken before actual fault occurs on motor. What's
more, henceforth enhancing the execution of the motor by maintaining a strategic distance from its tripping took after by fault.
What's more with the monitoring, the speed control of the motor is performed. On the off chance that an over-load occurs i.e.
Current exceed the maximum limit the relay circuit will turn on the buzzer.

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

The Fig.1 Shows the block diagram of the proposed system. The block diagram of this system represents the protection system for
induction motor which can be used to protect motors in industries, pumps, lift motors etc. For the implementation of various
protections, protection schemes are used and blocks are named. For detection of fault microcontroller is used and for display of type

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

of fault we used a LCD Display. Relay unit is connected to the motor through contactor. And all protection blocks are shown in
diagram.

Fig.1: Block Diagram Of Proposed System

A. Over Voltage Protection

Over voltage protection system of 3 phase induction motor, protects the motor from over voltage, the voltage which is higher than
the appraised voltage. In circuit diagram of overvoltage protection it comprises the comparator which think about two voltages one
is supply and another is drop over the variable resistance. At the point when the voltage drop over the variable résistance is higher
than specified value then comparator creates signals. This signal is sustained to microcontroller and microcontroller makes the
proper move as appeared in fig 2.

Fig 2.circuit diagram of overvoltage protection

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

B. Under Voltage Protection

Under voltage protection of 3 phase induction motor provides the protection from the under voltage. When supply system has low
voltage than the rated of induction motor then under voltage protection section of protection supply is provided to motor. Single
phasing works. It has same concept as overvoltage it also has comparator which compare two voltage one form supply and another
from the voltage drop across the variable résistance. When voltage drop across the variable resistance is lower than specified value,
this signal sends to microcontroller and microcontroller stop the operation of motor in the case of running and fails to operate in
case of starting. This circuit works in same manner as overvoltage protection works only the different is that value set by preset. In
this case set value is minimum but in overvoltage case set values by preset resister. When appropriate voltage drop across the
resister exceeds from the set values of preset the signal sends to microcontrollers.

C. Single Phasing
In single phasing protection to 3 phase induction motor, if other two phases is faulted and only one protection of motor section starts
functioning. Generally in single phase supply voltage is lower value than specified value. On this value of voltage motor is unable to
start. Comparator which compares single phasing supply voltage and rated specified voltage, and single sends to microcontroller and
microcontroller generates single which stop the motor if motor is running and does not allow to motor start in case of standstill.
Sometimes single phasing protection looking much motor important when the motor is tight which important function like
furnishing, pump driving and crane driving etc. This fig. Show the typical single phasing condition in three phase induction motor
where one phase break down and motor is only supplied by remaining phases which is equivalent to single phasing condition. Single
phasing occurs as a result of several possibilities. A loose wire, a bad connection, bad starter contacts, overload relay problems, a
bad breaker, a blown fuse, and other things can cause this destructive condition. Obvious signs are a louder than normal humming
from the motor and/or a shaft that vibrates rather than rotating.

Fig 3. Diagram of single phasing

D. Phase Reversal
Phase reversal problem occurs in motor when the supply phase is reversed due to wrong connection (except than ryb) due to phase
reversal motor starts running in anticlockwise (opposite direction from normal) would cause operation and safety problem. Most of
three phases motor run opposite phases. This type of protection is used in application like elevators where it would be damaging or
dangerous for the motor to run in reverse. Generally when motor is connected with the important application then type of protection
being much more important .when the load is connected with motor then reversal of phase means direction of rotation is changed. It
could cause serious problem therefore much more care is required to protect the motor form such type of fault. The overheating
protection system is placed to turn the motor off when the exceeds heat is generated within the motor. This protection system rested
the motor cools to safe operating temperature. Direction by switching the connection of any two of three although the motor having
shut down because it tripped the thermal limit in inconvenient.

E. Overheating Protection
Overheating protection of motor means protect the motor from overheating of its winding. This overheating in motor is generally
caused by overloading of motor, bearing seizes up something locked the motor shaft from turning. Motor simply fails to starts
properly, a failure to start of motor may cause by faulty start in winding in motor. For sensing the heat LM 35 sensor is used for this

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

purpose. This sensor is connected to comparator inputs. With the help of sensor which sense the temperature of winding & its
temperature exceeds to some particular level then comparator sends this signal to microcontroller as shown in fig.4.

Fig 4. Diagram of overheating protection

III. SIMULATION & RESULT

A three phase induction motor external faults simulation is prepared in Matlab /Simulink environment with varying operating
voltages and load. OL, OV, UV, SP (for each phase), VUB and normal conditions are simulated to obtain three phase RMS line
voltages and RMS line current values. The fault simulation is prepared using 3 phase, 50Hz, 4 kW/5.4 HP, 400 V, 1430 rpm, star
connected induction motor. Induction motor block in Matlab/Simulink is based on arbitrary reference frame theory and contains
highly nonlinear modelling equations.

Fig 5. Simulation Model

A. Simulation Results
Opening of any of three phases is considered in single phasing condition. Fig.6 (a) shows the three phase voltages and currents and
Fig 6(b) shows three phase RMS voltages and currents for SP condition. SP in B phase initiated at 1.16s

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

100
50
0
-50
4
x 10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
4
x 10
15
10
5
0
-5
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Fig:- Phasing out of three phase induction motor.
Fig.6: Relay Operation During Phasing Out Fault

The operating voltages more than 10% rated operating voltages are considered as overvoltage condition in simulation. Fig.7 shows
the three phase voltages and currents and Fig. shows three phase RMS voltages and currents for OV condition. 110.8% OV of rated
voltage initiated at 1.12s
7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Fig:- Over voltage of three phase induction motor.
Fig.7: Relay Operation During Over Voltage Fault

The operating Current more than 10% rated operating current are considered as overcurrent condition in simulation at 1.12s
4
x 10
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Fig:-Over current of three phase induction motor.
Fig.8 Relay Operation During Over Current Fault

The operating voltages less than 10% rated operating voltages are considered under voltage condition in simulation. Fig.9 shows the
three phase voltages and currents & three phase RMS voltages and currents for UV condition. 87% UV of rated voltage initiated at
1.14s.
50
40
30
20
10
0

250
200
150
100
50
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Fig:-Under voltage of three phase induction motor.
Fig.9 Relay Operation During Under Voltage Fault

Standard motor are capable of operating under condition of supply voltage unbalance of 1% for long period. Derating is requiring
for voltage unbalance between 1 to 5% for safe operation which is generally not taken care in field. We have considered voltage
unbalance more than 1% as fault which. All types of voltage unbalance like single phase and two phase under voltage and
overvoltage unbalance, three phase under voltage and overvoltage unbalance and one phase, two phase angle displacement

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

considered in the case. Fig 10 shows the three phase voltages and currents and three phase RMS voltages and currents for VUB
condition. Two phase under voltage VUB initiated at 1.13s.
1000

500

-500

-1000

500

-500

500

-500
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Fig.10: Protection From Unbalance Supply

IV. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

A. Microcontroller & Power Supply

The microcontroller IC which we utilized is Atmega-16. It is a 40 pin IC. The microcontroller receives signal from different
monitoring units of the induction motor. Assurance should be possible all the more successfully and with this microcontroller.
Simple information sources are changed over into advanced flags by ADC inside the microcontroller. The information gathered
from the motor are displayed in liquid crystal display (LCD).

B. LM35 Temperature Sensor

The temperature of the engine winding is measured utilizing the lm35 temperature sensor. The lm35 series are type of precision
integrated circuit temperature sensors. The output of this sensor is linearly proportional the Celsius. For each 10 mv, the temperature
value will be increase in 1 degree.it can measure the temperature from - 55° to +150°c range. The measured temperature from the
sensor unit was displayed in LCD and stored in pc through the controller circuit.

C. Comparator Circuit
It is one of the important part of the system circuit used in the project that compares rated value of the voltage, current and
temperature faulty value and accordingly generates the signal to operate the relays which disconnect the motor from supply. In
comparator circuit we have used two IC and two relays. One of the IC is used for faulty current detection to give signal and other is
used for protecting the motor under/over voltage , temperature rise condition and sent signal to relay 2 to operate. The output of
comparator circuit is given DOL starter of the induction motor for switching the motor.

D. Relay
A relay is an electrically functioned switch, the flow of current through the relay’s coil creates a magnetic field which attracts a
switch and alters the switch contacts. Relays let one circuit to button a second circuit which can be totally divided from the first.
There is no electrical connection in the relay between the two circuits; the connection is magnetic & mechanical. To make relay
through microcontroller, a ULN2003 relay driver IC is used.

V. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Hardware presented in the experimental setup is hard framed to protect it from any mechanical damage and provide robustness. The
base of setup was made up of hard wood to provide mechanical strength and upper layer with black sheet is used.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig.11 Experimental Setup

VI. RESULT
In the proposed framework variable resistance (pre-set) is utilized for modifying reference voltages for various parameters, for
example, under/over voltage, over current, over temperature, over speed, frequency and phase failure. The qualities are set for the
maximum ratings 430 V, 7.1 Amp & temperature up to 50º C. If the value of any parameter goes beyond the reference value than
the relay unit releases the contact of the motor from the circuit. Consequently the motor naturally turned–off. This is the means by
which the induction motor can be protecting effectively from the fault utilizing this microcontroller based protection system. This
system can be tried with different rated induction motors.as per the planned esteem, designed value, the system withstand current up
to 10 Amp, voltage up to 450V, temperature up to 50 ºc

VII. CONCLUSIONS
The induction motor have now become very popular as compared to other motor for many of the industries because it is low cost
simple and extremely rugged construction, high reliability high efficiency and good power factor, low maintenance cost. Induction
motors are utilized as a part of different industry, for example, paper process, sugar industry, for driving the mechanical frameworks.
The maintenance of an induction motor is very essential. The observing of induction motor through wired correspondence is costly
as well as the information correspondence may influence because of physical conditions like human hazards. Hence wireless
communication becomes price worthy turns on excellent substitute for observing as well as the control of induction motor. It
upgrades the execution of the motor.
Protection of three phase induction motor from over voltage, under voltage, single phasing, and overheating and stage inversion give
the smooth running of motor enhances its lifetime and efficiency. For the most part these issues produced when supply framework is
disregarding its rating. In three phase induction motor when running at rated voltage, current and load these fault are not created.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue II, February 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com

For smooth running of motor by and large fixation on supply voltage under as far as possible and load which is driven by the motor
to likewise be under as far as possible.

REFERENCES
[1]. Vikram Singh, Abhishek Gupta, Ankit Gupta, Aniruddha Garg, Ankush Khandelwal, Akshay Gupta “Induction Motor Protection System”, Imperial Journal Of
Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-3, 2017
[2]. Devesh Kumar, Piyush Kumar Verma, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Ravindra Singh, Vishal Singh “Single Phasing, Phase Reversal, Overvoltage, Under Voltage And
Overheating Protection Of Three Phase Induction Motor”, International Journal Of Scientific Research And Management Studies (IJSRMS) ISSN: 2349-3771
Volume 1 Issue 1,
[3]. Harsha Jain, Surbhi Shrivastava “Modern Method For Protection Of Induction Motor Using Microcontroller And Wi-Fi Technology”,International Journal Of
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[4]. Horowitz SH, Phadke AG (2008) Power System Relaying. In: Horowitz SH, Phadke AG “Rotating Machinery Protection”, John Wiley and Sons, England, Pp.
159-178.
[5]. Distribution Automation Handbook, section 8.11, Motor Protection, pp. 6-13.
[6]. Anderdson Pm (1999) Power System Protection, Ieee Press Power Engineering, Nj,
[7]. Willy Interscience, New York, Usa, Pp. 783-787.
[8]. Kersting, Wh (2004), “Caused And Effects Of Single Phasing Induction Motors”,
[9]. Proceedings Of Rural Electrical Power Conference, Ieee, Vol. 4, Pp. 1-6.
[10]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NX0fFj4VSKA
[11]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sUUGRP1kYU
[12]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20qnBGHVG5I
[13]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59PDLoqhg1k

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