Propeller

17.1. Fundamentals.

Question Number.       1. High speed propellers are designed to.                     

Option A.        rotate at high RPM.  
Option B.        operate at high forward speeds.        
Option C.        operate at supersonic tip speeds.       

Question Number.       2.         When in the windmill position ATM.           

Option A.        opposes CTM.
Option B.        is not related to CTM.
Option C.        assists CTM.  

Question Number.       3.         The optimum angle for a fixed pitch propeller is.                 
Option A.        15 degrees.    
Option B.        2 - 4 degrees. 
Option C.        6 - 10 degrees.

Question Number.       4.         A left-handed propeller is one that.              

Option A.        rotates clockwise when viewed from the rear.         
Option B.        rotates clockwise when viewed from the front.       
Option C.        is fitted to an engine on the left side of the aircraft.

Question Number.       5.         Forces acting on a propeller are.                   

Option A.        centrifugal, twisting, and bending.   
Option B.        torque, thrust and centrifugal.          
Option C.        torsion, tension and thrust.   

Question Number.       6.         The blade angle at the root is.           

Option A.        less than the tip.        
Option B.        same from tip to root.
Option C.        greater than the tip.   

Question Number.       7.         What force on a propeller blade turns the blades to a fine
pitch?.               
Option A.        ATM.
Option B.        Torque.          
Option C.        CTM. 

Question Number.       8.         The purpose of propeller twist is.                  

Option A.        coarsen the blade angle at the root.  
Option B.        to maintain Blade Angle along the blade.    
Option C.        to maintain Angle of Attack at the same value along the blade.      

Question Number.       9.         The forces acting on a propeller blade are.               

Option A.        bending, twisting and centrifugal.    
Option B.        thrust, aerodynamic and tension.      
Option C.        thrust and torque.      

Question Number.       10.       Blade angle at the root is.                 

Option A.        low.   
Option B.        high.  
Option C.        master blade angle.   

Question Number.       11.       Blade angle is taken from the chord and.                 
Option A.        propeller shaft.          
Option B.        relative airflow.         
Option C.        plane of rotation.       

Question Number.       12.       What forces act on a propeller blade?.                      

Option A.        Thrust and torque.     
Option B.        Bending, thrust, torque.        
Option C.        Bending, CTM and ATM.    

Question Number.       13.       CTM will.                  

Option A.        try to bend the blade away from the engine.
Option B.        turn the blade about the lateral axis. 
Option C.        cause the tips to rotate at supersonic speeds.

Question Number.       14.       From reverse pitch, to return to normal pitch it.                   
Option A.        passes through coarse then fine.       
Option B.        passes through coarse.
Option C.        passes through fine.  
Question Number.       15.       When in reverse pitch, CTM will tend to move the  propeller
blades towards.                   
Option A.        a positive pitch.         
Option B.        a position depending on rpm.
Option C.        a negative pitch.        

Question Number.       16.       If the blade angle is increased.                     

Option A.        the pitch becomes finer.        
Option B.        the pitch becomes coarser.    
Option C.        lateral stability decreases.     

Question Number.       17.       As a propeller blade moves through the air, forces are produced,
which are known as.                      
Option A.        lift and torque.          
Option B.        lift and drag. 
Option C.        thrust and torque.      

Question Number.       18.       A rotating propeller imparts rearwards motion to a.             

Option A.        small mass of air at high velocity.     
Option B.        large mass of air at low velocity.      
Option C.        small mass of air at low velocity.      

Question Number.       19.       Propeller efficiency is.                      

Option A.        the ratio of output speed to input propeller speed.   
Option B.        the ratio of the work applied to the geometric pitch to useful work on the C.S.U. 
Option C.        the ratio of the useful work done by the propeller to work done by the engine on
the propeller.   

Question Number.       20.       Geometric Pitch is the distance moved.                   

Option A.        in one revolution.      
Option B.        in one revolution when slip is maximum.      
Option C.        in one revolution without slip.          

Question Number.       21.       As propeller rotation speed increases the centrifugal turning
moment on the blades will.               
Option A.        increase.        
Option B.        decrease.       
Option C.        remain constant through r.p.m. range.          
Question Number.       22.       Propeller torque is the resistance offered by the propeller
to.                      
Option A.        feathering.     
Option B.        changing pitch.          
Option C.        rotation.         

Question Number.       23.       The angle between the resultant airflow direction and the propeller
blade plane of rotation is known as.             
Option A.        angle of attack.         
Option B.        blade angle.   
Option C.        helix angle or angle of advance.       

Question Number.       24.       At constant rpm, advance per revolution depends on.                     
Option A.        SHP.  
Option B.        forward speed.

Question Number.       25        .           Aerodynamic Twisting Moment.

Option A.        turns the blade to windmill.        
Option B.        turns the blades to high pitch.                        

Question Number.       26        .           Under normal operation the point of maximum stress on a
propeller blade is at the.                 
Option A.        root.                                                    
Option B.        tip.                        

Question Number.       27        .           Propeller blade angle.             

Option A.        is constant along the blade length.           
Option B.        decreases from root to tip.    
Option C.        increases from root to tip.     

Question Number.       28.       Coarse pitch is used for.                   

Option A.        take off and climb.    
Option B.        maximum economical cruise in level flight.  
Option C.        landing and power checks.   

Question Number.       29.       Effective pitch is.                  

Option A.        distance moved in one revolution.    
Option B.        geometric pitch plus slip.      
Option C.        pitch measured at the master station.
Question Number.       30.       A windmilling Propeller has.            
Option A.        a small positive blade angle. 
Option B.        a small positive angle of attack.        
Option C.        a small negative angle of attack.       

Question Number.       31.       Windmilling causes.              

Option A.        propeller underspeeding.       
Option B.        maximum propeller drag.      
Option C.        Centrifugal Twisting Moment.         

Question Number.       32.       Torque acts.               

Option A.        in the same direction as the plane of rotation.          
Option B.        at right angles to the plane of rotation.         
Option C.        in opposition to the direction of rotation.     

Question Number.       33.       The purpose of blade twist is to.                   

Option A.        reduce angle of attack at the blade root.      
Option B.        to ensure that tip speed does not go faster than Mach 1.     
Option C.        to even out thrust distribution across the propeller.  

Question Number.       34.       Thrust is greatest.                  

Option A.        at 70 to 80% of propeller length.      
Option B.        in the first 50%.        
Option C.        the same all along the length.

Question Number.       35.       CTM changes the pitch of a blade.               

Option A.        about its twisting axis.          
Option B.        bending forward.      
Option C.        towards the feather plane.    

Question Number.       36.       The velocity of the slipstream behind the aircraft in relation to the
ambient air is.              
Option A.        less.   
Option B.        greater.          
Option C.        equal. 

Question Number.       37.       High speed aerofoils are employed at.                      

Option A.        the master station.     
Option B.        the tips.         
Option C.        the root.         

Question Number.       38.       A right hand propeller.                      

Option A.        rotates clockwise when viewed from the rear.         
Option B.        is always fitted to the starboard engine.       
Option C.        rotates clockwise when viewed from the front.       

Question Number.       39.       Given that blade angle is measured from the centre of the hub, the
blade angle at the hub is considered to be.                    
Option A.        lowest.
Option B.        Master Station value.
Option C.        highest.          

Question Number.       40.       A windmilling propeller will create.             

Option A.        more drag in feather. 
Option B.        more drag in fine pitch.         
Option C.        more drag in coarse pitch.     

Question Number.       41.       The chord line of a propeller is.                    

Option A.        a line joining the leading and trailing edges.
Option B.        a line joining the tip to the root of the blade.
Option C.        a line joining the tips of the blades.  

Question Number.       42.       The plane of rotation is defined as.              

Option A.        the plane in which thrust force acts. 
Option B.        the plane in which the propeller rotates.       
Option C.        the angle at which the blade strikes the airflow.      

Question Number.       43.       Thrust bending force on a propeller blade.               

Option A.        intensifies the centrifugal forces to some degrees.   
Option B.        can be used in propeller design to reduce some operation stress.     
Option C.        tends to bend the propeller blade forward at the tip.

Question Number.       44.       What conditions are applied to a propeller blade

windmilling?.                  
Option A.        Positive angle of attack, thrust negative.      
Option B.        Negative angle of attack, thrust positive.     
Option C.        Negative angle of attack, thrust negative.    
Question Number.       45.       The primary purpose of propeller is to.                     
Option A.        change engine horsepower to thrust.
Option B.        provide static and dynamic stability to aircraft.       
Option C.        create lift on the fixed aerofoils of an aircraft.         

Question Number.       46.       The primary purpose of a feathering propeller is to.             

Option A.        prevent further engine damage when an engine fails in flight.         
Option B.        prevent propeller damage when an engine fails in flight.     
Option C.        eliminate the drag created by a windmilling propeller when an engine fails in
flight.                                                                                                                                                   
                            
                                                                                                                                                             
         

17.2. Propeller Construction.

Question Number.       1.         A fibreglass composite blade.           

Option A.        will never be struck by lighting.        
Option B.        does not require lightning strike protection. 
Option C.        requires lightning strike protection.  

Question Number.       2.         The timber most often used today for propeller construction
is.                  
Option A.        birch. 
Option B.        spruce.
Option C.        balsa. 

Question Number.       3.         Electronic torque measuring systems utilise.            

Option A.        strain gauges in the reduction gear.  
Option B.        stress gauges in the reduction gear.  
Option C.        pressure transducers in the reduction gear.   

Question Number.       4.         A conventional turboprop torque meter uses.           

Option A.        hydraulic oil as the pressure medium.
Option B.        coiled spring levers as the pressure medium.
Option C.        engine oil as the pressure medium.   
Correct Answer is.      engine oil as the pressure medium.   
Explanation.    Pallett Aircraft Instruments and integrated Systems page 357.
Question Number.       5.         Metal at the tip and along the leading edge of a wooden propeller
is.                     
Option A.        for balancing.
Option B.        for protection.
Option C.        for Anti-icing.

Question Number.       6.         Blade cuffs are fitted to the root of the blades.                   
Option A.        to increase the strength of the blade.
Option B.        to increase thrust.      
Option C.        to increase flow of cooling air into the engine nacelle.         

Question Number.       7.         Low torque sensing is used to.                     

Option A.        increase power.         
Option B.        increase pitch.
Option C.        initiate auto-feather.  

Question Number.       8.         Torque sensing is used to.                 

Option A.        reduce drag.  
Option B.        reduce drag following engine shutdown.     
Option C.        synchronise blade angle.       

Question Number.       9.         The minimum percentage seating on a propeller rear cone should
be.                      
Option A.        90%.  
Option B.        70%.  
Option C.        95%.  

Question Number.       10.       The propeller is 'feathered' when the blades are at.              
Option A.        0° to plane of rotation.          
Option B.        20° to plane of rotation.        
Option C.        90° to plane of rotation.        

Question Number.       11.       The thrust of a propeller is normally taken by the.               

Option A.        torque meter. 
Option B.        propeller rear cone.    
Option C.        front bearing in the reduction gear.  

Question Number.       12.       On which type of turbo-propeller would you expect to find a
parking brake?.                   
Option A.        Compounded twin spool.     
Option B.        Direct coupled twin spool.    
Option C.        Free turbine.  

Question Number.       13.       What does the torquemeter reading indicate in a gas turbine
engine?.                    
Option A.        Torque reaction at the reduction gear.          
Option B.        The ratio between engine thrust and engine torque. 
Option C.        Engine torque.

Question Number.       14.       The gear segments on the blade roots of a hydromatic propeller
mesh with the.                 
Option A.        stationary cam.          
Option B.        torque tubes and eye bolts.   
Option C.        moving cam.  

Question Number.       15.       A propeller is centralised on the propeller shaft by.             

Option A.        the front and rear cones.       
Option B.        the front git seal.       
Option C.        the rear pre-load shims.         

Question Number.       16.       Reduction gearing allows the.                      

Option A.        blade tips to operate below the speed of sound.      
Option B.        blade tips to operate above the speed of sound.       
Option C.        blade tips to rotate slower than the root of the propeller blade.       

Question Number.       17.       When fitting a propeller to a tapered shaft.              

Option A.        locate the master spline.        
Option B.        ensure the master spline and blade alignment are in accordance with the MM.       
Option C.        ensure fully seated.   

Question Number.       18.       What is the purpose of small holes at the tip of wooden
propellers?.                      
Option A.        Drainage.       
Option B.        Balancing.     
Option C.        Pivot points used during manufacture.         

Question Number.       19.       The thrust face of a propeller blade is the.                

Option A.        root to which the gear segment is fitted.      
Option B.        blade face or flat side.          
Option C.        blade back or curved side.    

Question Number.       20.       Solidity of a propeller can be increased by.              

Option A.        increasing blade chord.         
Option B.        increasing blade angle.          
Option C.        increasing blade thickness.    

Question Number.       21.       A turbo-prop engine.             

Option A.        uses an epicyclic reduction gear system.       
Option B.        uses a spur gear reduction system.    
Option C.        does not require a reduction gear system due to the propshaft being driven from
the low speed compressor.   

Question Number.       22.       Total power of a turbo-prop engine is measured in.             

Option A.        Equivalent Shaft Horsepower (ESHP).        
Option B.        Shaft Horsepower (SHP).     
Option C.        Brake Horsepower (BHP).    

Question Number.       23.       The disadvantage of using reverse pitch on a turbo-propeller

engine is.                  
Option A.        exhaust gas ingestion , high gas temperature and debris ingestion.  
Option B.        debris ingestion.        
Option C.        high gas temperature.

Question Number.       24.       A compound twin spool engine is.               

Option A.        turbo prop propeller driven by a power turbine.       
Option B.        turbo prop twin spool compressor.    
Option C.        LP Compressor driven by a free turbine.      

Question Number.       25.       With the engine stationary the indication that the propeller is in
ground fine pitch is.                      
Option A.        blade and spinner markings aligned. 
Option B.        below stop warning light on.
Option C.        flight fine pitch stop lever withdrawn.         

                                                                                                                                                             
         
                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                             
                                             
17.3. Propeller Pitch Control.                                                        

Question Number.       1.         When the compressive force on a speeder spring is reduced, the
propeller blades will.                      
Option A.        remain fixed. 
Option B.        fine off.         
Option C.        coarsen.         

Question Number.       2.         A hydraulic pitch lock is utilised in a hydromatic propeller

to.                    
Option A.        lock out the course pitch oil line in the event of  underspeeding.    
Option B.        lock out the fine pitch oil line in the event of overspeeding.
Option C.        prevent the propeller overspeeding in the event of oil supply failure.          

Question Number.       3.         When in the beta range, the propeller pitch is controlled.                
Option A.        directly from the power lever.          
Option B.        indirectly from the power lever.       
Option C.        directly from the pitch change mechanism to the PCU.       

Question Number.       4.         The advantage of the beta range is it allows.            

Option A.        high power settings with higher than normal pitch settings when in flight. 
Option B.        low fine pitch settings with high power.      
Option C.        low power settings with higher than normal pitch setting for ground manoeuvres. 

Question Number.       5.         If the speeder spring pressure of a CSU is increased the blade
will.            
Option A.        coarsen off.   
Option B.        fine off.         
Option C.        will not move.

Question Number.       6.         On an underspeed condition the blades are turned to.                     
Option A.        fine.   
Option B.        feather.          
Option C.        coarse.

Question Number.       7.         In a hydromatic propeller with counterweights, what is used to

make the propeller move to fine pitch?.              
Option A.        A T M.          
Option B.        engine oil.      
Option C.        centrifugal force acting on the counterweight.         

Question Number.       8.         Relaxing tension on the governor spring will result in the blade
coarsening and.                
Option A.        RPM decreasing, manifold pressure increasing.       
Option B.        RPM increasing, manifold pressure increasing.        
Option C.        manifold pressure constant, RPM decreasing.          

Question Number.       9.         The ground fine pitch stop is.           

Option A.        never removed.         
Option B.        removed on the ground.        
Option C.        removed during flight.          

Question Number.       10.       If governor flywheel overcomes the speeder spring, it

indicates.                
Option A.        underspeed.   
Option B.        overspeed.     
Option C.        onspeed.        

Question Number.       11.       Pitch control using torque measuring is for.             

Option A.        reducing drag in engine failure.        
Option B.        increasing drag.         
Option C.        reducing drag in binding.      

Question Number.       12.       If force is applied to the speeder spring, what will happen?.           
Option A.        Blade angle is frozen in last known position.
Option B.        Blade angle coarsen. 
Option C.        Blade angle finer.      

Question Number.       13.       When is superfine pitch used?.                     

Option A.        Landing and takeoff.
Option B.        In cruise.       
Option C.        Engine starting to reduce propeller torque loading on starter motor.

Question Number.       14.       When the flyweights fly outwards in a PCU, this is known
as.                   
Option A.        onspeed.        
Option B.        overspeed.     
Option C.        low power settings with higher than normal pitch setting for ground manoeuvres. 

Question Number.       15.       In an on speed condition, oil in the tube.                 

Option A.        remains constant.      
Option B.        flows in the tubes.     
Option C.        flows out of the tubes

Question Number.       16.       On a reversing propeller moving to the maximum reversing angle,
the propeller goes.                      
Option A.        from fine pitch through plane of rotation, course reverse then fine reverse.
Option B.        from course pitch through plane of rotation course, fine reverse then course
reverse.         
Option C.        from fine pitch through plane of rotation, fine reverse then course reverse.

Question Number.       17.       If pressure is increased on the speeder spring, rpm increases. What
happens to the blade angle?.             
Option A.        Remains unchanged. 
Option B.        Increases.      
Option C.        Decreases.     

Question Number.       18.       In a prop with counterweights, what is used to make it move to
fine pitch?.                      
Option A.        ATM.
Option B.        Centrifugal force acting on the counterweight.        
Option C.        Governor oil pressure.

Question Number.       19.       If a propeller is in fine pitch and then moves to feather it will pass
throug.            
Option A.        flight fine only.         
Option B.        reverse.          
Option C.        coarse.

Question Number.       20.       A 'double' acting propeller has.                     

Option A.        nitrogen or air on one side of piston.
Option B.        oil pressure on one side of piston.     
Option C.        oil pressure on two sides of piston.   

Question Number.       21.       During normal propeller operation, oil pressure for the governor is
provided by.                
Option A.        a pump in the governor.        
Option B.        a variable volume pump.       
Option C.        the engine driven pump.       

Question Number.       22.       Oil for an on-speed condition passes through.                     

Option A.        the coarse pitch line. 
Option B.        the fine pitch line.     
Option C.        neither of the lines.   

Question Number.       23.       If the spur gear pump in a single acting propeller governor failed,
the.                   
Option A.        blades would turn to a coarse pitch. 
Option B.        blades would rotate to a fine pitch.  
Option C.        blades would move to the feather position.  

Question Number.       24.       The hydromatic variable pitch propeller is operated on the
principle of.                  
Option A.        a venturi or 'u' tube with mercury.    
Option B.        an electrical motor moving a gear segment.  
Option C.        oil pressure moving a piston. 

Question Number.       25.       The constant speed unit (C.S.U.) governor works on the principle
of.                    
Option A.        manual selection through a gearbox. 
Option B.        centrifugal twisting moments.          
Option C.        spring pressure acting against centrifugal force.       

Question Number.       26.       The purpose of the pitch change cams is to.             
Option A.        convert rotary motion to linear motion.        
Option B.        prevent windmilling. 
Option C.        convert linear motion to rotary motion.        

Question Number.       27.       The gear type pump in a C.S.U. or P.C.U.               

Option A.        lubricates the entire propeller system.
Option B.        boosts engine oil system pressure.    
Option C.        assist the governor valve to move.    

Question Number.       28.       When an engine fails.            

Option A.        the propeller is feathered using an electrical feathering pump.         
Option B.        the propeller is feathered using the propeller governor pump.          
Option C.        the propeller is feathered using counterweights.      

Question Number.       29.       The purpose of an accumulator in a single acting propeller system
is to.                 
Option A.        to port oil to the coarse pitch oil line to assist in feathering the propelle.     
Option B.        accelerate the unfeathering process. 
Option C.        provide back up to the governor pump.        

Question Number.       30.       When auto feathering has taken place the feathering pump is
switched off by.                  
Option A.        pressure control drop switch.
Option B.        carrying out the manual feather drill.
Option C.        removing the pump circuit breaker or fuse.  

Question Number.       31.       On a free turbine engine it is possible to vary the propeller RPM
whilst the engine RPM remains constant.                     
Option A.        by operating the Power lever.
Option B.        it is not possible to vary the propeller RPM. 
Option C.        by operating the PCU control Lever.

17.4 Propeller Ice Protection.

Question Number.       1.         Electrically de-iced propeller slip rings have regular resistance
checks for.             
Option A.        oxidisation due to altitude.   
Option B.        open circuit heating elements.
Option C.        wear between brushes and slip ring. 

Question Number.       2.         Propeller anti-icing may be achieved by.                  

Option A.        using iso-propyl alcohol de-icing fluid sprayed on the blade.          
Option B.        using commercial de-icing fluid sprayed on the pro.
Option C.        a using hot air from the compressor. 

Question Number.       3.         De-icing of the propeller can be monitored by.                    

Option A.        viewing the deicing fluid level sight glass.   
Option B.        viewing the blade and observing ice falling off the blade.   
Option C.        an ammeter in the flight deck.          

Question Number.       4.         Insulation testing of electrical de-icing systems should be

periodically carried out because of.                
Option A.        an open circuit in one of the blades. 
Option B.        oxidation due to atmospheric conditions.     
Option C.        wear on the slip rings.

Question Number.       5.         Insulation checks on propeller electrical heating elements should
be carried out frequently due to.                 
Option A.        short/open circuits in the heating system wires along the propeller blade.   
Option B.        oxidation of slip ring and brush gear assembly.        
Option C.        deposits formed due to the wear of slip ring and brush gear assembly.       

Question Number.       6.         Where is the de-icing boot?.             

Option A.        Root. 
Option B.        Trailing edge.
Option C.        Tip.    

Question Number.       7.         How is anti icing fluid fed to the individual blades?.                      
Option A.        Pump to a slinger ring.          
Option B.        Pump to each blade rubber feed boot.          
Option C.        Under gravity to the slinger ring then on to the blade.         

Question Number.       8.         Ice is removed from blades by.                     

Option A.        a continuously heated electrical boot.
Option B.        rubber boots inflated in sequence using compressor hot air.
Option C.        inboard and outboard boot sections heated in sequence by action of the timer.      

Question Number.       9.         Propeller blades are de-iced by.                    

Option A.        electrical heating elements bound in rubber overshoes on the blade leading edges.
Option B.        generating eddy currents in the blade.          
Option C.        electrical heating elements wound around rubber shoes.      

Question Number.       10.       Electrical power supplies on large aircraft, for electrical deicing
are.           
Option A.        AC.   
Option B.        DC.   
Option C.        Both AC or DC.       

Question Number.       11.       Propeller slip rings.                

Option A.        convey oil for PCU to pitch change mechanism.      
Option B.        minimise slip.
Option C.        conduct electrical power for de-icing.          

Question Number.       12.       On an electrical deicing system fast cycle is used.               

Option A.        at low air temperature.          
Option B.        at high air temperature.         
Option C.        on the ground.

Question Number.       13.       The output of an anti-icing pump is controlled by.               

Option A.        a rheostat.      
Option B.        the hand pump.         
Option C.        a cyclic timer.

Question Number.       14.       De-icing fluid goes to a slinger ring from.                

Option A.        an electrical pump.    
Option B.        a hand pump.
Option C.        a tank in the prop hub, providing constant feed once released.       

Question Number.       15.       To increase anti icing effectiveness.             

Option A.        increase cycle times.  
Option B.        increase the AC or DC current.        
Option C.        use liquid as well as electrical anti icing systems.     

Question Number.       16.       Propeller de-icing for varying rates of icing can be varied
by.                     
Option A.        increasing propeller RPM.     
Option B.        increasing cyclic timing.        
Option C.        increasing the AC or DC voltage.     

Question Number.       17.       Propeller De-icing can be checked by.                      

Option A.        checking the torque meter for abnormal readings.    
Option B.        checking the the de-icing ammeter.  
Option C.        visually checking for ice on the blades.        

Question Number.       18.       Proper operation of electric deicing boots on individual propeller
blades may be best determined by.                      
Option A.        feeling the sequence of boot heating and have an assistant observe the loadmeter
indications.      
Option B.        feeling the boots to see if they are heating.  
Option C.        observing the ammeter or loadmeter for current flow.         

Question Number.       19.       What unit in the propeller anti-icing system controls the output of
the pump?.                   
Option A.        Pressure relief valve. 
Option B.        Rheostat.       
Option C.        Cycling timer.
Correct Answer is.      Rheostat.       
Explanation.    65-12A.

Question Number.       20.       Ice formation on the propellers, when the aircraft is in flight,
will.             
Option A.        decrease available engine power.      
Option B.        increase aircraft stall speed and increase noise.        
Option C.        decrease thrust and cause excessive vibration.