New Zealand Writers Guild: Guide To Recommended Minimum Writing Rates
New Zealand Writers Guild: Guide To Recommended Minimum Writing Rates
New Zealand Writers Guild: Guide To Recommended Minimum Writing Rates
GUIDE TO
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM WRITING RATES
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Radio Comedy _________________________________________________________ 13
SCRIPT CONSULTING___________________________________________________13
Introduction ___________________________________________________________ 13
FILM _________________________________________________________________ 13
Script Doctor/Rewriter (Uncredited) _______________________________________ 13
GENERAL _____________________________________________________________ 14
Script/Project Assessment Consultant _____________________________________ 14
Script Development Consultant ___________________________________________ 14
CORPORATE/EDUCATIONAL VIDEO ______________________________________14
Introduction ___________________________________________________________ 14
INTRODUCTION
The New Zealand Writers Guild has always advocated minimum rates and conditions for the writing of film,
television, theatre, radio and other forms of script based writing. The Guild was the first organisation to
negotiate a minimum agreement with theatres and in the 1980s negotiated minimum rates for the writing of
television (though this agreement was swept away with the changes wrought by the Employment Contracts
Act 1991).
In 1999 the Guild undertook a comprehensive review of writing rates and established the first Minimum
Recommended Rates sheet. In late 2004 the Guild completed another review of rates. This Guide is a result
of the information obtained from that most recent review.
This Guide contains rates for all the major types of script based writing completed for the screen and for
radio. Anyone seeking rates for theatre should contact Playmarket.
The amounts in this Guide are minimums. Experienced writers are encouraged to use these rates as a
negotiating tool upon which to negotiate higher fees.
Although the rates in this Guide are not enforceable, they are the Guild’s recommended minimum rates and
should, wherever possible, be adhered to.
The Guild has attempted to collect information on all forms of script writing rates, however some information
has not been available. If you cannot find a minimum rate for the work you are undertaking then please
contact the Guild for further assistance.
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However sometimes there are opportunities for non-writing work or participation in projects that could be
rewarding and could open doors. If you are already established as a professional writer, these are not for you.
But if you are still trying to get on the ladder, these may give you useful experience and contacts.
The Guild can't check every project in detail, so if you are interested please take care and make sure you
know exactly how much work, and what type of work, you may be letting yourself in for. If you find yourself
contributing significant ideas or material, at that point you must ask to be paid on the same basis as other
contributors. If you are in doubt contact the Guild.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The New Zealand Writers Guild would like to sincerely thank all those writers who provided information that
has made this Guide possible. It would also like to acknowledge the work which has gone into this Guide and
previous editions including Kathryn Burnett, Gravitas Research and Thompson Powell Consulting.
DEFINITIONS
In this Guide these words and phrases have the following meaning:
Adapted Screenplay means script which is based on an underlying work (eg. novel, short story, magazine
article or play).
Deferral – means any postponement or delaying of a fee. Due to the availability of development funding the
writer may on occasion agree to defer a percentage of their fee to no later than the first day of principal
photography.
Feature Film means a film of sixty minutes or more in length and intended initially for theatrical distribution.
First Day of Principal Photography means the first day filming begins on a screen project.
Gross Profits means the total profit from the exploitation of a work. Sometimes referred to as Gross Points
or Gross Receipts.
Net Profits means the Gross Profits from a project after certain deductions (such as distribution fees and
expenses, production costs, deferments and cost of finance) are made. Sometimes referred to as Net Points
or Net Receipts.
Option means the sole right to acquire the rights in a work – this right is established by an option agreement.
Original Screenplay means a script from an original idea (as opposed to an adapted script which is written
from an underlying work).
Purchase means the buying of the rights to a work – this buying is established by a purchase agreement. A
purchase will typically buy rights such as the right to produce, distribute, exhibit and broadcast the work.
Scene Breakdown means a detailed breakdown of the script in prose form, indicating the structure,
characterisation and plot, describing the time, location and cast of each scene. It will likely also contain some
representative dialogue.
Short Film means a film of between six and sixty minutes in length intended initially for theatrical distribution.
Storyline means a short outline of the story in prose form (‘storyline’ and ‘treatment’ are often used
interchangeably - but it is generally understood that a storyline is a shorter document and a treatment will go
into more detail and include a more intensive look at characters and action).
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Television Mini-Series means a single dramatic television production intended for broadcast in two or three
segments of around 90 minutes each with a storyline beginning in the first segment and concluding in the last
segment.
Television Movie means a dramatic television production of ninety minutes or more in broadcast length.
Treatment means a detailed outline of the story in prose form (‘storyline’ and ‘treatment’ are often used
interchangeably - but it is generally understood that a storyline is a shorter document and a treatment will go
into more detail and include a more intensive look at characters and action).
Underlying Work means the already existing material which is the basis for a further work (ie. treatment,
script). Examples of underlying work include a novel, short story, magazine article or play.
Writing Budget means money that encompasses entire development of script. As well as the script fees it
may include an option payment, payment to consultants, editors, supervisors and additional writers.
FEATURE FILM
Introduction
Typically any engagement to write a feature film screenplay may involve the following fees:
For an underlying work – an option payment (paid when the work is optioned) and purchase payment
(paid on the first day of principal photography).
For an original screenplay – an option payment (paid when the work is optioned) and rights payment
(paid on the first day of principal photography). Any writing done while commissioned (ie. while the
work is optioned) should be paid as a screenwriter’s fee.
Option
Underlying Work
Options of the underlying work will vary in amount and duration depending
)BUSINESS SENSE
The option fee should not be
on various factors and it is therefore difficult to give definitive rates.
offset against (ie. deducted
Material that is well known or by a well known author will obviously be able
from) the purchase or script
to command higher rates.
fee as then the producer is
effectively asking author to
Recommended minimum: $500 pay their own option fee.
Recommended duration: 1-5 years
Original Screenplay
The writing budget for an Original Feature Film should be a minimum of 3.5% of the total production budget.
In the case of a second writer being brought in to complete or rewrite the original script the minimum rate per
draft should be no less than the equivalent of 25% of total script fee.
Adapted Screenplay
Purchase of Underlying Work
The cost of the purchase of the underlying work is distinct from the cost of the
)BUSINESS SENSE
The Guild recommends no
writing of the adapted screenplay, even in cases where the author is the less than 75% of script
same. development funding from
the New Zealand Film
The purchase price for an underlying work should be approximately 1.5% - Commission should go to the
2.5% of the total production budget. The purchase price is typically paid on writer, especially at the
the first day of principal photography. treatment and first draft
stages.
Script Fee
The fee for an adapted screenplay should be a minimum of 2.5% of total production budget.
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50% of each draft fee should be paid to the writer on commencement of each draft, the final 50% being
payable on delivery, not on acceptance, of the work.
All feature film contracts should contain an escalation clause. This clause stipulates that if the overall
production budget increases the writer’s fee increases accordingly.
Payment for additional script editing and /or script consulting should not be included in the writer’s agreed fee.
This cost should be allowed for by the producer within the larger, overall writing budget.
Writers should be encouraged to negotiate for net profits. Experienced writers should be encouraged to
negotiate for gross profits.
SHORT FILM
Option
Underlying Work/Original Screenplay
Purchase
Underlying Work
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Is able to share in 10% (to be negotiated) of net profits or;
Is able to share in 3-5% of Producer’s gross points.
Option
Original Teleplay/Concept
A purchase contract should also include provision for Creator’s/Devisor’s fee. This fee will often be paid as a
set fee against each scripted episode.
Purchase
Creator/Devisor’s Fee
Script Fee
Television scripts may be commissioned in various stages. Often a commission will take the form of a brief
(2-5 page) storyline, treatment (5-10 pages), scene breakdown (5-15 pages) or first-third draft. The rates
given immediately below assume a commission of treatment, first, second and third draft.
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Storyline
)BUSINESS SENSE
Recommended Minimum: $1,000
Television scripts may be commissioned in various stages. Often a commission will take the form of a brief
(2-5 page) storyline, treatment (5-10 pages), scene breakdown (5-15 pages) or first-third draft. The rates
given immediately below assume a commission of treatment, first, second and third draft.
Storyline
Scene Breakdown
Script
Daily/Weekly Rates
Some production companies prefer to hire writers on a daily or weekly rate. This is common for half hour
adult drama and less common on children’s drama and one hour adult drama.
When working on a regular rate writers should weigh up the benefits of such engagement with the
disadvantages. Overall, the rate for writing is far lower than that of the per script fee. However, if a
substantial amount of work is being offered (eg. several months) then that benefit may be seen to outweigh
the lower overall fee.
While the Guild understands that being hired on a daily or weekly rate for the storylining phase of a one hour
drama could be acceptable it prefers that one hour dramas are not scripted on weekly rates.
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One Hour Drama - Weekly Rate
Option
For Original Teleplay/Concept
)BUSINESS SENSE
A purchase price is paid to the creator/originator of a television series.
When the series is purchased it should attract a purchase price of the
equivalent to one episode script fee (at the originator script fee rate). The Creator’s/Devisor’s fee is
an additional payment to any
A purchase contract should also include provision for other fees the writer receives
Creator’s/Devisor’s fee. This fee will often be paid as a set fee against (ie. purchase fee, script fee).
each scripted episode. It should not be discounted just
because the writer is also
The purchase price is only paid on the first day of principal photography. writing scripts on a show.
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Purchase
Creator’s/Devisor’s Fee
Script Fee
Storyline
Scene Breakdown
Script
TELEVISION - MINI-SERIES/TELEFEATURE
New Zealand does not make many mini-series and telefeatures and examples of rates for these are therefore
difficult to collect. The following are presented as illustrative examples only, not recommended minimums.
Examples: $16,000 per hour for 1st and 2nd draft and rewrites (storyline provided).
$24,000 per 90 minute episode (originating writer)
There are a range of programme types in children’s television. Because the duration of shows varies the
following are given as examples, but not recommended minimums.
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Animated Children’s Show )BUSINESS SENSE
Writers should ensure they
Examples: $1,200 (5 ½ minute episode)
understand the business environment
$1,500 (7 minute episode)
they work in. Understanding the
economics of the industry will enable
you to ensure you can negotiate both
realistically and successfully.
Live Action Children’s Show
Purchase
A purchase price is paid to the creator/originator of a television series. When the series is purchased it
should attract around 2.5%-3.5% of the production budget of that show (unlike other television shows these
shows are unlikely to have large writing budgets and therefore the purchase price is tied to the production
budget).
Also, a purchase contract should include provision for Creator’s/Devisor’s fee - approximately 1% of the
production budget of each episode of the series or a percentage of the production management fee.
Sketch Comedy
Range: $400 - $500 (per minute)
Recommended Minimum: $400
)BUSINESS SENSE
When creating Reality or Game
shows writers should ensure
Reality Show they negotiate a share of
international rights/gross
Recommended Minimum: profits as such formats can sell
well overseas.
Salaried Writer $1200 - $2,000 per week
Game Show
Recommended Minimum:
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Purchase of Rights $40 per minute (no minimum length)
Factual Questions $4 per question (to be commissioned in multiples of ten)
Salaried Writer $1200 - $1,500 per week
TELEVISION - DOCUMENTARY
Introduction
Documentaries are sometimes researched, written and directed by the same person. However, sometimes
these tasks are done by separate individuals.
Writing towards a documentary needs to take into account whether the writer is the creator and/or researcher
and/or writer of the narrative. Rates will vary depending on how involved the writer is with these various
tasks.
The rates below are all based on one-hour documentaries intended for television broadcast.
Research only
RADIO
Introduction
Due to the small amount of original radio script work produced the Guild
)BUSINESS SENSE
has only a small sample from which to draw these rates. Radio New Contracts for radio usually
Zealand, the key commissioners for radio work, also have fairly set rates allow for one to three plays of
of pay. When contracting for radio work writers should contact the Guild the work. Any further plays
to discuss the rate offered. should require additional
payment(s) to the writer.
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Purchase
Writers of underlying work will typically have the radio rights to that work purchased. Material that is well
known or by a well known author will obviously be able to command higher rates.
Radio Drama
One Hour Play
Recommended Minimum: $3,000 - $6,000
Radio Comedy
Short Episodes/Sketches
Recommended Minimum: $150 - $260 per 1-2 min episodes
Thirty Minute Play/Serial
Recommended Minimum: $1,500 - $3,000
SCRIPT CONSULTING
Introduction
Generally it is accepted that script editors (whose work involves editing and rewriting) primarily work in
television. Those who work on film scripts are commonly, but inaccurately, referred to as script editors but are
often performing development work or script doctoring.
Rates for television script editors can be found in the Television – Half
Hour Adult Drama/Serial section of this Guide. )BUSINESS SENSE
No script consulting fee should
be deducted from the actual
script fee – these fees are all
FILM additional to the fee paid to
the original writer.
Script Doctor/Rewriter (Uncredited)
A script doctor/rewriter may rewrite up to 30% of script and will be employed to come in and fix a script but
has no copyright interest in work and does not get a credit. Not to be confused with a second writer who
works on a draft by draft basis, does have a copyright interest in the work and receives a credit.
Note: When the work required in rewriting exceeds more than 30% of the original script, the writer crosses
over from script doctor to second writer. (See the notes about Subsequent Writers in the Film section in this
Guide)
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GENERAL
Script/Project Assessment Consultant
A script assessor gives a one off assessment and provides feedback. The assessor does not write, edit, or
develop scripts with the writer and has no copyright in the idea or script.
CORPORATE/EDUCATIONAL VIDEO
Introduction
The rates for corporate and educational video will vary greatly
depending on who the client is. Rates for corporate clients will
)BUSINESS SENSE
obviously be higher than those for government and non-profit There are no standard
organisations. contracts for corporate video in
New Zealand. If presented
Unlike other forms of screen work, there is likely to be no option or with a contract you should
purchase arrangement, simply a contract to produce a treatment contact the Guild for specific
and/or a script. advice on terms.
Because of its nature most writers find it useful to charge a per minute rate for corporate/educational video.
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