TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

College of Engineering and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department

ASSIGNMENT NO. 3
MODULE 3

CEM 304

SUBMITTED BY:
Platoon N. Bejer
1810587
BSCE/CE32S2

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. MAUREEN PAULA SIGUIN

MAY 24, 2021

 Risk Assessment

What is Risk Assessment?

Risk assessment is a term used to describe the overall process or method where you:

Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard

identification).

Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk

evaluation).

Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard or control the risk when the hazard

cannot be eliminated (risk control).

A risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify those things,

situations, processes, etc. that may cause harm, particularly to people. After identification is
made, you analyze and evaluate how likely and severe the risk is. When this determination is
made, you can next, decide what measures should be in place to effectively eliminate or control the
harm from happening.

Figure 1:
The Relationship between Work, Safety,
and Health

Source: Construction Site Safety Handbook by

Land Transport Authority, Singapore
 Additional Information
Common Risks in Construction:
Safety hazards that lead to worker accidents and injuries
Managing change orders
Incomplete drawings and poorly defined scope
Unknown site conditions
Poorly written contracts
Unexpected increases in material costs
Labor shortages
Damage or theft to equipment and tools
Natural disasters
Issues with subcontractors and suppliers
Availability of building materials
Poor project management

What are the importance of Risk Assessment?

Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of an occupational health
and safety management plan. They help to:

 Create awareness of hazards and risk.

 Identify who may be at risk (e.g., employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public,

etc.).

 Determine whether a control program is required for a particular hazard.

 Determine if existing control measures are adequate or if more should be done.

 Prevent injuries or illnesses, especially when done at the design or planning stage.

 Prioritize hazards and control measures.

  Meet legal requirements where applicable.

Additional Information
Types of Risk Assessments

Qualitative Risk Assessments 

Most risk assessments will fall under this category. When carrying out a qualitative
assessment, the assessor will use their personal judgement to identify hazards around the
workplace, assess risks and plan control measures.  

Risks may be classed as high, medium or low-level after the assessor has considered both
the probability and severity of the risk in question.

Quantitative Risk Assessments 

This type of risk assessment uses quantitative tools and techniques to measure the level
of risks. A risk matrix may be used so that a value can be assigned to the likelihood and
severity of risks

Generic Risk Assessments  

Generic risk assessments assess the hazards and risks involved in work tasks and
activities. They can be used in different locations and by different companies for activities that
are the same/similar, so they’re often used as risk-assessment templates. This allows you to
reduce duplication in your risk-management processes.  

Site-Specific Risk Assessments 

These are the most important types of risk assessments, as they’re carried out for a
specific activity in a specific location. This means they’re completely relevant and should be
effective at eliminating or controlling risks and keeping people safe. Think of these risk
assessments like takin

Dynamic Risk Assessments  

Dynamic risk assessments are carried out on the spot, during unforeseen circumstances.
If there are sudden, significant changes to the health and safety of the workplace or work
activities, written risk assessments may not be applicable. Risks may need to be considered
on the spot to assess whether it’s safe for work to continue.
 How to conduct Risk Assessment in a construction site?

Assessments should be done by a competent person or team of individuals who have a good
working knowledge of the situation being studied. Include either on the team or as sources of
information, the supervisors and workers who work with the process under review as these
individuals are the most familiar with the operation.

In general, to do an assessment, you should:

Identify hazards.

Determine the likelihood of harm, such as an injury or illness occurring, and its severity.

 Consider normal operational situations as well as non-standard events such as

maintenance, shutdowns, power outages, emergencies, extreme weather, etc.

 Review all available health and safety information about the hazard such as Safety

Data Sheet (SDS), manufacturers literature, information from reputable organizations,

results of testing, workplace inspection reports, records of workplace incidents

(accidents), including information about the type and frequency of the occurrence,

illnesses, injuries, near misses, etc.

 Understand the minimum legislated requirements for your jurisdiction.

Identify actions necessary to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk using the hierarchy of

risk control methods.

Evaluate to confirm if the hazard has been eliminated or if the risk is appropriately

controlled.

Monitor to make sure the control continues to be effective.

Keep any documents or records that may be necessary. Documentation may include

detailing the process used to assess the risk, outlining any evaluations, or detailing how
 conclusions were made.

Risk Assessments Considerations:

 The methods and procedures used in the processing, use, handling or storage of the

substance, etc.

 The actual and the potential exposure of workers (e.g., how many workers may be

exposed, what that exposure is/will be, and how often they will be exposed).

 The measures and procedures necessary to control such exposure by means of

engineering controls, work practices, and hygiene practices and facilities.

 The duration and frequency of the task (how long and how often a task is done).

 The location where the task is done.

 The machinery, tools, materials, etc. that are used in the operation and how they are used

(e.g., the physical state of a chemical, or lifting heavy loads for a distance).

 Any possible interactions with other activities in the area and if the task could affect others

(e.g., cleaners, visitors, etc.).

 The lifecycle of the product, process or service (e.g., design, construction, uses,

decommissioning).

 The education and training the workers have received.

 How a person would react in a particular situation (e.g., what would be the most common

reaction by a person if the machine failed or malfunctioned).

It is important to remember that the assessment must consider not only the current state of the
workplace but any potential situations as well.

By determining the level of risk associated with the hazard, the employer, and the health and safety
committee (where appropriate), can decide whether a control program is required and to what
level.

Additional Information

Sample Risk Assessment Form

Name of person doing assessment:

Date:

Activity / Procedure being assessed:

Known or expected hazards and risks associated with the activity:

Possible consequences: What are the possible consequences? How likely are these
consequences to occur? What is the possible severity of the harm?

Who is at risk?

Measure to be taken to eliminate the hazard or lower the level of risk:

Is there a risk of the control measures failing?  What would the consequences be?

Training requirements:
 Level of risk remaining:

Action to be taken in an emergency:

References, if any:

Signature of Assessor:

References:

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety. (2017, February 15). Risk Assessment : OSH

Answers. https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/risk_assessment.html

Jones, K. (2020, June 4). Construction Risk Management | ConstructConnect. Construct Connect.

https://www.constructconnect.com/blog/identifying-managing-construction-project-risks

Land Transportation Authority, Singapore. (2019). Construction Safety Handbook.

https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltagov/industry_innovations/industry_matters/safety_heal

th_environment/construction_safety_environment/pdf/LTA_Construction_Safety_Handbook_

2019_rv.pdf

Sample Risk Assessment Form : OSH Answers. (n.d.). CCOHS. Retrieved May 22, 2021, from

https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/sample_risk.html

The Contractor Health and Safety Assessment Scheme. (n.d.). What Are the Types of Risk

Assessments? CHAS. Retrieved May 22, 2021, from https://www.chas.co.uk/help-

advice/risk-management-compliance/risk-safety-statement-types/
I affirm that I have not received or given any unauthorized help on this assignment

and that this work is my own

PLATOON N. BEJER