Assignment#3

CAIRO UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL POWER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
4th YEAR
1st TERM 2020/2021
MEP 480
Graduation Project-HAWT
Assignment#3
Prof. Ahmed Ibrahim

Prof. Shady Mohamed Ali
5th February, 2021
Submitted by:
Name Section BN
Ahmed Omar Shaaban 1 30
Ahmed Fathi Ibrahim 1 31
Mohamed Medhat Kamel 4 4
Mohamed Yasser Ahmed 4 7
Mostafa Khaled Abdelhakem 4 20
II
Abstract
In order to design a wind turbine, we endure many phases such as data collection
phase, calculation and design phase, validation phase, optimization phase,
manufacturing phase, performance testing phase and then comes the stage of
installation and operation. In this report we will be concerned with a particular
part in the series of the calculations in the design phase.
III
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................... 1
MATLAB Programs ....................................................................................... 1
Chapter 3 Program ...................................................................................... 1
Chapter 5 Program ...................................................................................... 2
Graphs ............................................................................................................. 3
Observation .................................................................................................... 6
Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 6
References ...................................................................................................... 6
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Chord and Twist Angle of Blade Elements...................................................... 1
Figure 2. Chapter 5 Program (power_calc.m) Results .................................................. 2
Figure 3 Predicted thrust coefficient vs tip speed ratio ............................................... 3
Figure 4 Predicted power coefficient vs tip speed ratio .............................................. 3
Figure 5 Predicted velocity through the rotor ................................................................. 4
Figure 6 Predicted distribution of blade torque .............................................................. 4
Figure 7 Predicted blade circulation .................................................................................... 5
Figure 8 Predicted distribution of blade thrust ............................................................... 5
IV
Introduction
We will show the procedures for acquiring the performance parameters of the 3m
diameter turbine whose two blades had a NACA 4412 profile, using MATLAB
supplementary programs for wind turbine analysis and design used in chapters 3
and 5 of David Wood’s book. These scripts are published as additional material to
the book. After we determine the variation of the chord, radius, twist angle using
chapter 3 program, we will use chapter 5 program to determine the remaining
parameters such as circulation, CP, CT and torque. Then we will be able to show
the required graphs by using the previously mentioned parameters.
MATLAB Programs
We will represent the MATLAB programs and results used in this report;
Chapter 3 Program
This MATLAB program determines the chord and twist angle for each of the 15
blade elements. It allows the user to specify a pitch angle, which is a global,
constant alteration to the twist.
The results after running the first code shows the distribution of the chord and
twist angle along with the radius at each blade element as follows:
Figure 1. Chord and Twist Angle of Blade Elements
Page | 1
Chapter 5 Program
It’s the main program used to get the performance parameters of the turbine
such as Cp, thrust and circulation.
The program implements the tip loss correction factor F and the new method of
calculating a and a’ based on Eq. 5.7 a & b.
The program inputs are the wind velocity (10 m/sec in this case), and the tip
speed ratio 𝜆 (4 to 14 , with more focus on the values of 8, 10, and 12 ).
The code results based on each tip speed ratio 𝜆 are shown as follows:
Figure 2. Chapter 5 Program (power_calc.m) Results
Page | 2
Graphs
Shown below are figures of the plotted graphs representing the acquired
parameters vs tip speed ratio and normalized radius:
Figure 3 Predicted power coefficient vs tip speed ratio
Figure 4 Predicted thrust coefficient vs tip speed ratio
Page | 3
Figure 5 Predicted velocity through the rotor
Figure 6 Predicted distribution of blade torque
Page | 4
Figure 7 Predicted blade circulation
Figure 8 Predicted distribution of blade thrust
Page | 5
Observation
The torque on the blade increases with the blade radius in a nearly linear
behavior, so most of the power is produced near the tip. but torque decreases
with the increase of tip speed ratio.
The thrust on the blade increases with the blade radius in a nearly linear behavior
and directly proportional with tip speed ratio.
At λ=8 the torque is maximum and at λ=12 thrust force is maximum. but Cp is low
in both cases, on the other hand, we notice that at λ=10, the circulation is
constant along the radius of the blade (regardless of the sections near the hub
and tip) which provides a peak value of Cp at this tip speed ratio.
The maximum lift to drag ratio occurs at a certain angle of attack (5 in our case),
this angle of attack is held constant at the power extraction region on the blade
when operating at the previously mentioned tip speed ratio λ=10
At the optimum tip speed ratio, Cl and Cd are nearly constant as well as Reynolds
number which will be the nearest to the design conditions. Also, the induction
factor is constant and the nearest to the optimum as required (a= 0.3)
Conclusion
The performance will be the nearest to the Betz–Joukowsky limit at the optimum
tip speed ratio (λ=10) in this exact case.
References
 “Small Wind Turbines” Analysis, Design, and Application. by David Wood.
 http://extras.springer.com
Page | 6

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY

MECHANICAL POWER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1st TERM 2020/2021

Prof. Ahmed Ibrahim

Ahmed Omar Shaaban 1 30

Ahmed Fathi Ibrahim 1 31

Mohamed Medhat Kamel 4 4

Mohamed Yasser Ahmed 4 7

Mostafa Khaled Abdelhakem 4 20

Figure 1. Chord and Twist Angle of Blade Elements

Figure 2. Chapter 5 Program (power_calc.m) Results

Figure 3 Predicted power coefficient vs tip speed ratio

Figure 4 Predicted thrust coefficient vs tip speed ratio

Figure 6 Predicted distribution of blade torque

Figure 8 Predicted distribution of blade thrust

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