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    Speech - Modal Verbs - Cielo Suarez Gamero

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    Cielo Isabel Suarez Gamero
    The document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that cannot function as main verbs and are used to express concepts like ability, necessity, possibility, probability, permission, and obligation. Some key points: - Modal verbs modify other verbs and are always followed by an infinitive verb form. - They do not have distinct tenses but can refer to completed or uncompleted actions depending on if followed by a bare infinitive or perfect infinitive. - Must, should, and ought express probability or likelihood. Must indicates certainty, should/ought indicate likelihood. - Can't, couldn't, and couldn't have express impossibility, with couldn't have being

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    Speech - Modal Verbs - Cielo Suarez Gamero

    Uploaded by

    Cielo Isabel Suarez Gamero
    40 views4 pages
    The document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that cannot function as main verbs and are used to express concepts like ability, necessity, possibility, probability, permission, and obligation. Some key points: - Modal verbs modify other verbs and are always followed by an infinitive verb form. - They do not have distinct tenses but can refer to completed or uncompleted actions depending on if followed by a bare infinitive or perfect infinitive. - Must, should, and ought express probability or likelihood. Must indicates certainty, should/ought indicate likelihood. - Can't, couldn't, and couldn't have express impossibility, with couldn't have being

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    Speech -Modal Verbs - Cielo Suarez Gamero

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    The document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that cannot function as main verbs and are used to express concepts like ability, necessity, possibility, probability, permission, and obligation. Some key points: - Modal verbs modify other verbs and are always followed by an infinitive verb form. - They do not have distinct tenses but can refer to completed or uncompleted actions depending on if followed by a bare infinitive or perfect infinitive. - Must, should, and ought express probability or likelihood. Must indicates certainty, should/ought indicate likelihood. - Can't, couldn't, and couldn't have express impossibility, with couldn't have being

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views4 pages

    Speech - Modal Verbs - Cielo Suarez Gamero

    Uploaded by

    Cielo Isabel Suarez Gamero
    The document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that cannot function as main verbs and are used to express concepts like ability, necessity, possibility, probability, permission, and obligation. Some key points: - Modal verbs modify other verbs and are always followed by an infinitive verb form. - They do not have distinct tenses but can refer to completed or uncompleted actions depending on if followed by a bare infinitive or perfect infinitive. - Must, should, and ought express probability or likelihood. Must indicates certainty, should/ought indicate likelihood. - Can't, couldn't, and couldn't have express impossibility, with couldn't have being

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    ENGLI

    LASTNA Suárez Gamero


    ME : Cielo Isabel
    NAMES Lic. Milagro Herrera D
    : ´Brot
    TEACHE Advanced 1
    R :
    Sunday 8 to 2 p.m
    LEVEL
    MODAL VERBS
    Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs which can’t function as main verbs.

    Also , a modal verb can express ability, necessity, conditional, probability, possibility, or prohibition.
    But its meaning depends on the context of the sentence and the verbs with which they are
    conjugated.

    In adition, one of the characteristics of modal verbs is that they modify other verbs, so after a
    modal verb there is always a verb in its infinitive form. The negative or interrogative form of a
    modal verb doesn’t need an auxiliary, since the verb in question fulfills that function.

    In conclution, they don't have tenses in the normal sense.When followed by a normal bare
    infinitive, they refer to an uncompleted accion or state (that is to say present or future); when
    followed by the bare perfect infinitive, they refer to a completed accion or state.

    e) Logical Assumptions (must – can´t / couldn´t)

    They’re wearing light clothes.

    - It must be summer.

    - It can’t be winter.

    MUST :
    When do we use it?

    We use it when we are sure/certain that something is true.

    Must is used in affirmative sentences and expresses positive logical assumptions about the
    present.

    Structure :

    In present: modal + present infinitive


    Note: infinitive without “to” .
    Subject + modal + infinitive + Complement e.g.(must be, must have,etc)

    In past: when we draw the conclusion that something DID happen.

    Subject + modal + have + Past participle + Complement

    Examples:

    1. It’s sunday. Anderson must be at home now.

    (I´m sure he is at home now)

    2. It’s sunday. Anderson must have been in the park yesterday.

    (I’m sure he was in the park yesterday)


    For example, if we see this picture, we can say:

    3. He must be a chef.
    (we are very certain, because of his uniform and what he is doing)

    4. Nathaly got a tan. She must have spent a lot of time in the sun lately.

    5. There was one banana left, but now it’s gone. My husband must have eaten it.

    CAN’T / COULDN ’ T :
    When do we use it?

    We use it when we are sure that something isn’t true,real, etc.

    Can’t and Couldn’t are used in negations and expresses negative logical assumptions.

    Can’t have is also possible, but it is much less common than couldn’t have.

    Examples:

    1. He can’t be a policeman.
    (we are very certain he is NOT a policeman, because he is a fireman)

    2. Carla works every day from 9 AM to 5 PM. Right now it’s 10:30 AM, so…
    She can’t be at home.

    3. Martha couldn’t have taken your notebook; she wasn’t even in class
    yesterday.

    4. The cookies are gone. But Eric couldn’t have reached the cookies on the top
    shelf; he must have asked his older brother to get them.
    f) Probability (should / ought)

    SHOULD / OUGHT :
    When do we use it?

    Should and ought are used to express that something is likely to happen in the present or
    future. (although you are not completely, 100% certain)

    Structure :

    Subject + Should/ought to + Verb Base form+ Complement

    Examples:

    1. It’s 8 o’clock. My father should be/ought to be at work.

    2. It's 4 pm. We should /ought to finish our homework before 6pm,


    it’s not difficult.

    3. I took my car to the mechanic yesterday and he said the problem


    would be fixed in a day – so my car should /ought to be ready by now.

    4. The weather is clear, so our flight shouldn’t be delayed.

    5. I’ve written out all the instructions for this task step by step, so
    you shouldn’t / ought not to run into any problems when you try to
    do it.

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