SQL

#sql
Table of Contents
About 1

Chapter 1: Getting started with SQL 2

Remarks 2

Versions 2

Examples 2

Overview 2

Chapter 2: ALTER TABLE 4

Introduction 4

Syntax 4

Examples 4

Add Column(s) 4

Drop Column 4

Drop Constraint 4

Add Constraint 4

Alter Column 5

Add Primary Key 5

Chapter 3: AND & OR Operators 6

Syntax 6

Examples 6

AND OR Example 6

Chapter 4: Cascading Delete 7

Examples 7

ON DELETE CASCADE 7

Chapter 5: CASE 9

Introduction 9

Syntax 9

Remarks 9

Examples 9

Searched CASE in SELECT (Matches a boolean expression) 9

Use CASE to COUNT the number of rows in a column match a condition. 10

CASE in a clause ORDER BY 11

Using CASE in UPDATE 12

CASE use for NULL values ordered last 12

CASE in ORDER BY clause to sort records by lowest value of 2 columns 13

Sample data 13

Query 13

Results 14

Explanation 14

Chapter 6: Clean Code in SQL 15

Introduction 15

Examples 15

Formatting and Spelling of Keywords and Names 15

Table/Column Names 15

Keywords 15

SELECT * 15

Indenting 16

Joins 17

Chapter 7: Comments 19

Examples 19

Single-line comments 19

Multi-line comments 19

Chapter 8: Common Table Expressions 20

Syntax 20

Remarks 20

Examples 20

Temporary query 20

recursively going up in a tree 21

generating values 21

recursively enumerating a subtree 22

Oracle CONNECT BY functionality with recursive CTEs 23

Refactoring a query to use Common Table Expressions 25

Example of a complex SQL with Common Table Expression 25

Chapter 9: CREATE Database 27

Syntax 27

Examples 27

CREATE Database 27

Chapter 10: CREATE FUNCTION 28

Syntax 28

Parameters 28

Remarks 28

Examples 28

Create a new Function 28

Chapter 11: CREATE TABLE 30

Introduction 30

Syntax 30

Parameters 30

Remarks 30

Examples 30

Create a New Table 30

Create Table From Select 31

Duplicate a table 31

CREATE TABLE With FOREIGN KEY 31

Create a Temporary or In-Memory Table 32

PostgreSQL and SQLite 32

SQL Server 32

Chapter 12: cross apply, outer apply 34

Examples 34

CROSS APPLY and OUTER APPLY basics 34

Chapter 13: Data Types 36

Examples 36
 DECIMAL and NUMERIC 36

FLOAT and REAL 36

Integers 36

MONEY and SMALLMONEY 36

BINARY and VARBINARY 37

CHAR and VARCHAR 37

NCHAR and NVARCHAR 37

UNIQUEIDENTIFIER 38

Chapter 14: DELETE 39

Introduction 39

Syntax 39

Examples 39

DELETE certain rows with WHERE 39

DELETE all rows 39

TRUNCATE clause 39

DELETE certain rows based upon comparisons with other tables 39

Chapter 15: DROP or DELETE Database 41

Syntax 41

Remarks 41

Examples 41

DROP Database 41

Chapter 16: DROP Table 42

Remarks 42

Examples 42

Simple drop 42

Check for existence before dropping 42

Chapter 17: Example Databases and Tables 43

Examples 43

Auto Shop Database 43

Relationships between tables 43

Departments 43

Employees 44
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