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Transaction Processing System

A transaction processing system (TPS) collects, stores, modifies and retrieves business transaction data. It processes transactions either through batch processing, where multiple transactions are processed together in batches with a time delay, or real-time processing, where each transaction is processed immediately as it occurs. Key aspects of a TPS include rapid response, reliability, inflexibility, and controlled processing according to a business' procedures.

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Shreya Dikshit
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456 views

Transaction Processing System

A transaction processing system (TPS) collects, stores, modifies and retrieves business transaction data. It processes transactions either through batch processing, where multiple transactions are processed together in batches with a time delay, or real-time processing, where each transaction is processed immediately as it occurs. Key aspects of a TPS include rapid response, reliability, inflexibility, and controlled processing according to a business' procedures.

Uploaded by

Shreya Dikshit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM (TPS)

A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for business


transactions involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data.

Or we can say that,

A Transaction Processing System is a set of information which processes the data transaction
in database system that monitors transaction programs. The system is useful when something
is sold over the internet. It allows for a time delay between when an item is being sold to when
it is actually sold. An example is that of a sporting event ticket. While the customer is filling
out their information to purchase the seat ticket; the transaction processing system is holding
the ticket so that another customer cannot also buy it. It allows for a ticket not to be sold to two
different customers.

Transaction processing systems(TPS) collect, store, modify and retrieve the transactions
-Transaction is an event that generates or modifies data to be stored in an information system
-Examples: Point of Sale, credit card payments,
-Designed in conjunction with the organisation's procedures
-Main processes are collecting and storing

-ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties of database


transactions. In the context of databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a
transaction.

Characteristics/Features of TPS

• Rapid response
-Fast performance is critical
-Turnaround time from transaction input to the production output must be a few seconds or less

• Reliability
-Breakdowns disturb operations
-Failure rates must be low
-If failure occurs, recovery must be quick and accurate

• Inflexibility
-Every transaction must be processed in the same way
-Flexibility results in too many opportunities for non standard operations, resulting in problems due to different
transaction data

• Controlled processing
-Must support an organisation's operations
-If roles and responsibilities are allocated, the TPS should maintain these requirements
Types
Batch processing: Processes several transactions at the same time, with a time delay.

Real-time processing: Deals with one transaction at a time and does not have a time delay.

Batch transaction processing


-Collects the transaction data as a group and processes it later
-Has a time delay (hours, days)
-low processing costs per transaction
-Used for pay cheques and when a time delay does not decrease the usefulness of the results
-Disadvantages
• Processing must wait until a set time
• Errors cannot be corrected during processing
• Sorting the data is expensive and time consuming

Real-time transaction processing


-immediate processing of data
-Instant confirmation of a transaction but does require access to an online database
-Uses a terminal or workstation to enter data and display the results of the TPS
-A network links terminals to mainframe computer
-large number of users simultaneously perform transactions(requests are also simultaneous)
-Concerns
• Concurrency: Two users cannot change the same data at the same time
E.g if an airline agent has reserved the last seat, another agent cannot tell another passenger that seat is available
• Atomicity: all steps involved in a transaction are completed successfully
-if any steps fail no other should be completed
-E.g transferring money between accounts(the withdrawal must succeed for the transfer to succeed)
-The response time delay must be acceptable for the application to be considered real time
-Main disadvantage=expense, due to hardware and software

Transaction processing monitor


-Software that allows the transaction processing application programs to run efficiently
-Provides standard interface between input devices, programs and DBMS
-Ensures transactions do not get lost or corrupted

Differences between real time and batch


• both processed in the same manner
• Real time requires more availability of master file for updating and referencing
• Real time has fewer errors, as in batch the data is organised and stored before updating
• Infrequent, yet tolerable, errors can occur in batch
• More computers are required in real time processing
• More difficult to maintain a real time system
Components of a transaction processing systems

Users
• Take the provided data by the TPS and use it in another information system
• E.g, A Point of user system provides stock inventory used by an automated manufacturing
system. The users of the other system belong to the same organisation as the TPS. They are not
interacting with the TPS but are using the data provided by the TPS

Participants
• Conduct information processing(People who do the work)
• Need to know what to do, how to do it and when to do it
• Success or failure is dependent on them

People
• From the environment are becoming participants in real time processing as they directly enter
transactions and perform validation
• When you withdraw money from an ATM, you are a participant of a TPS

Examples of real time transaction processing

Reservation systems
• Used in any type of business involved in setting aside a product or server for a customer (E.g
layby, train tickets)
• Require an acceptable response time

Point of sale terminals

• Used by retail stores to sell goods and services


• Minimises the cost of batch handling by converting the data to a form that can be easily
transmitted through a communication system
• Correct price of the product is received one the product number is entered

Library loan system


• Used to keep track of borrowed items
• Barcodes are scanned on user's card and the item
• This is recorded on the database
• Similar to reservation systems (involves keeping information on products, availabilities, usage
and maintenance
• Items are often stored in a warehouse

Examples of batch transaction processing


Cheque clearance
• Written order asking a bank to transfer an amount of money to an account
• People deposit them into their account
• Involves checking the person has the correct funds (takes up to 3 days)
• money is withdrawn when cheque has been cleared

Bill generation
• Invoice given to a customer for a supplied goods or service
• Generated at a scheduled time so the user can effectively manage their time
• Done as a group

Credit card sales transactions(Manual)


• Impression of customer's card is taken on a credit slip, to be filled by a sales clerk
• Impression is sent to the bank as a group
• Not processed immediately
• Customers may view credit card transactions as real time, but the updating is batch

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