Module 5

Writing the Report Survey/

Field Report/Laboratory/Scientific
Technical Report

147
1
 Table of Contents
Table of Contents

What I Need to Know 3

Page No.
What I Know
Overview
5 149
Lesson 1
Module Content 6 149
Lesson 2
Objectives 12 150

Lesson 3
Pretest 18 151
Lesson
Lesson 1
4 22 152
Lesson
Lesson 2
5 28 158
Lesson 3
Lesson 6 37 164
Lesson 4 168
References 54
Lesson 5 174

Post Test 193

148
2
 What I Need to Know

FOR THE LEARNERS

Do you need the skill in writing? Do you find it difficult to conduct a

survey? Worry no more as you will explore the techniques and gain skills in
conducting survey in this module. So open your eyes and ears as we venture
into the power of knowledge.
You are all encouraged to give your full attention and cooperation so that
you will be enhanced and become effective 21st century learners.

In this module you will be provided with some exciting and interesting opportunities in
learning. In lesson one, you will learn how to make a survey questionnaire and in lesson two,
you will explore a community survey which will be very useful in your endeavor after senior
high school so that you will become knowledgeable individuals. Lesson three will teach you
how to gather information from surveys and how to disseminate the written forms of
information from survey will be elaborated in lesson four. Challenging tasks await you in
lessons five and six as you will summarize findings and execute the report survey and write a
survey report respectively.

The following lessons will be discussed in this module:

 Lesson 1 – Designing Survey Questionnaire

 CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-7
 Lesson 2 – Conducting a Survey
 CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-8;
 Lesson 3 – Gathering Information from Surveys
 CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-9
 Lesson 4 – Disseminating written forms of information from surveys
 CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-10
 Lesson 5 – Summarizing Findings and executing the report through surveys
 CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-11
 Lesson 6 – Writing a Survey Report
 CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-12

149
3
 Objectives

After going through this module, in lesson 1 you are expected to:

1. Discuss how to make a survey questionnaire and what are the methods of
administering it.
2. Make example survey questions using varied questions.
3. Come up with a questionnaire needed for their community survey.
4. Elaborate the value of being truthful and objective.

After going through this module, in lesson 2 you are expected to:
1. Follow the steps in conducting a survey.
2. Create a graphic representation to present the results accurately.
3. Conduct an actual community survey to gather input from the people on a
particular issue in the community.
4. Elaborate the essence of group work and collaboration.

For the facilitators:

1. Introduce the lesson on designing and conducting a survey. Engage learners to do

the activities religiously, and let the learners carry the tasks with ease and
confidence.
2. Do the What I Know: Instruct the learners to answer the questions to test how far
they know about designing and conducting a survey.
3. Do the activity What’s New: Activate the learners' understanding of the topics by
letting them answer varied activities.
4. Allow students to read in What is It. Let the learners fully discover and comprehend
all topics discussed in this module.
5. Let the learners answer the activities on What’s More. Check if they have
understood the topics. Deepen their understanding by completing the guided
questions on what I have learned section.
6. Assign the students to do What I can Do activities that shall transfer knowledge
/skills gained or learned into real life situation.

General Instructions
Now that you are holding this module, do the following:

1. Understand carefully the objectives and directions in each lesson.

2. Comprehend well each lesson discussed.
3. Engage actively in every activity provided.
4. Answer honestly the pretest and posttest given.
5. Experience actual survey in your community.
6. Write a survey report that will open doors for improvement.

150
4
 What I Know

Instructions: Consider yourself as a client to answer the questions below. On the space
before each number, write T if you think the question is clear and understandable and it does
not create any difficulty and confusion and F if it is confusing or difficult.

_____ 1. What medium of communication you will use to become updated with the events?
Magazine or Newspaper
Radio
Television
Internet

_____ 2. What is your most usual means you use to become updated with the events?

Magazine or Newspaper
Radio
Television
Internet

_____ 3. Enter in the boxes opposite the three options you selected below
Option A Option B Option C
Option D Option E Option F

_____ 4. Below are the features of camping holiday. Indicate their importance to you by
numbering from 1-4 in order where 1 is the most important.
People ______
Cost ______
Open Air ______
Mobility ______
Atmosphere ______
_____ 5. “Have you been to an out of town trip recently?”
_____ 6. “Have you been to an out of town trip in the last two weeks?”
_____ 7. “Do you think women should eat less and exercise more?”
_____ 8. “ Are you against a ban on marijuana?”
_____ 9. Give your age on 1st June 2019 _______ years.
_____ 10. Are you…
______ Under 18
______ 18-65
______ Over 65

151
5
 What Is It

Lesson 1

The Reports, Survey Questionnaire and Methods of

Administering It

The Various Kinds of Reports

Reports are more likely needed for business, scientific and technical subjects,
and in the workplace. They are of different types and they differ in their aims and
structures.

TYPES DEFINITION/ OBJECTIVES

DESCRIPTION
1. Survey Report It is written after getting To collect people’s
data from a survey. responses or answers
about a particular issue or
topic
2. Laboratory or It is commonly called lab To present results or
Scientific report. It is written in a findings from
Technical Report formal and organized experiments.
manner.
3. Field Report It is sometimes called trip To describe and analyze a
report. systematic observation.

Among these types of reports, survey is the most popularly and widely used as
it is the easiest way to gather information about any topic or issue from a big number
of people or groups.

Survey Questionnaire

It is a data gathering tool having set of questions used in a survey and is utilized
in various fields such as politics, research, marketing, media and so on. It is intended
to gather data, views, opinions and others from individuals or a particular group of
people.

It is an important method used in order to collect the necessary information that

will benefit the people and the community.

152
6
Methods of Administering a Survey
Administering a survey calls for a more systematic way in order to achieve the aims of
a certain survey conducted. The following methods are introduced by Sarah Mae Sincero.

1. Personal Approach

This involves the person himself/ herself conducting the survey.

a. Face-to-face Structured Interview

The interview is set personally and the people
involved face each other in order to gather the
necessary information. Questions on the survey
are asked directly to the respondent by the
researcher.

b. Telephone Survey

The survey is done using telephone or cellular

phones. The calls are made to ask individuals
on particular questions. This method can be
used for asking consequential questions. https://www.google.com/search?q=telephone+survey&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=0ahUKEwi0vvOpuPHfAhVygUsFHURGDP4Q_AUIDigB&biw=1345&bih=648#i
mgrc=S3ggm17raBFcGM:

2. Self- administered Approach

In this type, the survey is administered by the researcher himself/herself.

a. Paper- and - pencil Survey

This is a traditional method wherein the respondents
who are usually not computer literate must be present
in the administration of the survey.

https://www.google.com/search?q=paper+and+pencil+survey&source=lnms&tbm=is
ch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj44bS4ufHfAhUZVH0KHX0aABEQ_AUIDigB&biw=1345&bih=
648#imgrc=J1qfTeY4I458oM:

153
7
 b. Online Survey

This is a useful technique that will cater to

a big sample size coming from different
locations.

https://www.google.com/search?q=online+survey&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwi3z_jKuvHfAhUbXn0KHaCyCVcQ_AUIDigB&biw=1345&bih=648#imgrc
=19bxSQSCKB0LAM:

c. Mail Survey

This popular tool requires an easy-

administering of the survey where survey
questionnaires are mailed to individuals
who are given enough time to read and
ponder on the information asked.
https://www.google.com/search?q=mail+survey&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi
wrsqzu_HfAhVXXisKHemHC44Q_AUIDigB&biw=1345&bih=648#imgrc=CBbj_3i6UFfCBM:

What’s New

Activity 1.1 “Let’s Complete It”

Directions: As you analyze the information above, complete the given table with
what you think of the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Method Advantages Disadvantages

1. Face-to-face
Structured
Interview

2. Telephone
Survey
3. Paper-and-
pencil Survey

154
8
 4. Mail Survey
5. Online Survey

Should and Not Should of a Survey Questionnaire

Concise and easy to understand questions lead to a successful survey. Thus,

a well -designed survey questionnaire will ensure an effective data and information
gathering.
A survey questionnaire should be well – constructed so that the respondents
could read carefully and understand thoroughly and be motivated to complete it.
Therefore, a questionnaire…
1. Should use words that have clear meaning.

The questions should not be vague and difficult to comprehend so that the
questionnaire will not be left unanswered.

2. Should cover all possible options.

The respondents should just be given at most five ranking options and should
cover all so that they will not be tired of choosing a lot of options which do not
give the choices they look for. If this will not be observed, this will lead to an
abandoned questionnaire.

3. Should not ask two or more questions in one sentence.

The question should focus on one topic or item at a time so that the respondents
will not be confused which to answer and what to choose.

4. Should provide an out- option.

The survey should give the respondents the option to choose “Does not apply
“ or “None” for questions they do not feel answering.
5. Should consider appropriate time reference.

Respondents could not easily recall past long experiences and be doubtful as
to the exact measurement or time they spent.

6. Should have a clear question structure.

Survey questionnaire should follow the three parts: the question stem,
additional instructions and response options so that the respondents will not be
confused what to answer or choose. This will result to unreliable gathered data.

155
9
7. Should have open specific response options.

The respondents should be guided on what to choose. So the survey should

provide specific options to choose from so that respondents will not be confused
in answering.

8. Should not have any bias or prejudice.

Questions should be objective and lead to an honest answer. The respondents

should not be lead to a biased option that they may fail to give their truthful
response.

9. Should not include too personal or too embarrassing questions.

Questions should be gender and culture sensitive so that the respondents may
not feel awkward or embarrassed in giving their responses.

10. Should avoid double negative questions.

Double negatives may occur when respondents are asked of their agreement
on a certain issue. This should be avoided so that the respondents ‘response
will be clear and precise.

11. Should outline instructions or directions clearly and understandably.

Clear instructions will lead to positive, appropriate and clear answers. If

respondents are clearly asked and told what to do, they will also foster positive
attitude towards answering the questionnaire.

156
10
 What’s More

“Let’s Fill it Up”

Directions: Using the example questions in the pre-test, analyze each using the guidelines
on what should or should not for effective questions. Be able to determine whether the
question is effective or not (mark check). Then provide the reason of your answer.

Example Effective Not Effective Reason

Question
( refer to pre-
test items)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

What I Can Do

Directions: Suppose you are chosen as the youth representative of your town and you
are asked to introduce an advocacy on youth empowerment or development. Decide what
advocacy you will uphold and be able to find out the possible response of your town people
about it. In order to determine the people’s attitude toward it, conduct a survey by framing a
survey questionnaire. Consider the guidelines in constructing effective questions in your five-
question survey to administer in your respective town.

157
11
 What Is It

LESSON 2 Conducting a Survey

A Survey is one of the best ways we will know and understand the people’s
choices, attitudes, or feelings on certain issues. We will be able to determine the
reactions of the respondents and based on the survey results, we could design some
possible actions to be best done, or a solution to a problem, or a remedy to a disease
or an answer to a question.

THREE STEPS IN CONDUCTING A SURVEY

There are three steps in conducting a survey.

1. Decide on a four or five option survey question. Then make a tally chart
having its heading and appropriate title.

The question should follow the guidelines of making an effective survey

question. Formulate questions that address to the aim and need of the
research. The question should be clear, concise and efficient. The
heading and the title should reflect the focus of the survey.

2. Conduct a survey then tally all the answers.

In conducting a survey, ethics should be observed. You should be polite

and show respect to the respondents. You should maintain a friendly
atmosphere so that respondents may not feel so intimidated. Make sure
all answers are noted. Plan for a more systematic way of tallying.

3. Count the answers marking the item having the least to the greatest tallies.
Then make a graphic representation of the results.

Be careful in tallying so you should observe accuracy and honesty.

Results can be presented using any graphics. Most commonly used are
charts and organizers. Choose the most appropriate graphics that best
represent the result of the survey.

NOTE: When you will conduct a survey, you should write a letter of consent. In the
letter you should also emphasize that the information given by the respondents/
participants will be held with utmost confidentiality.

158
12
 What’s New

Activity 2.2

“It’s Your Turn”

A. Give five of your family’s favorite past time activities. Rank them according to the
frequency of engaging in it. Number them 1,2,3,4,5.

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

B. Ask each member of your family to give his/her rank of favorite past time
activities you listed in A. Just add rows to include all other members of the
family.
(Please follow the given example below.)

Family Favorite Past time Activities (As listed in A)

members 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Father 4 3 5 1 2

159
13
 C. Then tally or count how many chose each activity.

Favorite Past time Number of Total

Activities (As listed in A) times chosen
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th

D. Illustrate a bar graph (similar to the given example) to show a graphic

representation of your survey results. Give the appropriate data you gathered
from your survey. Make sure to show the favorite pastime activities and their
ranks.

TITLE

What I Can Do

“Let’s Get Involved in the Real World”

Directions: You have experienced doing survey in the classroom. Now it is the
best time to go out and venture in the world of world.
A. Design a survey questionnaire that will gather some of the residents’ values
and opinions on certain important issue in your community.

160
14
B. Following the guidelines of constructing a survey questionnaire, make five
questions.

C. Conduct a survey in your respective community. Interview SIX residents from

each group category below:

(Parents of) 0 - 5 years old

6 - 11 years old
12 - 18 years old
19 - 39 years old
40 - 60 years old
61 - and above
D. Then devise your own method in tabulating the gathered answers to your five-
survey questions.

E. Graph the results and choose your own format. (YOU MAY USE OTHER
CHARTS OR ANY OTHER GRAPHICS)

F. Write a one - paragraph explanation stating your findings of the survey.

G. Submit your output to your teacher.

I. Personal Data

NAME of the person conducting the survey

Address: ___________________________

Total Number of Persons Surveyed: _____________

II. Graphic Illustration of the result

III. One paragraph Explanation

IV. One paragraph Explanation

161
15
 What I Have Learned

GETTING DEEPER!

Lesson:_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

What I want to say about the lesson:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

What I found out:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________

1. A survey questionnaire is an effective tool in gathering data and it uses either

personal or self-administered approach.

2. Effective survey questionnaire should be clear, concise, specific and

understandable. It should be properly structured and should be free from bias
and prejudice.

3. In conducting a survey, the questionnaire should be well- constructed and

should follow the guidelines. It should be properly gathered, tallied and
represented using graphics for vividness.

162
16
 Assessment

Directions: Analyze the given items in a questionnaire and be able to transform

the items that seem not effectively formulated. Be able to consider and follow
the guidelines.

1. Which of the following means you use to become updated with the events?

Magazine or Newspaper
Radio
Television
Internet

2. What is your most usual means you use to become updated with the events?

Magazine or Newspaper
Radio
Television
Internet

3. Enter in the boxes opposite the three options you selected below

Option A Option B Option C

Option D Option E Option F

4. Below are the features of camping holiday. Indicate their importance to you by
numbering from 1-4 in order where 1 is the most important.
People ______
Cost ______
Open Air ______
Mobility ______
Atmosphere ______
5. “Have you been to an out of town trip recently?”
6. “Have you been to an out of town trip in the last two weeks?”
7. “Do you think women should eat less and exercise more?”
8. “Are you against a ban on marijuana?”
9. Give your age on 1st June 2019 _______ years.
10. Are you…
______ Under 18
______ 18-65
______ Over 65

163
17
 What’s New

LESSON 3 GATHERING INFORMATION FROM SURVEYS

The task of gathering or collecting information or data from surveys requires a

high level of knowledge and skill. You need to be familiar with the different types of
survey questions and learn the art of formulating them before you, yourself, can
conduct the survey and actually gather primary data. Primary data, as the name
implies, is data you yourself as a researcher collect from first –hand sources using
methods like surveys, interviews, or experiments.
https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/primary-data-secondary/

What is It

Types of Survey Questions

1. Open-ended questions
These types of questions do not have predetermined options or answers. The
respondents are allowed to answer the questions freely. Responses must be recorded
verbatim-especially because coding and analysis will rely on the subject’s exact
responses. Open-ended questions often need probing or follow-up questions to clarify
certain items in the subject’s response. These question typically ask the “how” and
“why” of something.
Example: Why did you choose to vote for candidate X? Kindly explain.

2. Dichotomous Questions
Dichotomous questions have two possible answers, often either yes/no,
true/false, or agree/ disagree. These questions are used when the researcher wants
to clearly distinguish the respondent’s opinion, preference, experience or behaviour.
Example: HIV/AIDS is transmitted through saliva:
True False

3. Multiple–response questions
There are certain questions that necessitate the respondents to provide more
than one answer. For example, a typical advertising survey would ask the question,
“How did you find about the particular service or item”? A respondent may have
encountered more than one of the probable ways.
Example: How were you able to know about the graduate program of
Development Policy offered in De La Salle University? Check all that applies.

164
18
 Print Advertisement By word of mouth (friends,
families, etc.)

DSLU Website Telephone inquiry

DSLU Social Networking Physical appearance/ inquiry

page

Others, please specify:

4. Matrix questions
There are instances where a number of questions you intend to ask have the same set
of possible answers. Thus, it is possible to construct a matrix of items and answers for the
sake of streamlining the survey.
Example: Qualities of a Good Leader
Beside each of the qualities of a good leader, kindly indicate how well the person in
inquiry manifests the said quality with 1 being the lowest and 5 as the highest.

Sample Matrix Question Set

Qualities/ Rating 1 2 3 4 5
Integrity
Inclusiveness
Information-Driven
Innovative

Shown above is a numerical scale (matrix).The respondents are required to choose

from a number of categories that determine their preferences.
Another common scale is the Likert Scale which tries to assess the subject’s
agreement/disagreement or approval/ disapproval on a five point scale-with one end being the
most positive answer, and the other end being the most negative answer. The categories
correspond to the numerical values 5,4,3,2,1, and are encoded as their numerical equivalent
(Singh 2007,75). The total score per item is determined. From here, you formulate your
inference.

Example: Performance-Based Incentive System

The new performance-based incentive system encouraged me to work over-time.

(5) Strongly Agree (4) Agree (3) Undecided (2) Disagree (1) Strongly
Disagree
5. Contingency Questions
Contingency questions are intended for certain respondents only, depending on the
provided answers. A familiar example would be a follow-up question provided after a
respondent agrees to a certain item. A respondent is asked whether they used any illegal
drugs or substances. Only those who answered yes are required to answer the succeeding
items.

165
19
 Example:
4. Have you ever tried any illegal drugs and/or substances?
Yes No
4.1 If yes, what illegal drugs and/or substances have you used? Check all that apply.
Crystal Meth
Cocaine
Heroine
Marijuana
Ecstasy
Others, please specify:__________________
0

Points to remember in crafting survey questions

1. Keep the questionnaire as short as possible.

2. Ask short, simple, and clearly worded questions.
3. Start with demographic questions to help respondents get started comfortably.
4. Use dichotomous (yes/no) and multiple choice questions.
5. Use open-ended questions cautiously.
6. Avoid using leading-questions. Make your question ask for the other person’s opinion.
Do not make it clear what your own opinion is. (this would be called a biased question or a
leading question).
A bad example would be: Fishing is a very cruel pastime. Do you agree?
A better question might be: Do you think that fishing is a cruel pastime?
A) strongly agree B) agree C) neutral D) disagree E) strongly disagree
7. Pre-test a questionnaire on a small number of people.
8. Think about the way you intend to use the collected data when preparing the
questionnaire.

What’s More

Activity 3.1 : Answer the following questions on crafting survey questions

1. Which of these questions are leading questions?

A leading question is one that leads the person answering it towards a particular
answer.
a. Do you agree with the majority of people that bank workers earn too much?
b. How has this course improved your English?
c. Do you smoke?
d. Do you agree that giving your child a bottle is a really bad idea?
e. How many times in the past week have you travelled by bus?
f. How many TV sets do you have in your house?
g. Do you agree that eating chocolates raises your IQ?

166
20
2. Here are some open-ended questions. Write suggestions for each tick boxes. The first one
has been done as an example.
A. Which type of film do you like watching? Tick all that apply.
Horror
Comedy
Action/adventure
Cartoons
Drama
None of the above
B. The company is having a party. What type of food should there be?
C. What sports should the new sport centre offer?
D. What electronic gadgets do you use?
E. Give your opinion on the bus service in town.

What I Have Learned

GETTING DEEPER!

Lesson:_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

What I want to say about the lesson:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

What I found out:

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

167
21