ICICI Direct
ICICI Direct
ICICI Direct
I also want to thank all the visible and non-visible hands, which helped me
to complete the practical training with great success.
Shilpi Singla
Master Of Finance& Control
(Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra)
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CONTENTS
RESEARCH METHDOLOGY
FINDINGS
RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUESTIONAIRE
2
PREFACE
Summer training for 6-8 weeks in MBA course and study content of such
services to the people so that they can trade in money market instruments
(like shares, Mutual funds etc.) easily without going from long processes
trading company.
both.
3
SELF EVALUATION
This Six Weeks Industrial Summer Training has led me to understand the
Shilpi Singla
Master Of Finance&Control
(Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra)
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INDUSTRY PROFILE
5
INTRODUCTION to BSE
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and the Chief Operating Officer and other Heads of
Departments assist him.
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Introduction to NSE
Before the NSE was set up, trading on the stock exchanges in India used to
take place through open outcry without use of information technology for
immediate matching or recording of trades. This was time consuming and
inefficient. The practice of physical trading imposed limits on trading
volumes and, hence, the speed with which new information was
incorporated into prices. To obviate this, the NSE introduced screen-based
trading system (SBTS) where a member can punch into the computer the
quantities of shares and the prices at which he wants to transact. The
transaction is executed as soon as the quote punched by a trading member
finds a matching sale or buy quote from counterparty. SBTS electronically
matches the buyer and seller in an order-driven system or finds the
customer the best price available. With SBTS, it becomes possible for
market participants to see the full market, which helps to make the market
more transparent, leading to increased investor confidence.
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NSE has played a catalytic role in reforming the Indian
securities market in terms of microstructure, market practices
and trading volumes. The market today uses state-of-art
information technology to provide an efficient and transparent
trading, clearing and settlement mechanism, and has witnessed
several innovations in products & services viz. demutualisation
of stock exchange governance, screen based trading,
compression of settlement cycles, dematerialisation and
electronic transfer of securities, securities lending and
borrowing, professionalisation of trading members, fine-tuned
risk management systems, emergence of clearing corporations
to assume counterparty risks, market of debt and derivative
instruments and intensive use of information technology.
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Introduction to Financial Market
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In the unorganized market, there is no clear demarcation between short-
term and long-term finance and even between the purposes of finance. The
unorganized sector continues to provide finance for trade as well as
personal consumption. The inability of the poor to meet the
"creditworthiness" requirements of the banking sector make them take
recourse to the institutions that still remain outside the regulatory
framework of banking. But this market is shrinking.
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Capital Market Participants: There are several major players in the primary
market. These include the merchant bankers, mutual funds, financial
institutions, and foreign institutional investors (FIIs) and individual
investors. In the secondary market, there are the stock brokers (who are
members of the stock exchanges), the mutual funds, financial institutions,
foreign institutional investors (FIIs), and individual investors. Registrars
and Transfer Agents, Custodians and Depositories are capital market
intermediaries that provide important infrastructure services for both
primary and secondary markets. Market regulation: It is important to
ensure smooth working of capital market, as it is the arena where the
players in the economic growth of the country. Various laws have been
passed from time to time to meet this objective.
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COMPANY PROFILE
13
ICICI Limited (INDUSTRIAL CREDIT AND INVESTMENT
CORPORATION OF INDIA) as founded by the Govt. of India, World
Bank and representative of private industry on January 5, 1955 to
encourage and asset industrial development and investment in India. The
date of commencement of business was March 1, 1955. Over the years,
ICICI has evolved in to a diversified financial institution.
The study integration of the Indian economy with the global markets has
accelerated trends of increasing disinter mediation and growing
competition from global players. ICICI has capitalized on the customer’s
demand for efficient, high quality products and services to increase market
share and insure a grater “share of the customer’s wallet”. The ICICI
group, with its strong corporate franchise, in-depth knowledge of Indian
industry and arguably the best pool of human talent in Indian financial
sector, is uniquely positioned to take advantage of this opportunity.
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Overview
ICICI Bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of about Rs. 1,
67,659 crore at March 31, 2005 and profit after tax of Rs. 2,005crore for
the year ended March 31, 2005 (Rs. 1,637crore in fiscal 2004). ICICI Bank
has a network of about 560 branches and extension counters and over
1,900 ATMs. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and
financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of
delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries and affiliates in
the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital
and asset management. ICICI Bank set up its international banking group
in fiscal 2002 to cater to the cross border needs of clients and leverage on
its domestic banking strengths to offer products internationally. ICICI
Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Canada,
branches in Singapore and Bahrain and representative offices in the United
States, China, United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh and South Africa.
ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed in India on the Stock Exchange,
Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE).
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At April 4, 2005, ICICI Bank, with free float market capitalization* of
about Rs. 308.00 billion (US$ 7.00 billion) ranked third amongst all the
companies listed on the Indian stock exchanges.
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ICICI Bank Limited
ICICI Bank Towers
Bandra Kurla Complex
Mumbai 400
051
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ICICI direct.com is the portal of ICICI Web Trade Limited that is the
branch of ICICI Group and comes under the working of ICICI Bank. ICICI
direct.com help the customers to trade\deal in the money market
instruments like Equity, Mutual Funds, Insurance, Governments Bonds &
Securities (NSC, KVP RBI Bonds etc.).
On the other hand if a person is not able to work himself online and still he
want to trade through the ICICI direst.com the he will be provided with the
telephone trading. In telephone trading also a person has to fill the 3 in 1
account form for opening an account in the ICICI direct.com, in telephone
trading a person is provided with a User Id (a nick name) and with this a
person has to just call to branch of the ICICIdirect.com like in Hisar and
has to give his identification (User Id-nick name) then he can place his
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order like if he want to purchase some shares or want to sell his shares
apply for an IPO etc.
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2002 January Started investment in IPO online
February Started investment in Bonds Online
March Launched India’s first digitally signed
Contract Notes
April Launched Trading in Futures
May Launched BTST (Buy Today Sell Tomorrow)
June Launched Trading In Options
July Launched Mobile Alerts
October Crossed 2lac customer base
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ICICI DIRECT.COM GROUPS
EMBED
Word.Picture.8
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ICICI GROUPS
RETAIL FINANCIAL SERVICES
ICICI
BONDS
LOANS
FIXED DEPOSITS
DEMAT SERVICES
ICICI BANK
RETAIL BANKING SERVICES
INTERNET BANKING SERVICES
ICICI PRUDENTIAL
LIFE INSURANCE
ICICI CAPITAL
MARKETING, DISTRIBUTION AND
SERVICING OF FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
ICICI INFOTECH
SOFTWARE SOLUTION
IT ENABLED SERVICES
SHAREHOLDER AND BONDHOLDER
SERVICING
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ICICI HOME
HOUSING FINANCE
ICICI SECURITIES
INVESTMENT BANKING
PRIMARY DEALERSHIP
ICICI BROKERAGE
EQUITY BROKING
EQUITY RESEARCH
ICICI LOMBOARD
GERNAL INSURANCE
ICICI VENTURE
OFFSHORE AND SOMESTIC
PRIVATE EQUITY
ICICI KINFRA
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT IN KERALA
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ICICI WINFRA
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT IN WEST
BENGAL
ICICI INTERNATIONAL
OFFSHORE INVESTMENT
OFFSHORE FUND MANAGEMENT
24
ICICI Bank Press releases 2006
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20/03/2006 ICICI Bank plans to rejig assets portfolio
• 17/03/2006 Liquidity expected to keep rates stable in near term
• 16/03/2006 ICICI Bank to cover 60 districts by year end
• 14/03/2006 ICICI Bank hikes PLR for corporates by 100 bps
• 14/03/2006 ICICI Bank sells Fed Bank shares to IFC
• 13/03/2006 ICICI BANKING CORP-Current Price: 614-Target
Price : 630
• 09/03/2006 Intel, ICICI Bank tie up to finance SME tech needs
• 07/03/2006 ICICI Bank to jack up PLR afresh
• 03/03/2006 MOSCOW BRANCH-ICICI Bank
• 28/02/2006 ICICI Bank strikes form
• 21/02/2006 ICICI Bank ties up with BayernLB
• 20/02/2006 ICICI Bank, Bayern LB, Germany, to co-operate
• 20/02/2006 ICICI Bank, Bayern LB, Germany, to co-operate
• 20/02/2006 ICICI Bank, Bayern LB, Germany, to co-operate
• 15/02/2006 ICICI Bank ups corporate lending rate by 50 bps
• 09/02/2006 ICICI, SBI to hike home loan rates
• 08/02/2006 Allied Digital bags ICICI Bank deal
• 30/01/2006 ICICI-Current price: 619.55 -Target price : 660
• 25/01/2006 RBI to probe controls of IPO-tainted banks
• 23/01/2006 UTI - Growth & Value Fund - (G) buys ICICI Bank in
December 2005
• 21/01/2006 ICICI Bank net up at Rs 640 cr
• 20/01/2006 ICICI Bank Q3 net at Rs 640.08 crore
• 17/01/2006 IPO scam derails banks' US plans
• 14/01/2006 ICICI Bank the first to go mobile in UK
• 14/01/2006 ICICI Bank hikes interest rate for corporate loans
• 13/01/2006 ICICI Bank hikes PLR by 25 bps
• 05/01/2006 ICICI Bank multiple-asset pool gets first AAA rating
03/01/2006 REVISES RATES-ICICI Bank
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PROJECT PROFILE
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CONTENTS
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CUSTOMER
TRADING
OWN
TRADIN
G BY
NET DBC
PASSWORD &
ID NICKNAME BY
DBC
SELF
TRADING
ORDE
R SELF
PLACE PRESE
D TO NT
DBC
BY
TELE
TRADING 29
TRADING
1. Select Account :-
First we have to select account in which the trading is to be done.
Insert account number in the select a/c no., column.
Then select go to, column various options of trading will be opened
& than click on in which the trading is to be done.
For eg. Equity
Mutual funds
Commodities
Derivatives
Ipo’s
Insurance
Customer service Home Trading News Market Commodity Derivatives Charts Research Mutual funds Personal finance
Go To :
home | trading | news | markets | quotes & charts | research | mutual funds | personal finance | customer service | site map | disclaimer
Minimum Browser Requirement: You must have Internet Explorer 5.5 & above or Netscape Communicator 4.7 & above.
Copyright© 2006.All rights Reserved. ICICI Web Trade Limited
® trademark registration in respect of the concerned mark has been applied for by ICICI Bank Limited
NSE SEBI Registration Number Capital Market :- INB 231147639 | BSE SEBI Registration Number Capital Market :- INB 011147635
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NSE SEBI Registration Number Derivatives :- INF 231147639
2. Modify Allocation:-
After opening the account for which the trading is to be done, we will
choose the investment alternatives in which the trading is to be
done like equity, derivatives etc. If an investor want to buy than we
will allocate the money from saving account through modify
allocation infront of column side to investment alternatives.
For eg. If we want to buy equity shares in that case allocate money
from saving account in front of equity column.
If we want to invest in derivatives, mutual funds, ipo’s same
procedure as explained in equity will be applied.
MODIFY ALLOCATION
Bank Account Total Bank
Account : 8500325406 : 017201502189 : Rs. 20,725.22
No. Balance
Blocked for
Block For Current Allocation Add / Reduce Amount
Trade
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3. DEMAT ALLOCATION:-
You can see details of the stocks in the demat accounts linked with
your E-brokerage account on this page. The current market value of
each of the stocks can also be seen. Each stock has an associated
ISIN no. It is possible that a stock is associated with more than one
ISINnos.
Against each stock, the total balance and the available balance is
displayed. The available balance indicates the number of shares
that can be sold. The available balance is less than the total
balance when some shares have been sold. Such quantity is
indicated as blocked or under TIFD and cannot be sold. The
quantity remains blocked till the Securities pay -in -date for the
Settlement. After tjat the quantity is shifted to the TIFD(Transfer
Instrution For Debit) column which indicates that the quantity is in
the process of being debited from the account on settlement.
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DEMAT BALANCE
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Total Blocked Block Current
Allocated Market Buy /
Stock Demat for For Market Allocate/DeAllocate Qty
Qty Value Sell
Balance Trade Margin Price
ALKSPI 1500 0 0 0.53 795.00 Buy Sell
COMWI 100 0 0 NA NA Buy Sell
DYNSYS 8250 0 0 0.32 2,640.00 Buy Sell
ESSSTE 120 0 0 34.90 4,188.00 Buy Sell
GAMIND 15 0 0 325.05 4,875.75 Buy Sell
HUGTEL 300 0 0 18.60 5,580.00 Buy Sell
INDGAS 50 0 0 112.00 5,600.00 Buy Sell
KARBAN 100 0 0 99.35 9,935.00 Buy Sell
MIRELE 200 0 0 15.75 3,150.00 Buy Sell
MRPL 300 0 0 35.90 10,770.00 Buy Sell
NATSTE 100 0 0 21.05 2,105.00 Buy Sell
NORTEA 100 0 0 4.10 410.00 Buy Sell
RALIND 30 0 0 263.50 7,905.00 Buy Sell
RELPET 200 0 0 60.75 12,150.00 Buy Sell
TELDAT 200 0 0 10.60 2,120.00 Buy Sell
TOTAL 72,223.75
4. ORDER BOOK:-
The page represents the current status and other details of buy/sell
orders placed by you. The details are updated on real-time basis
and the latest status can be verified by refreshing the page.
Each order has an Order Ref. No. which is an internal no. assigned
by ICICI Direct.Com.
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Order book can be explained:-
• Buy order
• Sell order
Buy order:-
This order book is used when an investor want to place the order in
equity or derivatives. For purchasing equity shares order has to be
placed in equity order book. If investor want to invest in derivatives
than order is placed in derivative order book.
BUY STOCKS
Account : IN302679-32836794-8500325406
Exchange : Product :
NSE BSE
Stock : Find Stock Code
Nickname :
Sell order:-
This sell order book is used when an investor want to sell the
stocks which are available in the investors demat account. For
selling the investor has to equity sell order book. If investor want
to sell the derivatives than order is placed in derivatives sell order
book.
SELL STOCKS
Account : IN302679-32836794-8500325406
Exchange : Product :
NSE BSE
Stock : Find Stock Code
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Protection
Limit Price : :
% Explain
Disclosed Quantity :
Nickname :
5. Trade Book:-
The Trade book shows details of the trades executed for you. The
details are updated on a real time basis and the latest status can be
verified by refreshing the page.
1. All the Trades for the same order are shown together.
Multiple trades for the same Order Ref. No. to be
aggregated and shown as a single entry in the Trade
Book. Clicking the Order Ref, No. will show you the
details of the trades for that particular Order Reference
Number.
2. Clicking on the DP ID-DP client id will show you the
Security projection for that particular selection of
exchange, segment and settlement.
3. Clicking the settlement will show the cash projections for
the particular selection of exchange, segment and
settlement. This page will also give you the display of the
date and the amount of cash Pay In/ Cash Pay out
debited credited to your bank account with date and time.
4. In case stock code is blank or has been selected as ALL
than Net Value to be shown at the bottom of the table.
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portfolio again from the trade book he will have to write to
EQUITY - TRADE BOOK: Orders executed on previous trading days can be viewed during non-trading hours and
trading holidays only.
Account : 8500508229 Date From : Date To :
View
DP Id -
Trade Brokerage
Date Stock Action Qty. Price# Order Ref. Settlement Segment Client DP Exchange U / P
Value incl. taxes
Id
04-
IN300183-
Aug- BHEL Buy 5 2,148.00 10,740.00 0.00 20060804N300000581 2006147 Rolling NSE
2006 11570506
helpdesk@icicidirect.com
6. Security projection:-
The page gives details of date-wise net future security inflows
/outflows due to/from you and the resultant balances.
All transactions executed on your account for each stock are
aggregated for each settlement to arrive at the net quantity of stock
receivable by or payable to you for the settlement. This quantity is
credited (in case of a net buy position) or debited (in case of a net
sell position) to your Demat Account on the date specified as the
Securities pay-in/pay-out date of clients for the settlement. Security
projections provides the quantity of such debit or credit will take
place. Details of all transactions relating to that particular stock can
be viewed by clicking the on the link ‘Stock’.
You can place a Buy Today Sell Tomorrow (BTST) order against a
buy position through the Security Projections page by using the
hyperlink “BTST sell.” The Security Projection also gives the
following additional information.
• Weighted average price: This will show the weighted average
price of that particular position.
• Maximum sell quantity permitted: This is the maximum
quantity allowed to be sold in BTST for the particular position.
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• Blocked Quantity: On successful order placement the order
quantity is shown in the blocked quantity of the Security
Projections.
• Available quantity. The available quantity is the Maximum
order quantity allowed to be placed after considering the
BTST orders already placed. This is equal to:
7. Calculation Of Business:-
Lastly after 3.30pm for calculating he business the Trade done in a
particular period is calculated after adding all the trades done in a
particular day. Through viewing the trade book we can know the
trades done for any particular date, week or month.
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• Right to apply the Company law Board for calling an
extraordinary general meeting.
Trading In Equity
The use of fixed charges sources of funds such as debt and preference
capital alongwith owner’s equity in the capital structure is described as
trading on equity or financial leverage. Under it, management can increase
income for the equity shareholders by using less amount of ordinary share
capital.
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Objectives of Trading on Equity
• If the income is irregular and uncertain, this policy is not good for
such business because in the years of low income, the burden of
interest rises.
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• If the rate of income earned is less than the rate of interest payable,
the policy of trading on equity will reduce the income for equity
shareholders rather than increasing it. Similarly, if the income of the
company before paying interest and taxes is equal to the interest
payable on loans, shareholders will not get any dividend, and it can
reduce the market price of shares.
• By taking more loans, the interference of debt holders increases. It
can cause difficulty to raise additional capital in future.
• Sometimes, loan capital is profitable but due to the limitations
imposed by the Articles and Memorandum or by the prevailing laws
of a country, it is not possible to raise debt beyond a certain limit.
Preference Shares
RIGHT SHARES
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Shares offered to existing shareholders at a price by the
company are called right shares. They are offered to the
shareholders as a matter of legal right. If a public company
wants to increase its subscribed capital by way of issuing shares
after two years from its formation date or one year from the
date of first allotment, whichever is earlier, such shares should
be offered first to the existing shareholders in proportion to the
capital paid up on the shares held by them at the date of such
offer. This pre-emptive right can be forfeited by the
shareholders through a special resolution. The shareholder can
renounce the right shares in favour of his nominee. He may
renounce all or part of the shares offered to him. The right
shares may be partly paid. Minimum subscription limit is
prescribed for right issues. In the event of company failing to
receive 90% subscription, the company shall have to return the
entire money received. At present, SEBI has removed this limit.
BONUS SHARES
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Cash Trading : This is a delivery based trading system, which
is generally done with the intention of taking delivery of shares
or monies.
Derivatives:-
The term "Derivative" indicates that it has no independent value, i.e. its
value is entirely "derived" from the value of the underlying asset. The
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underlying asset can be securities, commodities, bullion, currency, live
stock or anything else. In other words, Derivative means a forward, future,
option or any other hybrid contract of pre determined fixed duration,
linked for the purpose of contract fulfillment to the value of a specified real
or financial asset or to an index of securities.
Derivatives
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1) Futures:- A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to
buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the future at a certain price. Futures
contracts are special type of forward contracts in the sense that the former
are standardized exchange-traded contracts.
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Future Contract
48
An Option to buy is called Call option and option to sell is called Put
option. Further, if an option that is in case of securities but not in index is
called American option and one that is on the basis of index only is called
European option. The price at which the option is to be exercised is called
Strike price or Exercise price.
Therefore, in the case of American options the buyer has the right to
exercise the option at anytime on or before the expiry date. This request for
exercise is submitted to the Exchange, which randomly assigns the
exercise request to the sellers of the options, who are obligated to settle the
terms of the contract within a specified time frame.
As in the case of futures contracts, option contracts can be also be
settled by delivery of the underlying asset or cash. However, unlike futures
cash settlement in option contract entails paying/receiving the difference
between the strike price/exercise price and the price of the underlying asset
either at the time of expiry of the contract or at the time of
exercise/assignment of the option contract.
Index Futures and Index Option Contracts
Futures contract based on an index i.e. the underlying asset is the
index, are known as Index Futures Contracts. For example, futures contract
on NIFTY Index and BSE-30 Index. These contracts derive their value
from the value of the underlying index.
Similarly, the options contracts, which are based on some index, are
known as Index option contracts. However, unlike Index Futures, the buyer
of Index Option Contracts has only the right but not the obligation to
buy/sell the underlying index on expiry. Index Option Contracts are
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generally European Style options i.e. they can be exercised/assigned only
on the expiry date.
An index, in turn derives its value from the prices of securities that
constitute the index and is created to represent the sentiments of the market
as a whole or of a particular sector of the economy (Sectoral Index).
By its very nature, index cannot be delivered on maturity of the
Index futures or Index option contracts therefore, these contracts are
essentially cash settled on Expiry.
Derivatives: Minimum Contract Size
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Calculate Index and Know your Margin are tools to help you in
calculating your margin requirements and also the index & stock
price movements. The ICICIDIRECT UNIVERSITY on the HOME
page is a comprehensive guide on futures and options trading.
MUTUAL FUND
This signaled a growth phase in the industry and at the end of financial
year 2000, 32 funds were functioning with Rs. 1,13,005 crores as total
assets under management. As on August end 2000, there were 33 funds
with 391 schemes and assets under management with Rs. 1,02,849 crores.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) came out with
comprehensive regulation in 1993, which defined the structure of Mutual
Fund and Asset Management Companies for the first time.
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order status tracking. Get to know the performance of your investments
through online updation of MF portfolio with current NAV.
Switch: To suit your changing needs you may wish to shift monies
between different schemes. You can switch your monies online from
one scheme to another in the same fund family without any hassles.
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Transfer-in: You can convert your existing Mutual funds into
electronic mode through a transfer-in request.
Diversification
A crucial element in investing is asset allocation. It plays a very big part in
the success of any portfolio. However, small investors do not have enough
money to properly allocate their assets. By pooling your funds with others,
you can quickly benefit from greater diversification. Mutual funds invest in
a broad range of securities. This limits investment risk by reducing the
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effect of a possible decline in the value of any one security. Mutual fund
unit-holders can benefit from diversification techniques usually available
only to investors wealthy enough to buy significant positions in a wide
variety of securities.
Liquidity
In open-ended schemes, you can get your money back promptly at net
asset value related prices from the mutual fund itself.
Transparency
Regulations for mutual funds have made the industry very transparent. You
can track the investments that have been made on you behalf and the
specific investments made by the mutual fund scheme to see where your
money is going. In addition to this, you get regular information on the
value of your investment.
Variety
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There is no shortage of variety when investing in mutual funds. You can
find a mutual fund that matches just about any investing strategy you
select. There are funds that focus on blue-chip stocks, technology stocks,
bonds or a mix of stocks and bonds. The greatest challenge can be sorting
through the variety and picking the best for you.
TAX BENEFITS
There are tax benefits to be delivered from investing in Mutual Fund.
Income distribution of equity-oriented funds are exempt from taxed
consessional rates of tax are applicable on capital gains from unit of
Mutual Fund
RETURN POTENTIAL
WELL REGULATED
All Mutual Fund are registered with SEBI (Stock Exchange Board Of
India)
And they function with in
The provision of strict regulation designed to protect the interest of
investors.
LOW INVESTMENT
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Investing money in share is more risky then in debentures. Thus a scheme
investing mainly in shares and partly in e.g. equity schemes is more risky
than a scheme, which invests partly in shares and partly in debentures
(Balanced Scheme). Balanced Scheme is more risky than a scheme which
invests mainly in debentures i.e. income scheme.
2. INVESTOR:
In case of Mutual Fund, the investor has no control over the securities
bought and sold. An individual can revise his portfolio immediately
according to his expectation but in case of Mutual Fund he has no
control.
3. HIGH CHARGES:
Mutual Fund charges regular expenses like custodian fee, registrar fee,
and the asset management fee. These expenses have a ceiling limit of 3
percent of the net assets in the respective scheme per year.
Getting a handle on what's under the hood helps you become a better
investor and put together a more successful portfolio. To do this one must
know the different types of funds that cater to investor needs, whatever the
age, financial position, risk tolerance and return expectations. The mutual
fund schemes can be classified according to both their investment
objective (like income, growth, tax saving) as well as the number of units
(if these are unlimited then the fund is an open-ended one while if there are
limited units then the fund is close-ended).
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A. BY STRUCTURE
OPEN-ENDED SCHEMES
CLOSE-ENDED SCHEMES
INTERVAL SCHEMES
Open-ended schemes
Open-ended schemes do not have a fixed maturity period. Investors can
buy or sell units at NAV-related prices from and to the mutual fund on any
business day. These schemes have unlimited capitalization, open-ended
schemes do not have a fixed maturity, there is no cap on the amount you
can buy from the fund and the unit capital can keep growing. These funds
are not generally listed on any exchange.
Open-ended schemes are preferred for their liquidity. Such funds can issue
and redeem units any time during the life of a scheme. Hence, unit capital
of open-ended funds can fluctuate on a daily basis. The advantages of
open-ended funds over close-ended are as follows:
Any time exit option, the issuing company directly takes the responsibility
of providing an entry and an exit. This provides ready liquidity to the
investors and avoids reliance on transfer deeds, signature verifications and
bad deliveries. Any time entry option, an open-ended fund allows one to
enter the fund at any time and even to invest at regular intervals.
Close-ended schemes
Close-ended schemes have fixed maturity periods. Investors can buy into
these funds during the period when these funds are open in the initial issue.
After that such schemes cannot issue new units except in case of bonus or
rights issue. However, after the initial issue, you can buy or sell units of the
scheme on the stock exchanges where they are listed. The market price of
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the units could vary from the NAV of the scheme due to demand and
supply factors, investors’ expectations and other market factors
Schemes that have stipulated maturity period (ranging from 2 to 5 years)
are called close-ended schemes. You can directly invest in the scheme at
the time of initial issue and thereafter you can buy sell the units of the
scheme on he stock externs in which they are listed. The market price at
the stock exchange could vary foam the scheme’s NAV (Net Asset Value)
on account of demand and supply situation, unit holder’s expectation and
other market factors.
Some close-ended schemes give you additional option of selling your units
directly to the Mutual Fund through periodic repurchase Aetna related
prices. SEBI regulations ensure that at least one of the exit routes is
provided to the investors.
INTERVAL SCHEMES
B. BY INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
GROWTH SCHEME
BALANCED SCHEMES
GROWTH SCHEME
Idea for:
Investor in their prime earning years.
Investors seeking growth over long-term.
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suitable for investors who want to maximize current income and who can
assume a degree of capital risk in order to do so.
Idea for:
Retired people and others with a need for capital stability and
regular income.
Investors who need some income to supplement their earning.
BALANCED SCHEMES
Idea for:
Investor looking for a combination of income and moderate
growth.
For the cautious investor, these funds provide a very high stability of
principal while seeking a moderate to high current income. They invest in
highly liquid, virtually risk-free, short-term debt securities of agencies of
the Indian Government, banks and corporations and Treasury Bills.
Because of their short-term investments, money market mutual funds are
able to keep a virtually constant unit price; only the yield fluctuates.
Therefore, they are an attractive alternative to bank accounts. With yields
that are generally competitive with - and usually higher than -- yields on
bank savings account, they offer several advantages. Money can be
withdrawn any time without penalty. Although not insured, money market
funds invest only in highly liquid, short-term, top-rated money market
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instruments. Money market funds are suitable for investors who want high
stability of principal and current income with immediate liquidity.
Aim to provide easy liquidity, preservation of capital and moderate
income. These schemes generally invest in safer, short-term instruments as
treasury bills, certificates of deposits, commercial paper and inter-bank call
money.
Return on these schemes may fluctuate, depending upon the interest rates
prevailing
C. OTHER SCHEMES
Specialty/Sector Funds
GILT FUND
These schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under tax laws as
prescribed from time to time. This is made possible because the
government offer tax incentives for investment in specified avenues. For
example: Pension Scheme
Idea for:
Investors seeking tax rebates.
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Specialty/Sector Funds
These funds invest in securities of a specific industry or sector of the
economy such as health care, technology, leisure, utilities or precious
metals. The funds enable investors to diversify holdings among many
companies within an industry, a more conservative approach than investing
directly in one particular company.
Sector funds offer the opportunity for sharp capital gains in cases where
the fund's industry is "in favor" but also entail the risk of capital losses
when the industry is out of favor. While sector funds restrict holdings to a
particular industry, other specialty funds such as index funds give investors
a broadly diversified portfolio and attempt to mirror the performance of
various market averages.
Index funds generally buy shares in all the companies composing the BSE
Sensex or NSE Nifty or other broad stock market indices. They are not
suitable for investors who must conserve their principal or maximize
current income.
Keep in mind that any one scheme may not meet all your requirements for
all time. You need to place your money judiciously in different schemes to
be able to get the combination of growth, income and stability that is right
for you.
GILT SCHEMES
(a) Sponsor
Sponsor is the company which sets up the Mutual Fund e.g. Kothari
Pioneer Mutual Fund have sponsor Pioneer Investment Management, Inc.,
USA and the Investment Trust Of India Ltd. (ITI). The Investment Trust
Of India (Pvt.) Ltd. was established in 1946 and is one of the India well
known Financial Services Companies. To promote the Mutual Fund, the
sponsor has to meet the criteria laid down by SEBI. The criteria broadly
deal with sufficient experience, net worth, and past record in terms of fair
dealing & integrity. Those who qualify these criteria are permitted by
SEBI to setup Mutual Funds.
(1) AMC, which are already existing, should have a sound track record,
general reputation and fairness in all other business transactions.
(2) The directors of AMC should be persons of high repute and standing
having at least 10 years of professional experience in the relevant
fields such as portfolio management, investment analysis, and in
financial administrator.
(4) The AMC should at all times have a minimum net worth of Rs. 5
crore.
Except in the case of Bank sponsored AMC where the Prior concurrence of
RBI is required. SEBI may withdraw the authorization granted to any
AMC, if it is not serving in the intrest of incestors. The board of trustees,
of a Mutual Fund, will appoint another AMC or liquidate the Mutual Fund
as may be necessary with in there months of withdrawal.
(c) Trustee
(d) Custodian
The SEBI while granting the authorization for setting up of a Mutual Fund,
would also approve the custodian as part of the package. The custodian
should be different from the AMC. The sponsor and trustee companies
cannot act as custodian. If the sponsor has a custodian division, it can act
for other Mutual Fund not set up by the sponsor. The approval of any
agency as custodian would depend upon its track record, experience,
qualify of service, computerisation and other infrastructure facilities. The
approval of Mutual Fund involves the approval of sponsor, AMC, trustee
and custodian all together, who are responsible for the management of
fund. Each scheme floated by Mutual Fund should have prior registration
with SEBI. The AMC should prepare a proportion/letter of offer foe each
to decide the propsal within 30 days of its receipt, failing within SEBI
before inviting public. SEBI has to decide the proposal within 30 days of
its receipt, failing which SEBI clearance is presumed. Mutual Funds are
allowed to start and operate both open-ended and close-ended schemes.
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However investors investing in the Mutual Fund incurs a cost popularly
known as “LOAD” This load is a charge by the fund to recover the
expenses incurred by the fund on brokerage, marketing or selling the
scheme, investor communication expenses etc.
TYPES OF LOAD: -
ENTRY LOAD: -
EXIT LOAD: -
Some AMC do not charge Entry load but they charge an exit loads,
they deduct a load before paying out the redemption proceeds.
Psychologically, investors are much more willing to pay exit loads as
compared to entry loads, because they are paying after they are paying the
service.
The Net Asset Value of the scheme (s) will be calculated on a daily basis
as shown below:
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Market value of the scheme’s Investment+
NAV per unit = Other current Assets + Deposits – All liabilities except
reserve & profits & loss Account
______________________________________________
Net Asset Value shall be calculated as of the close of every business day.
(See the annexure – for NAV’s)
4) Invest regularly.
6) Start early.
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You can invest in mutual funds without the hassles of filling
application forms or any other paperwork. You need no
signatures or proof of identity for investing.
Once you place a request for investing in a particular fund,
there are no manual processes involved. Your bank funds are
automatically debited or credited while simultaneously
crediting or debiting your unit holdings.
You also get control over your investments with online order
confirmations and order status tracking. Get to know the
performance of your investments through online updation of
MF portfolio with current NAV.
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