SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

“ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM”

Submitted By

SAMRIDDHI SINGH
ROLL NO.-1784040036

Rajkiya Engineering College Mainpuri

Agra Road, Mainpuri-205119
SEMESTER 8TH, 2021

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in the

development of this work and who influenced my thinking, behavior and acts during the course
of study.

I would like to place on my record my deep sense of gratitude to Mrs. Ruchi Pathak for her
generous guidance, help and useful suggestion.

I am extremely thankful to my other department faculties and friends for giving valuable
suggestion and encouragement.

SAMRIDDHI SINGH
Mechanical Department
Rajkiya Engineering College Mainpuri
Affiliated to,
AKTU LUCKNOW Roll no.1784040036

2
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I Samriddhi Singh, Roll no.1784040036 of Rajkiya Engineering College Mainpuri hereby certify
that I have completed my eighth semester seminar presentation report in partial fulfillment of
requirements for the lab subject of mechanical engineering i.e. “Seminar” with its code “RME
851”.

Presentation report entitled “Engine cooling system” is an original and has not been submitted by
me for the award of any other degree elsewhere.

Samriddhi Singh
Roll no.1784040036

3
 CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION 3
CONTENTS 4
1: Introduction 5
1.1 Engine cooling system
1.2 Types of cooling system

REFERENCES 15

4
 Introduction
1.1 Engine Cooling System
In IC engine, during the process of converting thermal energy to mechanical energy, high
temperatures are produced in the cylinders of the engine as a result of the combustion process. A
large portion of heat from the gases of combustion is transferred to the cylinder head and walls,
piston and valves. Unless this excess heat is carried away and these parts are adequately cooled,
the engine will be damaged. A cooling system must be provided not only to prevent damage to
the vital parts of the engine, but the temperature of these components must be maintained within
certain limits in order to obtain maximum performance of the engine.
We know that in case of Internal Combustion engines, combustion of air and fuel takes place
inside the engine cylinder and hot gases are generated. The temperature of gases will be around
2300-2500°C. This is a very high temperature and may result into burning of oil film between
the moving parts and may result into seizing or welding of the same. So, this temperature must
be reduced to about 150-200°C at which the engine will work most efficiently. Too much
cooling is also not desirable since it reduces the thermal efficiency. So, the object of cooling
system is to keep the engine running at its most efficient operating temperature.
It is to be noted that the engine is quite inefficient when it is cold and hence the cooling system is
designed in such a way that it prevents cooling when the engine is warming up and till it attains
to maximum efficient operating temperature, then it starts cooling.
It is also to be noted that:
(a) About 20-25% of total heat generated is used for producing brake power (useful work).
(b) Cooling system is designed to remove 30-35% of total heat.
(c) Remaining heat is lost in friction and carried away by exhaust gases.

Fig.1. Automatic engine cooling system

5
1.2 Types Engine Cooling System
a) Air Cooled System
b) Water Cooled System

1.2.1 Air Cooled System

 Air cooled system is generally used in small engines say up to 15-20 kW and in aero
plane engines.
 In this system fins or extended surfaces are provided on the cylinder walls, cylinder head,
etc.
 Heat generated due to combustion in the engine cylinder will be conducted to the fins
and when the air flows over the fins, heat will be dissipated to air.
 Air flows over cooling fins around the outside of the cylinder and head by the natural
motion of the vehicle.
 This method is widely used in light engines where heat generation is usually not that
much.
 This method of cooling doesn’t require any special equipment or any type of coolants.
The amount of heat dissipated to air depends upon:
(a) Amount of air flowing through the fins.
(b) Fin surface area.
(c) Thermal conductivity of metal used for fins.

Fig.2. Cylinder with cooling fins

6
 Advantages of Air Cooled System

Following are the advantages of air cooled system:

(a) Radiator/pump is absent hence the system is light.

(b) In case of water cooling system there are leakages, but in this case there are no
leakages.

(c) Coolant and antifreeze solutions are not required.

(d) This system can be used in cold climates, where if water is used it may freeze.

 Disadvantages of Air Cooled System

(a) Comparatively it is less efficient.

(b) It is used in aero planes and motorcycle engines where the engines are exposed to air
directly.

 Applications of Air-cooling System:

 Air-cooling system is used in small engines, i.e., motor cycles, scooters, mopeds,
airplanes and combat tanks, where speed of the vehicle gives a good velocity to the air to
cool the engine.
 It is also used in small stationary engines used for agriculture and industries.

Fig.3. Air cooling through fins

7
1.2.2 Water Cooled System
 In this method, cooling water jackets are provided around the cylinder, cylinder head,
valve seats etc.
 The water when circulated through the jackets, it absorbs heat of combustion.
 This hot water will then be cooling in the radiator partially by a fan and partially by the
flow developed by the forward motion of the vehicle.
 The cooled water is again circulated through the water jackets.
 A water cooled system is the collection of parts and substances (coolants) that work
together to maintain the engine’s temperature at optimal levels.
 This system provides better cooling and increases engine efficiency over higher
temperatures.

Types of Water Cooling System

There are two types of water cooling system:

1. Thermosyphon System:

In this system the circulation of water is due to difference in temperature (i.e. difference
in densities) of water.
So in this system pump is not required but water is circulated because of density
difference only.
The main drawback of this system is that the circulation of water will start only after
engine become hot enough to start thermosyphon action.

Fig.4. Thermosyphon cooling system

2. Forced Circulation Cooling System:

In this system circulation of water is obtained by a pump.

This pump is driven by means of engine output shaft through V-belts.

8
 The main drawback of system is that circulation is independent of temperature so
sometimes overcooling may happen which causes difficulties in starting the engine.

Fig.5.Forced circulation system

3. Evaporative Cooling System:

This method of cooling is also called steam or vapour cooling. The cooling water
temperature is allowed to reach a temperature of 100°C.
This method of cooling utilizes the latent heat of vapourization of water to obtain cooling
with minimum water.

Fig.6. Evaporative cooling system

4. Pressure Cooling System:

In the case of the ordinary water-cooling system where the cooling water is subjected to
atmospheric pressure, the water boils at 100°C.
But when water is boiled in a closed radiator under high pressure, the boiling temperature
of water increases.

9
 Fig.7. Pressure cooling system

Components of Water Cooling System

Water cooling system mainly consists of:
(a) Radiator,
(b) Thermostat valve,
(c) Water pump,
(d) Fan,
(e) Water Jackets, and
(f) Antifreeze mixtures.

Radiator
It mainly consists of an upper tank and lower tank and between them is a core. The upper tank is
connected to the water outlets from the engines jackets by a hose pipe and the lover tank is
connect to the jacket inlet through water pump by means of hose pipes.
There are two types of cores:
(a) Tubular
(b) Cellular
When the water is flowing down through the radiator core, it is cooled partially by the fan which
blows air and partially by the air flow developed by the forward motion of the vehicle.
As shown through water passages and air passages, water and air will be flowing for cooling
purpose.
It is to be noted that radiators are generally made out of copper and brass and their joints are
made by soldering.

Fig.8. Radiator

10
Thermostat Valve
It is a valve which prevents flow of water from the engine to radiator, so that engine readily
reaches to its maximum efficient operating temperature. After attaining maximum efficient
operating temperature, it automatically begins functioning. Generally, it prevents the water
below 70°C. Bellow type thermostat valve which is generally used. It contains a bronze bellow
containing liquid alcohol. Bellow is connected to the butterfly valve disc through the link.
When the temperature of water increases, the liquid alcohol evaporates and the bellow expands
and in turn opens the butterfly valve, and allows hot water to the radiator, where it is cooled.

Fig.9. Thermostat valve

Water Pump

It is used to pump the circulating water. Impeller type pump will be mounted at the front end.
Pump consists of an impeller mounted on a shaft and enclosed in the pump casing. The pump
casing has inlet and outlet openings.
The pump is driven by means of engine output shaft only through belts. When it is driven water
will be pumped.

Fig.10. Water pump

11
Fan
It is driven by the engine output shaft through same belt that drives the pump. It is provided
behind the radiator and it blows air over the radiator for cooling purpose.

Fig.11. Fan

Water Jackets
Cooling water jackets are provided around the cylinder, cylinder head, valve seats and any hot
parts which are to be cooled. Heat generated in the engine cylinder, conducted through the
cylinder walls to the jackets. The water flowing through the jackets absorbs this heat and gets
hot. This hot water will then be cooled in the radiator.

Fig.12. Water jackets

12
Antifreeze Mixture
In western countries if the water used in the radiator freezes because of cold climates, then ice
formed has more volume and produces cracks in the cylinder blocks, pipes, and radiator. So, to
prevent freezing antifreeze mixtures or solutions are added in the cooling water.
The ideal antifreeze solutions should have the following properties :
(a) It should dissolve in water easily.
(b) It should not evaporate.
(c) It should not deposit any foreign matter in cooling system.
(d) It should not have any harmful effect on any part of cooling system.
(e) It should be cheap and easily available.
(f) It should not corrode the system.
No single antifreeze satisfies all the requirements. Normally following are used as antifreeze
solutions:
(a) Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols.
(b) A solution of alcohol and water.
(c) Ethylene Glycol.
(d) A solution of water and Ethylene Glycol.

Fig.13. Antifreeze

13
 Advantages of water cooled system

(a) Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and valves.

(b) Specific fuel consumption of engine improves by using water cooling system.

(c) If we employ water cooling system, then engine need not be provided at the front end
of moving vehicle.

(d) Engine is less noisy as compared with air cooled engines, as it has water for damping
noise.

 Disadvantages of water cooled system

(a) It depends upon the supply of water.

(b) The water pump which circulates water absorbs considerable power.

(c) If the water cooling system fails then it will result in severe damage of engine.

(d) The water cooling system is costlier as it has more number of parts. Also it requires
more maintenance and care for its parts.

 Application of water cooled system

 Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion

engines and large industrial facilities such as nuclear and steam electric power
plants, hydroelectric generators, petroleum refineries and chemical plants.

14
 REFERENCES

 Internal Combustion Engine Textbook (4th Edition), V Ganesan

 www.wikipedia.com
 www.quora.com

15